缅甸硬玉岩的Fe-Mg同位素地球化学

<正>缅甸硬玉岩是世界上最大和最重要的玉石矿床之一,位于印度板块和欧亚板块之间的新特提斯洋缝合带中。缅甸硬玉岩的研究对于了解新特提斯洋俯冲带流体作用过程具有重要意义,有利于了解洋壳俯冲过程中流体、元素迁移/循环。一般认为硬玉岩的成因和俯冲的大洋岩石圈析出流体相关,但是目前关于其成因还存在争议。根据硬玉的韵律环带特征以及流体包裹体,前人认为它可能来自矿物从流体中的结晶[1];然而硬玉岩中存在有较多的锆石,又说明其可能由流体交代中酸性岩石而形成[2-3]。     

缅甸硬玉岩地区的热液型钠长石岩

产于俯冲带内的低温高压带的由单矿物构成的硬玉岩通常伴有钠长石岩,目前对于硬玉岩研究的关注度较高,而对于钠长石岩则相对较低,很少有相关论文报导.产于缅甸翡翠矿区的钠长石岩,经常与硬玉岩相伴而生,是良好的研究样品.钠长石岩的主要矿物成分是低温钠长石,其次含有硬玉、绿辉石、透辉石等辉石类矿物和钠透闪石、蓝透闪石、镁钠闪石等闪石类矿物,此外还有钠沸石等.钠长石沿着解理和裂隙交代硬玉,说明钠长石形成晚于硬玉岩.钠长岩中的主要组成矿物钠长石的形成温度小于300℃,且其形成压力小于0.5kb,推测是在硬玉岩抬升程中通过交代与沉淀作用形成.其内的透辉石有两种类型,一类可能是被交代的硬玉中的透辉石组分会渐进增加,最终形成透辉石.另一类是被绿辉石包裹的透辉石残留,其很有可能是早期来自地幔楔或者俯冲带岩石中的矿物残留,即异剥钙榴岩或辉石岩类,可以视作硬玉化绿辉石岩和硬玉化异剥钙榴岩的矿物学证据.热液型钠长石岩的存在进一步说明缅甸翡翠矿区钠化热液存在现象的普遍性与穿越性.     

危地马拉硬玉岩与硬玉化绿辉石岩的岩石学特征及其地质意义

位于北美-加勒比板块俯冲带内的危地马拉硬玉岩区产有硬玉岩、榴辉岩、钠长岩等岩石类型,但绿辉石岩还没有详细报导过。研究样品为该区的硬玉岩和绿辉石岩,前者主要由Jd端元含量较高的硬玉组成,具有粒、柱状镶嵌结构。硬玉晶体具有显著的成分振荡环带,其核部及其背散射电子图像的浅色区Jd端元含量为94.81%～95.48%;暗色区Jd含量大于97.92%。后者绿辉石岩具有交代结构,主要由绿辉石和硬玉组成。其中绿辉石的CaO(9.01%～10.80%)和MgO(6.09%～7.94%)含量较高,FeO(2.84%～4.89%)含量较低;硬玉的CaO、MgO和FeO含量变化范围较大,分别为0.59%～4.30%,0.26%～3.05%,0.76%～2.87%。硬玉岩中流体包裹体的存在,以及绿辉石岩中显著的硬玉交代绿辉石现象说明其成因与缅甸硬玉一样,是硬玉质流体通过结晶-交代作用形成。硬玉岩中硬玉振荡的环带结构反映形成时温度-压力-组分体系存在振荡变化,平直连续的环带边界反映结晶时P-T条件位于硬玉稳定的低温高压区域。该区绿辉石岩的硬玉化作用清楚,能够观察到三期硬玉岩化作用现象,说明绿辉石岩可能是在硬玉岩的形成过程中,硬玉质流体与原岩辉石岩作用的结果,这进一步阐明了俯冲带内硬玉岩区硬玉质流体的广泛透入性与结晶交代作用的多样性。     

