X射线粉晶衍射仪在辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩蚀变矿物鉴定中的应用

瓦房店金伯利岩热液蚀变强烈,原岩矿物组分几乎蚀变殆尽,显微镜下对蚀变矿物鉴定相当困难.利用X射线粉晶衍射技术对蚀变金伯利岩物相进行系统检测,结果显示：42号岩管金伯利岩主要矿物为蛇纹石、金云母和滑石,有少量方解石、锐钛矿、磷灰石、石英、钛铁矿、钙钛矿、榍石、磁铁矿和绿泥石;石灰窑1号无矿金伯利岩岩管主要矿物为蛇纹石、金云母和白云石,有少量方解石、锐钛矿、磷灰石、滑石、磁铁矿和绿泥石;9号无矿金伯利岩岩脉主要矿物为方解石和石英,有少量绿泥石和重晶石;51号贫矿金伯利岩岩管主要矿物为蛇纹石和金云母,方解石化作用不均匀,白云石化作用普遍,有少量锐钛矿、滑石、磁铁矿、绿泥石、磷灰石、钛铁矿、石英;30号贫矿岩管样品风化严重,主要矿物为蒙脱石,有少量方解石、滑石、蛇纹石、榍石、磷灰石.实践证明,采用X射线粉晶衍射仪鉴定金伯利岩蚀变矿物组合是一种非常可行的技术手段.     

X射线粉晶衍射仪在山东蒙阴金伯利岩蚀变矿物鉴定中的应用

山东蒙阴金伯利岩组成矿物以蚀变矿物为主,X射线粉晶衍射仪鉴定结果显示无矿金伯利岩矿物组分为方解石、白云石、石英、钙锆钛矿,标志性矿物为白云石和钙锆钛矿;贫矿金伯利岩矿物组分为蛇纹石、方解石、钙铝榴石、磁铁矿和金云母,标志性矿物为钙铝榴石;富矿金伯利岩矿物组分为蛇纹石、方解石、绿泥石、磷灰石、磁铁矿和金云母,标志性矿物为绿泥石和磷灰石。采用X射线粉晶衍射仪鉴定金伯利岩蚀变矿物组合,寻找蚀变矿物组分变化与金伯利岩含矿性的关系,利用标志性的蚀变矿物判断金伯利岩无矿、贫矿还是富矿,是非常有意义的。     

陕西华阳川铀多金属矿床铀赋存状态研究

华阳川矿床位于秦岭造山带与华北陆块交接部位的小秦岭。岩矿石光薄片鉴定和电子探针分析表明,华阳川矿床矿石矿物主要有铌钛铀矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿、磁铁矿、晶质铀矿、长白矿,其次为独居石、褐帘石、磁铁矿、菱锶矿、含锶重晶石、钡天青石、锆石、黄铁矿等可综合利用矿物。脉石矿物主要有斜长石、石英、钠长石、角闪石、黑云母、方解石等。铀矿物主要为铌钛铀矿,铀88.93%赋存于铌钛铀矿中,5.72%赋存于晶质铀矿中,其余以类质同象或吸附的形式赋存于长白矿、独居石、褐帘石、磷灰石、榍石矿物中。铌钛铀矿主要呈自形—半自形粒状结构,细粒铌钛铀矿为他形粒状结构。铌钛铀矿的粒度主要集中在0.04~0.12 mm粒级范围,占总量的55.43%。     

TIMA分析在四川西部党坝锂辉石矿床岩矿鉴定中的应用

花岗伟晶岩型锂辉石矿床中的稀有金属资源作为一种关键的战略资源，具有重要的开发利用价值。矿石中的稀有金属矿物以及围岩地层中可能含稀有金属矿物的岩矿鉴定是工艺矿物学和稀有金属资源综合利用的关键。以四川西部党坝花岗伟晶岩型锂矿石床为研究对象，在显微镜观察的基础上，运用矿物自动定量分析系统（TIMA）开展岩矿鉴定工作。鉴定结果显示，矿石中的铌钽矿物主要有铌锰矿、铌钽矿和钽铁矿三种类型。围岩中除了常见的石英、斜长石、正长石、黑云母、白云母外，还含有单斜辉石、方解石、榍石等矿物。TIMA系统不仅可以得出扫描鉴定的探针片中的矿物质量百分比和元素含量比例，还能有效的确定矿物的嵌布特征和矿物类型。TIMA分析为后续工艺矿物学、单矿物定年点位选择以及资源综合利用提供有益帮助。     

