烟台金矿体本质特征描述及其意义

一类矿床区别另一类矿床的地质地球化学特征,即矿床本质特征。文章以矿床模型的思维,描述了烟台金矿床的矿脉与矿体地质、矿石特征、矿石地球化学、近矿围岩蚀变、金矿的同源与异源脉岩、成矿深度和成矿时代等本质特征,用以说明其为浅成热液脉型金矿及与中深热液脉型金矿的本质区别。在此基础上,指出胶东为多期多成因金矿集中区,尽管中深热液脉型金矿为主要类型,但蓬莱-栖霞和牟平-乳山两条重要的浅成热液脉型金矿带仍应予以重视,而且中深脉型金矿中是否有浅成热液的叠加成矿也应关注。     

河南西峡石板沟金矿成矿流体地球化学及矿床成因讨论

石板沟金矿是近年在豫西南发现的一个剪切带容矿的脉状金矿。根据流体包裹体地球化学研究,分析了矿床成矿流体地球化学特征,讨论了金的沉淀机制和矿床成因。构造蚀变岩型金矿的形成主要与热液蚀变作用有关,石英脉型金矿的形成,则可能主要与岩浆热液与变质热液的混合作用有关。矿质主要源自晋宁期岩浆岩,成矿流体和热能主要来自海西期花岗岩。矿床为剪切带容矿的中低温热液金矿床。     

西秦岭成矿带中东段金矿床成矿规律和找矿预测

西秦岭近年来在新区发现新矿床和新类型金矿,矿床的地质特征表明金矿成矿受岩性、构造、岩浆活动的制约,许多金矿的地质、地球化学特征显示成矿与岩浆岩在时间和空间上关系密切;分析认为金矿主成矿时间为印支晚期-燕山早期,与区域大规模的岩浆活动在时间上一致;金矿主要有夕卡岩型、热液脉型和与岩浆活动有关的微细浸染型三种类型。矿石矿物元素组合显示由北而南成矿深度变浅、剥蚀程度较低;根据金、汞、锑矿床点和金、砷、锑、银元素分布特征,认为在北带岩体旁侧应注意寻找夕卡岩型和热液脉型金矿,中、南矿带在已知矿床深部注意寻找热液脉型金矿,有锑、汞矿点的区域注意深部及外围金矿的找矿;通过分析,最后圈定18处下一步重点工作区。     

内蒙古白乃庙石英脉型金矿成历探讨

通过矿床地质特征分析及同位素微量元素等地球化学方法研究认为：白乃庙石英脉型金矿是支位、构造及热源控制的中温地下热液石英脉型金矿。     

浙江某金矿床自然金和载金矿物的研究

浙江某金矿床系变质火山岩中的硫化物石英脉型金矿,为火山热液金矿中较独特的类型.通过对该矿床的自然金及主要载金矿物的研究,提供某些有关矿床成因的信息,对总结火山热液矿床类型及找矿或有所裨益.     

秦岭卡林型金矿床及相关问题探讨

鉴于目前对沉积岩型金矿、卡林型金矿概念和类型划分存在分岐,该文在对秦岭沉积岩区浸染状金矿研究基础上,主张将沉积岩为容矿岩石的金矿床划分为广义和狭义两类：沉积岩型金矿床是具有广义内涵的一类金矿,包容了从沉积－轻微改造,到沉积－强烈改造的一类热液金矿;可划分四种亚类：卡林型、变质细碎屑岩型、热水沉积岩型、脉状体型。卡林型金矿床是狭义内涵的金矿类型,属于沉积岩型金矿类型中的重要亚类;在区域金成矿密集区内,可构成卡林型矿床地球化学系列。建议不要将沉积岩型金矿和卡林型金矿相互代替使用或等同起来。秦岭沉积岩区卡林型金矿与美国卡林典型矿床有较好的类比性。矿床具有沉积－轻微改造的中—低温热液成因特征。     

新疆北部主要金矿床的成矿地球化学特征

主要依据成矿作用方式,基本成矿特点及关键控矿标志等,将新疆北部的主要原生金矿新划分为７个矿床类型,分别是浅成低温热液型金矿、韧性剪切带蚀变岩型金矿、微细粒浸染型金矿、浅成岩－构造蚀变岩型金矿、变质热液型金矿、石英脉型金矿及铜、金伴生型矿床。通过分析比较各矿床类型典型金矿的ＲＥＥ分布型式、其矿石的微量元素含量与分布型式、硫与铅同位素组成及流体包裹体成分等资料,探讨了其成矿地球化学特征。     

海南岛重要类型金矿床成矿规律与成矿机制研究

金矿是海南岛优势矿种之一。根据矿床的空间分布、规模、成矿时代与成矿地质条件等,海南岛金矿床成因类型主要可划分为3类:与古中元古代抱板群和脆-韧性剪切构造有关的戈枕式剪切带型金矿;与穿层构造破碎蚀变带和印支期花岗岩体有关的抱伦式热液脉型金矿;与层间滑脱破碎蚀变带和燕山晚期花岗质岩有关的富文式热液脉型金矿。本文对上述3种成因类型金矿床的成矿规律与成矿机制进行了系统研究。     

吉林南部荒沟山、南岔金矿的地质特征和地球化学研究

吉林南部老岭群中产出的金矿分为三种类型,其中以荒沟山和南岔金矿为代表的微细浸染型和金硫化物浸染型最具规模。地球化学研究表明,该类矿床是与岩浆热液活动有关的中高温热液矿床。主要控矿因素是韧性剪切带和闪长岩脉的侵入,以及成矿热液的温度和容矿空间。     

安徽障公山地区大丘田金矿地质特征及成矿作用分析

大丘田金矿位于江南造山带北缘障公山地区,在收集、整理大量前人研究资料和勘查项目成果的基础上,通过野外地质矿产调查和钻探等地质工作方法,对矿床控矿因素和成矿机制进行了综合研究。结果表明: 区内金矿主要赋存于木坑岩组碎裂石英脉中; 金矿化受构造带构造控制,构造为成矿提供了热液活动条件和成矿空间; 成矿流体主要为岩浆水与大气降水的混合物,成矿与构造作用密切相关,金矿化有岩浆活动参与,矿床类型为热液充填交代型金矿。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.