蛇纹岩体中的硬玉岩与异剥钙榴岩

硬玉岩是一种稀少的岩类，常以构造岩包体和脉体的型式产出在蛇纹岩中。本文着重介绍与蛇纹岩化过程密切相关的硬玉岩。这类硬玉岩总是出现在洋壳俯冲碰撞带中，常常与蓝片岩、偶尔也与榴辉岩伴生。通过研究硬玉岩的矿物组合、化学成分和结构构造，综合世界各地硬玉岩产状，可将硬玉岩从广义的变质成因上分为三类，即：在蛇纹岩体中、或其它岩类包体中由交代作用形成的硬玉岩脉体；蛇纹岩中的构造岩成因岩石包体经固相变质作用后形成的块状硬玉岩：以及介于上述两者之间，由变质和交代的共同作用形成的硬玉岩。此外，还对交代成因的硬玉岩在蛇纹岩化过程中与异剥钙榴岩化作用的关系从流体及其化学成分演化的角度进行了分析和研究。提出了在海底和俯冲带上板片的构造背景下硬玉岩形成的模式。     

大兴安岭嘎仙蛇绿混杂岩中超镁铁质岩地球化学、年代学特征及其地质意义

嘎仙蛇绿混杂岩位于新林-嘎仙-吉峰蛇绿混杂岩带中段。岩石主要由镁铁-超镁铁质岩石组成,呈构造岩块的形式与变质细碎屑岩基质混杂产出。对超镁铁质岩系统的岩石学、地球化学和年代学研究结果表明,超镁铁质岩石SiO_2含量平均值为44.87%,Mg~#平均值为87.06,锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为649.6±4.2 Ma,时代为新元古代。稀土元素配分曲线总体呈平坦型,具有富集型洋脊玄武岩(E-MORB)向洋岛玄武岩(OIB)过渡的趋势。样品亏损Nb、Ta、Ti元素,相对富集Th、U、Zr、Hf元素,具有岛弧岩浆岩的特征。在Nb/Yb-Th/Yb构造环境判别图解中,样品点落入E-MORB和OIB交汇部位。通过与区域构造带岩石组合和地球化学特征对比,认为嘎仙超镁铁岩岩浆源区可能为受俯冲流体交代的富集地幔,属俯冲型(SSZ)蛇绿岩,其就位机制与持续洋内俯冲有关。     

缅甸硬玉岩中的流体包裹体

缅甸硬玉岩是世界上最大和最重要的玉石矿床之一,位于印度板块和欧亚板块之间的新特提斯洋缝合带中。研究表明,缅甸硬玉岩是新特提斯洋壳俯冲过程中橄榄岩经高压变质、交代作用形成的。对不同变质程度缅甸硬玉岩样品中的流体包裹体的研究表明,缅甸硬玉岩中含有4种类型的流体包裹体:1不含或含少量甲烷的低盐度水溶液包裹体(Ⅰ型),呈孤立状或小群(簇状)产于硬玉晶体核部,或沿着硬玉晶体的生长环带分布,具有原生生长结构;2含石盐子晶的H2O+Na Cl±CH4三相包裹体(Ⅱ型);3纯甲烷(CH4)包裹体(Ⅲ型),可以细分为高密度(Ⅲa)和低密度(Ⅲb)两种;4气相或空包裹体(Ⅳ型)。研究表明,缅甸硬玉岩及其相关岩石在形成和演化过程中发生了多期次流体交代事件。硬玉形成过程中,交代橄榄岩的流体相可能来自海水。首次在缅甸硬玉岩中识别出高盐度的含水包裹体和高密度的含CH4包裹体。高盐度的含水包裹体可能与硬玉岩重结晶过程相关,而高密度的CH4流体可能为俯冲板片的上地幔楔中超基性岩蛇纹石化过程的副产物。计算的流体包裹体等容线表明,硬玉岩演化过程中这些流体包裹体发生了不同程度的再平衡。     

缅甸硬玉岩区的硬玉化绿辉石岩

绿辉石岩是缅甸硬玉岩区一种新的岩石类型,普遍遭受多期次硬玉化.未发生硬玉化的绿辉石含较高TFeO和CaO,但较低的MgO,按化学成分分类部分已属霓石-普通辉石系列的中间相.这种绿辉石很可能是硬玉质的流体/熔体交代地幔辉石岩类的产物,与主期大规模硬玉岩的结晶、钠质-钠钙质角闪石边和钠铬辉石的形成同期或稍后,是该区第Ⅰ期的硬玉化.沿绿辉石的解理或裂隙交代并伴有充填的硬玉是在相对拉张的构造背景下形成的,是该区第Ⅱ期的硬玉化.切割早期绿辉石和硬玉的充填硬玉细脉可能是最晚一期的硬玉化.硬玉化绿辉石岩的结构与显微构造特征指示了在缅甸硬玉岩区,至少存在不少于3期的硬玉化的交代充填作用.文中讨论了硬玉化物质的可能来源,认为其可能与俯冲板片上的沉积物有密切关系.     