苏北东海花岗质岩石中主要造岩矿物和副矿物的地球化学特征

苏北东海地区主侵入花岗岩类岩石属Ⅰ型花岗岩类。其主要造岩矿物为阳起角闪石、富镁黑云母、更长石、钾长石和石英。主要副矿物为榍石、磷灰石、锆石、磁铁矿等。主侵入岩体的形成温度为910—690℃,logfo_2=-12,fH_2O=(1.3—1.8)×10~8Pa,log(fH_2O/f_(HF))=3—4。第一类过渡元素富集于角闪石、黑云母和榍石中,而在更长石、钾长石和石英中明显亏损。由于榍石、角闪石、黑云母和更长石对全岩REE含量的贡献最大,因此它们控制了本区花岗岩类岩石的稀土配分模式。前三者富重稀土,负Eu异常较强,斜长石相对富轻稀土,并表现为正Eu 异常。因此可以认为随着花岗质岩浆中铁镁矿物和斜长石的分离,将会导致残余岩浆中第一类过渡元素、重稀土元素和Eu的亏损。     

U-Pb dating and trace element of titanite and garnet as indicators of the age and ore-forming condition of skarn W deposit: A case study of the Xiaoyao W polymetallic deposit in southern Anhui,China.SCIEI北大核心CSCD

逍遥矿床是安徽南部新发现的大型钨多金属矿床,其精细的岩浆-热液时限及成矿作用仍不明确。本文对其开展了石榴子石和榍石的U-Pb年代学和微量元素分析,发现逍遥矿床发育多阶段榍石(岩浆榍石和热液榍石),岩浆榍石与石英、磁铁矿、长石共生,而热液榍石与石英、方解石、辉钼矿、黄铜矿关系密切。逍遥矿床中石榴子石和榍石中均具有一定的U含量,其中石榴子石中U含量较低(平均为15.9×10^(-6)),岩浆榍石和热液榍石的U含量较高(平均值大于100×10^(-6))。石榴子石和榍石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示成岩和W多金属矿化均形成于150Ma左右,指示W多金属矿化与花岗闪长岩密切相关。岩浆榍石、钾长石、石英、磁铁矿矿物组合指示逍遥成矿岩浆具有氧化性强和富水的特征。逍遥钨矿中的石榴子石以钙铁榴石为主且富集W、Sn特征,指示早期流体为氧化性流体。此外,热液榍石中HFSE元素的高度富集表明其成矿流体为富碱、富F的热液系统,为钨、铅、锌、铜、银、钼多金属的富集提供了有利热液条件。综上所述,石榴子石和榍石能够有效指示矽卡岩W矿的成矿时代和成岩成矿条件。     

新西兰地热系统中稀土元素的行为

位于新西兰北岛Ｔｕａｐｏ火山带地热系统内的热液蚀变流纹岩的稀土元素（ＲＥＥ）模式为我们提供了ＲＥＥ活动的证据。未蚀变流纹岩的ＲＥＥ分配趋势是中等程度富集ＬＲＥＥ（Ｌａ／Ｌｕ）ｃｏ＾＊＝３．８４￣５．６２）以及Ｅｕ具明显的负异常。相比之下，热液蚀变流纹岩的ＲＥＥ分配型式则明显不同，并可分为四种不同的岩石化学类型。含粘土矿物＋石英＋长石＋方解石（土沸石、绿帘石、榍石、绿泥石、不透明矿物）矿物组合的岩石     