俯冲带碳酸盐化对深部碳循环的启示:以中国西南天山碳酸盐化云母片岩为例

俯冲带可将地球表层碳输送至深部地幔,同时也记录着俯冲板片来源碳质流体的迁移沉淀机制,对地球深部碳循环具有重大影响。近年来,俯冲带脱碳机制的研究表明流体溶解脱碳作用是冷的大洋俯冲板片释放COH流体的重要方式,而上覆板块(尤其地幔楔)则被认为是缓冲这些COH流体的重要场所,甚至是俯冲带CO_2的唯一"归宿"。事实上,俯冲带岩石本身的固碳能力却受到了忽视,而对俯冲带岩石捕获和固存CO_2(carbon capture and storage,CCS)能力的评估对全球碳通量的估算尤为重要。本文以中国西南天山高压-超高压变质带中碳酸盐化云母片岩为例,探讨俯冲带岩石的碳酸盐化对深部碳循环的影响。西南天山长阿吾子一带的碳酸盐化云母片岩记录了俯冲板片起源的碳质流体对俯冲带云母片岩的交代作用,地球化学特征表明蛇纹岩释放的富水流体溶解俯冲洋壳中的碳酸盐可能是产生COH流体的重要机制。基于碳质流体对多硅白云母(Si(a.p.f.u.)=3.58～3.73)的交代及相对高压的碳酸盐矿物(主要为白云石和菱镁矿)与金红石的共生,结合区域上碳酸盐化云母片岩与高压碳酸盐化蛇纹岩(HP-ophidolomite)的伴生,我们认为云母片岩的碳酸盐化作用可能发生在俯冲板片峰期稍后的高压折返阶段。俯冲带云母片岩的固碳作用表明除了上覆板块,俯冲带岩石本身对于碳质流体也具有很好的吸收能力。初步估算表明俯冲带云母片岩的碳酸盐化每年可固存至少2.46～6.68Mt/yr,约占俯冲板片每年进碳量的4%～17%。     

俄罗斯极地乌拉尔硬玉岩成因矿物学研究

俯冲带是壳-幔物质循环的重要场所,硬玉岩可以记录这一循环过程。文中总结了俄罗斯极地乌拉尔硬玉岩的研究进展。硬玉岩呈脉状或透镜状产在蛇纹石化的方辉橄榄岩中,主要由硬玉和绿辉石组成。根据结构和颜色,硬玉可识别出两个世代。硬玉韵律环带发育,含有H₂O和CH₄流体包裹体,显示从流体中结晶的特征。硬玉岩中的锆石为热液锆石,锆石稀土元素中La_N/Yb_N=0.001~0.01,Lu_N/Gd_N=10~83,Ce/Ce^*=2.8~72,显示正异常,δEu=0.53~1.02,类似于岩浆锆石。锆石的¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf=0.282 708~0.283 017,ε_Hf(t)=+6~+17,类似于N-MORB的Hf同位素组成,锆石δ¹⁸O组成为5.03‰~6.04‰,平均δ¹⁸O为(5.45±0.11)‰,类似于岩浆热液和地幔的氧同位素组成。这可能反映了锆石是被俯冲带流体从途经火成岩中捕获的或者形成锆石的流体与寄主岩(方辉橄榄岩)达到了平衡。硬玉岩稀土元素配分模式近平坦或轻稀土元素略显富集,La_N/Yb_N比值为0.82~2.42,δEu为1.2~1.6,显示正异常,这与寄主岩稀土元素配分模式相似。富集Sr、Ba、Zr、Hf,Nb为负异常,与岛弧岩浆特征类似。(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_t为0.703 400~0.703 519(t=368 Ma),变化较小,与古海水差别明显;ε_Nd(t)值为+0.77~+5.61,变化较大,与寄主岩(方辉橄榄岩)的Nd同位素组成类似,但不同于海水及沉积物的Nd同位素组成,表明硬玉岩的物质来源与寄主岩有明显继承关系,海水与沉积物的贡献不是主要的。矿物学和岩石学证据支持极地乌拉尔的硬玉岩主要是俯冲带流体与橄榄岩相互作用后并在其中结晶的产物。     

中国东部大别山超高压变质杂岩中的石英硬玉岩带

大别山的石英硬玉岩是大别山超高压变质杂岩中的重要成员,与大理岩和榴辉岩紧密共生,呈大小不等的构造透镜体产出在云母斜长片麻岩和含硬玉片麻岩中,分布在长约４０ｋｍ,宽约１ｋｍ的带内。透镜体中心常为花岗变晶结构,边部有不同程度退变并面理化,向外围逐渐变为含硬玉片麻岩。岩石的主要矿物组成为硬玉、石英、石榴石、金红石。退变的石英硬玉岩中还有钠长石、霓石、霓辉石、榍石等。硬玉和石榴石中都有柯石英包体。硬玉的Ｊｄ端元组分为８１．２５％～９０．２７％。恢复的石英硬玉岩的原岩为硬砂岩,与大理岩伴生的榴辉岩的原岩为泥灰岩。因此,石英硬玉岩与共生的大理岩和榴辉岩都属于榴辉岩相变质的表壳岩系,它的成带分布、其中有柯石英的产出,进一步证明大陆地壳能够俯冲到１００ｋｍ左右深度并迅速折返地壳后使其中的高压标志保存完好。     

A new jadeitite jade locality (Sierra del Convento, Cuba): first report and some petrological and archeological implications

A new jadeitite jade locality has been discovered in the serpentinite-matrix subduction mélange of the Sierra del Convento (eastern Cuba) in a context associated with tectonic blocks of garnet-epidote amphibolite, tonalitic–trondhjemitic epidote gneiss, and blueschist. The mineral assemblages of jadeitite jade and jadeite rocks are varied and include combinations of jadeite, omphacite, albite, paragonite, analcime, clinozoisite-epidote, apatite, phlogopite, phengite, chlorite, glaucophane, titanite, rutile, zircon, and quartz formed during various stages in their P–T evolution. Field relationships are obscure, but some samples made almost exclusively of jadeite show evidence of crystallization from fluid in veins. In one of these samples studied in detail jadeite shows complex textural and chemical characteristics (including oscillatory zoning) that denote growth in a changing chemical medium. It is proposed that interaction of an Al–Na rich fluid with ultramafic rocks produced Al–Na–Mg–Ca fluids of varying composition. Episodic infiltration of these fluids, as a result of episodic opening of the veins, developed oscillatory zoning by direct precipitation from fluid and after reaction of fluid with pre-existing jadeite. The latest infiltrating fluids were richer in Mg–Ca, favouring the formation of omphacite and Mg–Ca rich jadeite in open voids and the replacement of earlier jadeite by fine-grained omphacite + jadeite at 550–560°C. This new occurrence of jadeite in Cuba opens important perspectives for archeological studies of pre-Columbian jade artifacts in the Caribbean region.     

大陆俯冲带大规模的变质流体活动:来自大别造山带超高压硬玉石英岩的记录

硬玉石英岩是一种稀少且与流体作用相关的变质岩,同时出露于高压或超高压洋壳和陆壳俯冲带中.通过对中国东部大别造山带中出露达50 km2的含柯石英的超高压硬玉石英岩进行研究,综合全岩主微量元素、矿物Mg-O同位素和锆石学研究.结果表明,硬玉石英岩的原岩为古元古代TTG岩石,经历过弱化学风化和强物理风化作用,然后在三叠纪时期受到围岩富黑云母片麻岩分解脱水而产生的大量重Mg同位素流体交代,从而形成硬玉石英岩.考虑到这种受流体交代成因的硬玉石英岩在大别山广泛出露,表明其在三叠纪大陆深俯冲过程中存在着大规模的变质流体活动,这项研究首次报道了大陆俯冲带有大规模的流体活动存在,同时也挑战了传统观点认为的大陆俯冲带缺乏岛弧岩浆作用主要原因是缺乏足够量的流体活动.      