西南天山东德沟地幔楔环境异剥钙榴岩的形成过程

中国西南天山昭苏县东德沟地幔楔环境的斜长角闪岩与蛇纹岩接触带中发现了异剥钙榴岩.按异剥钙榴岩化程度,可将研究的岩石分为三种类型:斜长角闪岩、异剥钙榴岩化斜长角闪岩和异剥钙榴岩,它们的矿物组合分别为:角闪石+中长石+石英+榍石+磷灰石±次透辉石;角闪石+钙长石+透辉石+斜黝帘石+绿泥石±方解石;斜黝帘石+钙铝榴石+透辉石+绿泥石+方解石.异剥钙榴岩化岩石的矿物化学及主量元素特征反映出交代流体中富Ca、Al.与洋底变质环境和俯冲带中发生的异剥钙榴岩化作用相比,此处的异剥钙榴岩化岩石中的流体有限.质量平衡计算也表明斜长角闪岩在富Ca、Al流体的交代下形成异剥钙榴岩,这一过程中,早期有Mg元素加入,而晚期异剥钙榴岩形成时,Mg又大量流失.     

白马铁矿青杠坪矿段顶部细粒橄榄辉长岩中富角闪石细脉成因及其找矿意义

攀枝花式铁矿赋存岩体顶部普遍发育有富角闪石细脉。本文报道了白马铁矿青杠坪剖面顶部细粒橄榄辉长岩中富角闪石细脉、蚀变带和寄主岩中代表性斜长石、磁铁矿、钛铁矿、角闪石、黑云母和磷灰石等矿物的电子探针分析。岩相学观察表明,细脉中矿物主要为大颗粒角闪石,其间充填钛铁矿、斜长石、方解石;蚀变带中矿物为角闪石、辉石、斜长石、黑云母、磁铁矿及钛铁矿,矿物普遍发生蚀变(如黑云母绿泥石化),斜长石边部也发生溶蚀;靠近蚀变带的寄主岩中矿物主要为斜长石、单斜辉石(二者含量相近),另含少量角闪石、黑云母、磁铁矿和钛铁矿,在钛铁氧化物周围还有黄铁矿、黄铜矿和磷灰石,矿物也发生了轻微的蚀变;而远离细脉的新鲜寄主岩中矿物主要为新鲜的斜长石、单斜辉石(二者含量相近),少量橄榄石、角闪石、黑云母、磁铁矿及钛铁矿。电子探针数据表明,寄主岩中的斜长石An比细脉及蚀变带中的斜长石An要高。新鲜寄主岩中的斜长石主要为拉长石,蚀变带中的斜长石主要为中长石,而细脉中出现了钠长石。运用角闪石全铝压力计对富角闪石细脉中的角闪石颗粒进行了压力和深度的计算,从中心到边部所估算的压力表现出先增大后减小的趋势:69MPa→121MPa→167MPa→128MPa;运用磁铁矿-钛铁矿共生的温度计和氧逸度计,计算了寄主岩中磁铁矿和钛铁矿平衡时的温度和氧逸度,结果表明,磁铁矿和钛铁矿平衡的温度较低为546~574℃,氧逸度(logfO2)为-20.41~-23.83。另外,根据黑云母的Ti-Mg/(Mg+Fe)温度估算图解,靠近蚀变带寄主岩中黑云母的结晶温度为700~720℃。通过讨论分析得出结论:(1)青杠坪镁铁质侵入体侵位后顶部及周围先固结形成顶部细粒橄榄辉长岩带,对底部的含矿流体成矿起到屏蔽层的作用。(2)细脉和蚀变带中斜长石更富Na;由角闪石核部电子探针数据计算出的侵位深度为岩石的真实侵位深度,而由边部电子探针数据计算的深度为流体高压导致的"假"侵位深度;从富角闪石细脉到蚀变带再到寄主岩,矿物的结晶温度逐渐降低,对应流体高温到低温的扩散特点。(3)这种富角闪石细脉可以作为深部矿床的浅部标志,对深部矿床的勘察找靶提供了一种方法。     

河南南阳独山玉矿物碎裂成玉过程研究

独山玉是迄今为止世界上唯一发现的达到宝石工艺要求的黝帘石化斜长岩质玉种, 目前, 有关独山玉的成玉过程研究还比较薄弱, 本文在独山玉矿的野外考察和实验室标本观察的基础上, 结合薄片的镜下鉴定研究发现: 独山玉以脉状和多期多阶段产出; 主要组成矿物有斜长石、黝帘石、角闪石,另有云母类矿物、榍石、葡萄石、方解石、电气石等次要矿物; 独山玉常具有粒状结构、碎裂结构、残斑结构、熔蚀交代结构, 似斑状结构, 偶见针状变晶结构和糜棱结构; 成玉的物理过程表现为辉长岩(独山玉的母岩)在韧性剪切应力下破裂和糜棱化, 特别是由于剪切作用, 斜长石脆塑性变形——细粒化, 并遭受黝帘石化等作用形成玉脉。     

Metamorphic differentiation at Einasleigh,Northern Queensland

Biotite‐muscovite‐garnet gneisses at Einasleigh contain quartz‐feldspar veins composed of the same minerals as found in the enclosing rock. The vein‐gneiss boundaries are commonly irregular and on a microscopic scale, gradational.

Certain amphibolite layers contain quartz‐feldspar veins composed of the same minerals as found in the amphibolite. Hornblende‐rich extraction zones surround these veins, and material balance calculations show that all or nearly all of the vein‐forming matter was locally derived. Variation in the abundance of hornblende and plagioclase in the amphibolite as a function of distance from a quartz‐feldspar vein can be expressed by error‐function curves, thus suggesting that the mineral‐segregation process was diffusion‐controlled. During the mineral rearrangement, the Na and Ca contents of plagioclase have evidently remained unchanged, but the vein hornblende has become slightly richer in Fe+3, Mg, and Ca, and poorer in Si and Al relative to hornblende in the adjacent amphibolite.

A certain biotite‐plagioclase rock forms layers and boudins in the gneisses and contains pegmatite veins composed of the same minerals as found in the host rock. The plagioclase in these veins is more sodic than that in the host rock while the biotite contains slightly more Ti and Fe+² and less Si and Mg than the biotite of the enclosing rock.

The data indicate that significant portions of the vein‐forming matter at Einasleigh were locally derived. The chemistry of some minerals has changed slightly during the segregation process, resulting possibly from different diffusion rates for the different mineral‐forming constituents.     

Occurrence, Mineral Chemistry, and Metamorphism of Precambrian Carbonate Rocks in a Portion of the Grenville Province