跃进山岩系及其构造意义

深入研究了跃进山岩系的物质组成与构造特点,确认其为佳木斯地体东缘晚古生代—中生代的增生杂岩,探讨了该杂岩形成与演化的构造作用过程。     

大别山超高压变质岩的显微构造与有效黏度

超高压变质岩提供了研究大陆俯冲隧道中岩石的变形机制和流变差异性的窗口。文章使用电子背散射衍射技术分析了大别山超高压变质带的榴辉岩和长英质片麻岩的显微构造。榴辉岩中的石榴子石基本呈无序分布,绿辉石发育较强烈的晶格优选定向,[001]轴的极密平行或近平行于拉伸线理,(100)面的法线近垂直于面理,退变榴辉岩中角闪石的(100)[001]组构可能继承了绿辉石的晶格优选定向。退变榴辉岩和长英质片麻岩中的石英记录了(0001)低温底面滑移和{1010}中温 柱面滑移,反映了超高压变质岩折返到中地壳的韧性变形;而斜长石的(001)<110>和(010)[100]组构形成于折返到下地壳的角闪岩相变质条件（>600℃）。根据主要矿物的流变律计算了俯冲与折返过程中无水矿物的有效黏度变化。俯冲过程中,钠长石=硬玉+石英的分解反应以及石英-柯石英相变导致长英质片麻岩的有效黏度和密度都显著增高,有利于陆壳深俯冲。但是折返过程中由于温度较高,这两个反应带来的有效黏度变化较小。>80 km深度,石榴子石的流变强度>硬玉>绿辉 石>柯石英,俯冲上地壳的流变由柯石英和硬玉控制,下地壳的流变由绿辉石和石榴子石控制。超高压变质岩流变强度的差异有助于上—下地壳力学解耦,使相对低密度、低黏度的上地壳物质在俯冲隧道内快速折返。     

U–Pb SHRIMP zircon geochronology,petrogenesis, and tectonic setting of the Neoproterozoic Baekdong ultramafic rocks in the Hongseong Collision Belt,South Korea

The Hongseong area, located in the western Gyeonggi Massif, South Korea, can be correlated with the northern margin of the South China block (Yangtze Craton). This area experienced Neoproterozoic igneous activity related to subduction before the amalgamation of Rodinia. Several isolated, lenticular, and serpentinized ultramafic–mafic bodies occur in the Hongseong area. The Baekdong body, one of the largest ultramafic bodies, has been highly deformed and metamorphosed to eclogite- and granulite-facies. The petrogenesis and tectonic environment of the Baekdong rocks are assessed using the composition of unaltered cores of spinel and olivine grains, and show that these rocks represent the mantle section of a suprasubduction ophiolite. The rocks originated from oceanic lithosphere that formed during the transition from nascent back-arc to mature island arc, related to subduction roll-back. During the back-arc stage, Al-rich spinel harzburgite formed through melt–rock interaction caused by the intrusion of magma. This magma was produced in small amounts, by less than 10% of partial melting of the wedge mantle. Subsequently, during the mature island arc stage, Cr-rich spinel dunite formed through melt–rock interaction caused by the intrusion of relatively evolved magma that formed by 30–35% partial melting due to a high input of volatiles from the subducted slab and sediments. The Baekdong ultramafic rocks, together with the Bibong ultramafic rocks, indicate that a suprasubduction tectonic setting prevailed before the amalgamation of Rodinia (at 860–890 Ma) in the Hongseong area, which may be an extension of the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton.     

Geochemical characteristics of mafic and ultramafic plutonic rocks in southern Caspian Sea Ophiolite (Eastern Guilan)

One of the best-preserved Neo-Tethyan ophiolite complexes of Iran (Southern Caspian Sea ophiolite complex) is exposed in north of Iran. Crustal ultramafic cumulative rocks are mainly composed of dunite, wehrlite, olivine clinopyroxenite and clinopyroxenite. Mafic plutonic rocks consist of isotropic and layered gabbros. Geochemical studies show that these rocks have subalkalic tholeiitic affinity. Partial melting has been an important process in the formation of the studied rocks. Normalized trace element patterns in the studied rocks show enrichment in LREE and depletion in Nb and Zr. Studied mafic–ultramafic samples are formed by 30 % partial melting of mantle lherzolite from a depleted-arc source. These characteristics show suprasubduction environment and formation in a marginal basin above a subduction zone.     