Marble occurs abundantly in a 31,000 km² segment of the southernGrenville Province of the Canadian Precambrian Shield, whereit is associated with quartzite, biotite-garnet gneiss, andamphibolite to form the Grenville Group. An 1800 km² area onthe western margin of this segment, north of the Ottawa river,displays a great variety of carbonate rocks, which may be dividedinto two groups: (I) major marble, with calcite, dolomite, graphite, phlogopite,Ca amphibole, Ca pyroxene, forsterite, humite group minerals, (II) minor marble, with pink calcite, phlogopite, Ca amphibole,Ca pyroxene, K feldspar, scapolite, sphene. Rocks of the first group are associated with plagioclase gneissand amphibolite, and are metamorphosed limestone, little affectedby metasomatism; rocks of the second group, which are less common,are associated with potassium feldspar gneiss and heterogeneousgranitic and syenitic rocks, and are inferred to be metasomaticrocks. Numerous mineral reactions have taken place in the carbonaterocks during metamorphism. The calcite-dolomite reaction, whichgoverns the Mg content of calcite, indicates a metamorphic temperatureof about 650 °C. Forsterite was possibly produced from low-Alamphibole, and forsterite + spinel from high-Al amphibole. Thecrystallization of some silicate minerals in the minor marbleunits, and the enrichment in the contained calcite in Fe andSr are attributed to metasomatic reactions. Metamorphic ion-exchangereactions involving carbonates produced the following distributioncoefficients: Sr in calcite/Sr in dolomite = 2.5 Mn in calcite/Mn in dolomite = 0.89 Fe in calcite/Fe in dolomite = 0.29 from which inferences may be drawn concerning the distributionof these elements between the Ca and Mg sites within dolomiteduring metamorphic crystallization. Ion-exchange reactions involvingsilicates produced the following distribution of Mn: humite group Ca pyroxene.Ca amphibole phlogopite where the numbers are distribution coefficients. An equilibriumdistribution of Fe between silicates and calcite in the minormarble was evidently not attained during metasomatic crystallization.Numerous retrograde reactions have taken place, including thealteration of pyroxene to amphibole, forsterite to serpentine,and the exsolution of dolomite from calcite. Forsterite in marble, and orthopyroxene in the associated gneissesand amphibolites crystallized sporadically in the Laurentianhighlands, but not in the lowlands of the Ottawa rift valley,where peak metamorphic temperatures may have been slightly lower.In the highlands, reactions to produce forsterite and orthopyroxenewere initiated in response to a local increase in temperature,local peculiarities in the chemical composition of amphibole,which produced these minerals, or a local decrease in the activityof CO₂ and H₂O in the grain-boundary phase.     

X射线粉晶衍射仪在大理岩鉴定与分类中的应用

大理岩主要有方解石大理岩、白云石大理岩和菱镁矿大理岩三种。以往大理岩是依据偏光显微镜下观察岩石结构构造及矿物成分进行分类定名,由于方解石、白云石、菱镁矿都属于三方晶系,具有闪突起、高级白干涉色、一轴晶负光性和菱形解理等相同晶体光学特征,偏光显微镜下区分十分困难。为了准确鉴定大理岩中碳酸盐矿物种类及其相对含量,本文利用岩石薄片偏光显微镜和X射线粉晶衍射技术对32件大理岩岩石样品进行分析测试。岩石薄片鉴定结果表明:大理岩造岩矿物主要有方解石、白云石、菱镁矿、石英、斜长石、白云母、黑云母、绿泥石、黏土和金属矿物。根据岩石结构构造及矿物组分特征,可把32件大理岩样品划分为方解石大理岩、长英质方解石大理岩、石英绿泥白云石大理岩、白云石大理岩、云英质白云石大理岩和菱镁矿大理岩等15个类型。X射线粉晶衍射分析表明:大理岩造岩矿物主要有方解石、白云石、菱镁矿、石英、斜长石、钾长石、云母、绿泥石、滑石和蒙脱石。综合分析认为:岩石薄片偏光显微镜鉴定技术很难区分方解石、白云石和菱镁矿等碳酸盐矿物,以及细小的石英、钾长石和斜长石、滑石和白云母等鳞片状硅酸盐矿物;X射线粉晶衍射分析技术不仅能准确检测出大理岩中方解石、白云石和菱镁矿等碳酸盐矿物种类及相对含量(方解石、白云石和菱镁矿的X射线衍射主峰有明显差异,d值分别为0.303 nm、0.288 nm和0.274 nm),而且能够有效鉴别岩石中粉砂级斜长石、钾长石与石英(三种矿物的X射线衍射主峰d值分别为0.319 nm、0.324 nm、0.334 nm);且能区分蒙脱石、绿泥石、云母和滑石等层状硅酸盐矿物(四种硅酸盐矿物的X射线衍射主峰d值分别为1.400 nm、0.705 nm、0.989 nm、0.938 nm)。综合岩石薄片偏光显微镜鉴定和X射线粉晶衍射分析结果,最终确定32件大理岩样品划分为22个岩石类型。研究认为:仅根据岩石薄片偏光显微镜鉴定或X射线粉晶衍射技术其中一种方法不能准确鉴定大理岩岩石,应将大理岩岩石野外观察、岩石薄片鉴定和X射线粉晶衍射技术结合起来,才能准确确定大理岩岩石类型。     