Petrology of the Non-mafic UHP Metamorphic Rocks from a Drillhole in the Southern Sulu Orogenic Belt, Eastern-Central China

The Drillhole ZK703 with a depth of 558 m is located in the Donghai area of the southern Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, eastern China, and penetrates typical UHP eclogites and various non-mafic rocks, including peridotite, gneiss, schist and quartzite. Their protoliths include ultramafic, mafic, intermediate, intermediate-acidic, acidic igneous rocks and sediments. These rocks are intimately interlayered, which are meters to millimeters thick with sharp and nontectonic contacts, suggesting in-situ metamorphism under UHP eclogite facies conditions. The following petrologic features indicate that the non-mafic rocks have experienced early-stage UHP metamorphism together with the eclogites: (1) phengite relics in gneisses and schists contain a high content of Si, up to 3.52 p.f.u. (per formula unit), while amphibolite-facies phengites have considerably low Si content (<3.26 p.f.u.); (2) jadeite relics are found in quartzite and jadeitite; (3) various types of symplectitic coronas and pseud     

俯冲隧道内不同深度的壳幔相互作用:地幔楔超镁铁质岩的镁同位素记录

在不同的俯冲深度,俯冲板片会释放出不同来源和组成的熔/流体进入俯冲隧道中,并进而影响上覆地幔楔及衍生岛弧岩浆的地球化学组成.然而,如何识别俯冲隧道中不同深度熔/流体组分的来源一直是俯冲带研究中的难点.对不同深度来源的地幔楔超基性岩进行了Mg同位素研究,发现了Mg同位素具有示踪俯冲板块熔/流体来源的能力.首先,研究了美国加州Franciscan杂岩中一套经历了多期次流体交代作用的浅部来源（< ~60 km）的变质超基性岩.这些部分蛇纹石化的地幔楔超基性岩在蛇纹石脱水形成滑石的过程中会释放轻Mg同位素进入流体,而重Mg同位素更多地残留在滑石相中;随后进一步受俯冲板块来源流体的交代形成具有高CaO和轻Mg同位素组成的透闪石化变橄榄岩,暗示流体中含有源自俯冲板片的、富集轻Mg同位素的碳酸盐,说明在弧前~60 km深度,部分含Mg碳酸盐（方解石）可以在俯冲隧道中发生溶解并迁移交代上覆地幔楔橄榄岩.对深部地幔楔来源（~160 km）的大别造山带毛屋地区超镁铁质岩体岩相学和元素地球化学研究结果证实了其交代成因.结合多相包裹体、元素地球化学以及前人估计的温-压条件,推测交代介质更接近超临界流体.锆石U-Pb年代学研究揭示,交代作用主要发生在古生代洋壳俯冲阶段（454±58 Ma）,超高压变质作用则发生在三叠纪陆壳俯冲阶段（232.8±7.9 Ma）.古生代锆石中大量的碳酸盐矿物包裹体和重O同位素特征说明古生代洋壳俯冲交代过程中有沉积碳酸盐组分加入.全岩和单矿物的Mg同位素组成均显著低于地幔值以及大别新元古代榴辉岩,说明交代的碳酸盐组分来源应为循环的沉积富Mg碳酸盐,暗示了在俯冲带深部富Mg沉积碳酸盐在超临界流体中会发生溶解迁移.由于沉积碳酸盐具有独特的、显著富集轻Mg同位素组成的特征,这种交代作用会造成地幔楔局部具有异常的Mg同位素组成,从而解释目前观察到的岛弧火山岩的Mg同位素特征.因此,Mg同位素是示踪俯冲碳酸盐与上覆地幔楔相互作用的有效工具.      

Devonian rodingite from the northern margin of the North China Craton: mantle wedge metasomatism during ocean–continent convergence

The northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) was an active convergent margin during Palaeozoic and preserves important imprints of magmatic and metasomatic processes associated with oceanic plate subduction. Here, we investigate the mafic–ultramafic rocks in the Xiahabaqin–Sandaogou complexes from the northern NCC including pyroxenite, hornblendites, hornblende gabbro, and their rodingitized counterparts within a serpentinite domain. We present petrological, zircon U–Pb geochronological, and geochemical data to constrain the nature and timing of the magmatic and metasomatic processes in the subduction zone mantle wedge. The rock suites investigated in this study are characterized by low contents of SiO₂, Na₂O, and K₂O, with high CaO, FeO, Fe₂O₃, and MgO. The rodingitized rocks show markedly high CaO and lower MgO compared to their ultramafic protolith, suggesting extensive post-magmatic infiltration of Ca-rich, Si-poor fluids derived by serpentinization of mantle peridotite. The enrichment of large ion lithophile and light rare earth elements such as Ba, Sr, K, La, and Ce with relative depletion of high field strength elements like Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf in the ultramafic rocks collectively suggest metasomatism of a fore-arc mantle wedge by fluids released through dehydration of subducted oceanic slab and subduction-derived sediments. Dehydration and decarbonation leading to metasomatic fluid influx and serpentinization of mantle wedge peridotite account for the enriched geochemical signatures for the rodingitized rocks. The zircon grains in these rocks show textures indicating magmatic crystallization followed by fluid-controlled dissolution–precipitation. Magmatic zircons from altered pyroxenite, hornblendite, and rodingitized pyroxenite in Xiahabaqin yield protolith crystallization ages peaks at 396 Ma and 392 Ma and metasomatic grains show ages of 386 Ma, 378 Ma, and 348 Ma. The zircons from hornblendite and basaltic trachyandesite indicate protolith emplacement during 402–388 Ma. Metasomatic zircon grains from rodingitized hornblende gabbro in Sandaogou complex show a wide range of ages as 412 Ma, 398 Ma, 383 Ma, and 380 Ma. The common magmatic zircon ages peaks at 398–388 Ma in most of the rocks suggest a similar time for magma crystallization in the Xiahabaqin and Baiqi during Middle Devonian. Subsequently, repeated pulses fluids and melts resulted in metasomatic reactions in mantle wedge until early Permian. The Lu–Hf analysis of the zircon grains from these rocks display markedly negative εHf(t) values ranging from ?22.4 to ?7.7, suggesting magma derivation from an enriched, hydrated lithospheric mantle through fluid–rock interaction and mantle wedge metasomatism. Rodingitization processes are associated with exhumation of ultramafic mantle wedge rocks within a serpentinized subduction channel close to the subducted slab in response to slab roll back in a long-lasting subduction regime. This study offers insights into magmatic and metasomatic processes of ultramafic rocks in the fore-arc mantle wedge which were exhumed and accreted to an active continental margin during the southward subduction of the Palaeo-Asian oceanic lithosphere beneath the NCC.     

Genetic Implications of Two Different Ultramafic Rocks from Hongseong Area in the Southwestern Gyeonggi Massif, South Korea

Two distinct ultramafic bodies occur in Baekdong and Bibong in the Hongseong area within Gyeonggi massif of South Korea. The Hongseong area is now extensively documented as an extension of the Dabie-Sulu collision belt in China. The Baekdong ultramafic body has a NWW elongation direction. This elongation trend is similar to the general trend of the Dabie-Sulu collision belt. The Bibong ultramafic body is elongated in a NNE direction and runs parallel to the direction of the main fault in the study area. The Baekdong ultramafic bodies show porphyroclastic and mylonitic textures while those at Bibong exhibit a mosaic texture. Both were grouped into peridotite and serpentinite based on their modal abundance of serpentine. In the olivine (Fo) vs. spinel [Cr# = Cr/ (Cr+Al)] diagram, both ultramafic rocks fall with in olivine spinel mantle array. The compositions of olivine, orthopyroxene and spinel indicate that the Baekdong ultramafic rock formed in deeper parts of the upper-mantle under passive margin tectonic setting. The SREE content of Baekdong ultramafic rock vary from 0.19 to 5.7, exhibits a flat REE pattern in the chondrite-normalized diagram, and underwent 5% partial melting. Conversely, large variation in SREE (0.5 21.53) was observed for Bibong ultramafic rocks with an enrichment of LREE with a negative slope and underwent 17 24% partial melting. The Baekdong ultramafic rocks experienced three stages of metamorphism after a high pressure residual mantle stage. The first stage of metamorphism occurred under the eclogite-granulite transitional facies (1123 911°C, >16.3 kb) the second under the granulite facies (825 740°C, 16.3 11.8 kb) and the third is the retrogressive metamorphism under amphibolite facies (782 718°C, 8.2 8.7 kb) metamorphism. The Baekdong ultramafic rocks had undergone high-P/T metamorphism during subduction of the South China Block, and experienced a fast isothermal uplift, and finally cooled down isobarically. Evidences for metamorphism were not identified in Bibong ultramafic rocks. Hence, the Baekdong ultramafic rocks with in the Hongseong area may indicate a link on the Korean counterpart of Dabie-Sulu collision belt between North and South China Blocks.