浙西南遂昌—大柘地区八都岩群印支期变质变形序列

浙西南遂昌-大柘地区八都岩群在印支期变质事件影响下发生变质变形,通过详细野外调查和岩相学研究,可将其划分为3期变质变形序列：S₁变形期,NW向片麻理记录的残留紧闭褶皱,共生矿物组合为石榴子石变斑晶及其内部定向分布的包裹体矿物,石榴子石+黑云母+石英（泥质）和石榴子石+角闪石+斜长石+石英（长英质）;S₂变形期,区域性宽缓褶皱及NE向缓倾透入性片麻理,共生矿物组合为石榴子石变斑晶及定向分布的基质矿物,矽线石+石榴子石+黑云母+石英+斜长石±钾长石（泥质）和石榴子石+钾长石+斜长石+黑云母+石英（长英质）;S₃变形期,NE向陡倾透入性片麻理及韧脆性断裂大部分被花岗斑岩脉填充,共生矿物组合为石榴子石变斑晶及其周围退变矿物,石榴子石+矽线石+堇青石+斜长石+黑云母+石英±钾长石（泥质）和角闪石+斜长石+黑云母+钛铁矿（长英质）。结合前人研究成果,八都岩群印支期变质事件峰期变质程度达到麻粒岩相,显示顺时针近等温降压（ITD）型的p-T演化轨迹,S₁-S₃变质变形反映出从俯冲碰撞到快速折返冷却的演化过程,伴随S₃同期侵位的花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb定年结果,将该演化过程完成时间约束在229.7 Ma,可能是浙西南地区对印支期古特提斯洋域内印支-华南-华北板块之间俯冲-碰撞过程的响应。     

Metamorphism of the Basement of the Qilian Fold Belt in the Minhe-Ledu Area, Qinghai Province, NW China

The basement of the central Qilian fold belt exposed along the Minhe-Ledu highway consists of psammitic schists, metabasitic rocks, and crystalline limestone. Migmatitic rocks occur sporadically among psammitic schist and metabasitic rocks. The mineral assemblage of psammitic schist is muscovite + biotite + feldspar + quartz ± tourmaline ± titanite ± sillimanite and that of metabasitic rocks is amphibole + plagioclase + biotite ± apatite ± magnetite ± pyroxene ± garnet ± quartz. The migmatitic rock consists of leucosome and restite of various volume proportions; the former consists of muscovite + alkaline feldspar + quartz ± garnet ± plagioclase while the latter is either fragments of psammitic schist or those of metabasitic rock. The crystalline limestone consists of calcite that has been partly replaced by olivine. The olivine was subsequently altered to serpentine. Weak deformations as indicated by cleavages and fractures were imposed prominently on the psammitic schists, occasionally on me     

X射线粉晶衍射法在片麻岩鉴定与分类中的应用

利用偏光显微镜岩石薄片鉴定和X射线粉晶衍射物相分析技术，对34件片麻岩样品矿物组分进行检测.两种方法分析结果比对显示，有18件岩石样品定名一致，其余16件岩石样品详细定名有差异.偏光显微镜鉴定技术的优势在于能准确定出岩石构造和结构，能鉴定出更多的金属矿物、电气石、榍石、磷灰石、绿帘石，有效区分白云母和黑云母；X射线粉晶衍射法优势在于更准确区分出岩石中层状硅酸盐矿物绿泥石、蒙脱石和云母，确定钾长石、钠长石和石英矿物种类与含量.研究表明：片麻岩鉴定应该把偏光显微镜岩石薄片法与X射线粉晶衍射矿物半定量技术结合起来，才能更好地确定片麻岩的矿物组分，为地学研究提供更符合客观实际的技术数据和分析结论.     

Metamorphic Conditions and Fluid Compositions of Scapolite-Bearing Rocks from the Lapis Lazuli Deposit at Sare Sang, Afghanistan

Scapolite and other halogen-rich minerals (phlogopite, amphibole,apatite, titanite and clinohumite) occur in some high-pressureamphibolite facies calc-silicates and orthopyroxene-bearingrocks at Sare Sang (Sar e Sang or Sar-e-Sang), NE Afghanistan.The calc-silicates are subdivided into two groups: garnet-bearingand garnet-free, phlogopite-bearing. Besides garnet and/or phlogopite,the amphibolite facies mineral assemblages in the calc-silicatesinclude clinopyroxene, calcite, quartz and one or more of theminerals scapolite, plagioclase, K-feldspar, titanite, apatiteand rarely olivine. Orthopyroxene-bearing rocks consist of clinopyroxene,garnet, plagioclase, scapolite, amphibole, quartz, calcite andaccessory dolomite and alumosilicate (kyanite?). Retrogradephases in the rocks are plagioclase, scapolite, calcite, amphibole,sodalite, haüyne, lazurite, biotite, apatite and dolomite.The clinopyroxene is mostly diopside and rarely also hedenbergite.Aegirine and omphacite with a maximum jadeite content of 29mol % were also found. Garnet from the calc-silicates is Grs_45–95Py_0–2and from the orthopyroxene-bearing rocks is Grs_10–15Py_36–43.Peak P–T metamorphic conditions, calculated using availableexchange thermobarometers and the TWQ program, are 750°Cand 1·3–1·4 GPa. Depending on the rock type,the scapolite exhibits a wide range of composition (from Eq_An= 0·07, X_Cl =0·99 to Eq_An = 0·61, X_Cl =0·07).Equilibria calculated for scapolite and coexisting phases atpeak metamorphic conditions yield X_CO2 = 0·03–0·15.X_NaCl (fluid), obtained for scapolite, ranges between 0·04and 0·99. Partitioning of F and Cl between coexistingphases was calculated for apatite–biotite and amphibole–biotite.Fluorapatite is present in calc-silicates, but orthopyroxene-bearingrocks contain chlorapatite. Cl preferentially partitions intoamphibole with respect to biotite. All these rocks have sufferedvarious degrees of retrogression, which resulted in removalof halogens, CO₂ and S. Halogen- and S-bearing minerals formedduring retrogression and metasomatism are fluorapatite, sodalite,amphibole, scapolite, clinohumite, haüyne, pyrite, andlazurite, which either form veins or replace earlier formedphases. KEY WORDS: scapolite; fluid composition; high-pressure; amphibolite facies; Western Hindukush; Afghanistan     

陕西省华阳川铀铌铅矿床碳酸岩岩石学及地球化学特征

陕西省华阳川铀铌铅矿床是小秦岭成矿带中成矿特征最为独特的矿床,碳酸岩脉的破碎带是重要的成矿空间。未矿化的碳酸岩中矿物以方解石为主,其他矿物很少;发育铀矿化的碳酸岩脉中矿物种类繁多,大部分为方解石,其次为角闪石、金云母、榍石、褐帘石、铌钛铀矿、重晶石、磷灰石、石英、磁铁矿、碱性长石等矿物。碳酸岩的LREE含量异常高,δ13CV-PDB和δ18OV-SMOW值显示典型的火成碳酸岩特征。基于碳酸岩脉的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素比值(87Sr/86Sr-206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb-143Nd/144Nd-87Sr/86Sr)的关系图,初步判断华阳川铀铌铅碳酸岩脉是源于EMI的碱性硅酸盐-碳酸盐熔体-溶液结晶分异的产物。     

河北武安坦岭多斑斜长斑岩中基质矿物特征及其研究意义

河北武安坦岭斜长斑岩具有多斑斑状结构,基质为显微晶质结构。岩相学观察表明,斜长石斑晶有一个宽广的核部和一个宽度可变的条纹长石反应边,个别核部包含有角闪石、黑云母等矿物。基质矿物主要由蓝透闪石、条纹长石(An0Ab8.4Or91.5～An0.1Ab57.3Or42.6)、石英、钾长石(An0.3Ab5.9Or93.7～An0.3Ab4.7Or95.2)、钠长石(An0.2Ab98.3Or1.5～An0.1Ab99.2Or0.7)、磁铁矿、赤铁矿、钛铁矿、磷灰石、榍石和锆石等11种矿物组成。角闪石温压计计算结果得出,基质角闪石核部的结晶压力高于边部,核部为34.05 MPa,对应的结晶温度为660.35℃,结晶深度为1.29km;边部的结晶压力为24.32MPa,结晶温度为598.32℃,结晶深度为0.92km;而斜长石斑晶中的角闪石形成时压力为159.51～178.19MPa,温度为817.68～819.79℃,对应的形成深度为6.03～6.73km。基质角闪石在Al2O3-TiO2图上落在壳源区,而斑晶中的角闪石和黑云母都落在壳幔混合区。斜长石、条纹长石、磁铁矿和磷灰石的微量和稀土元素测试数据显示,其都具有相对富集LILE、亏损HFSE的特点,暗示了基质矿物的形成有流体参与。ICT三维扫描结果显示,斜长斑岩基质中的孔隙体积含量约为3.428%,铁质体积含量为4.371%,且铁氧化物和孔隙具弱连通性。通过讨论分析,笔者得出:(1)坦岭斜长斑岩中斜长石斑晶具有明显的交代结构,且晶体本身没有明显熔蚀现象,这些特征表明大量的斜长石斑晶快速上升,即"冻结岩浆房"的活化机制与流体密切相关;(2)斜长斑岩中基质矿物有十一种,且矿物类型复杂,不符合平衡系统矿物相律,应属于流体晶矿物组合;(3)坦岭斜长斑岩的基质"岩浆"可能是一种富Fe、K、P、Si、Na等元素的熔体-流体流;(4)多斑斜长斑岩的形成经历了(1)深度6～7km的深部岩浆房形成斜长石堆晶→(2)富Fe、K、P、Si、Na等元素的熔体-流体流加入深部岩浆房,冻结岩浆房活化→(3)由于流体超压,含大量斜长石斑晶的熔体-流体在地壳浅部(0.9～1.2km)呈小岩株状或岩脉状就位。多斑斜长斑岩为深部找矿提供了有力的线索。     

二长石地质温度计在估算乌拉山金矿碱性长石形成温度中的应用

内蒙古乌拉山金矿田内主要出露晚太古代乌拉山群区域变质岩和规模不一的花岗岩体以及不同时代、不同种类的脉状地质体。含金矿脉中主要矿物共生组合为碱性长石、石英、斜长石、碳酸盐矿物(方解石、白云石)和少量金属硫化物。矿床的显著特征为碱性长石交代作用强烈，碱性长石也广泛产于该地区其他各种类型的岩石中。本文采用电子显微探针分析了共生碱性长石和斜长石的化学成分，并采用三元二长石温度模型估计了碱性长石的平衡温度。结果表明，第一成矿阶段的碱性长石一石英含金矿脉中碱性长石的形成温度为353℃，第二成矿阶段石英含金矿脉中碱性长石的形成温度为281℃，矿脉碱性长石形成压力约为5kbar。这些结果与同类矿石中平衡共生的碳酸盐矿物和云母类矿物的地质温度计估计的形成温度以及共生石英中流体包裹体的均一温度非常一致。因此，乌拉山金矿床形成和富集的温度可估测为260～380℃，压力约为5kbar。此外，应用二长石温度计计算了本地区区域变质片麻岩和花岗岩中碱性长石的平衡温度，所得温度比采用共生铁铝榴石和黑云母温度计估计的温度要低约250℃。这表明共生的铁铝榴石和黑云母的平衡温度可能代表其寄主变质岩变质期温度及寄主花岗岩原生温度，而区域变质岩和花岗岩中的碱性长石在经历了随后多次热液作用后，可能重新平衡再生，这也与前人对乌拉山金矿的矿床地质和同位素研究的结果一致。