黔北桑木场背斜灯影组热液白云岩稀土元素地球化学特征

本文利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪,分析了习水桑木场背斜核部铅锌矿赋矿热液蚀变白云岩的稀土元素组成,并初步探讨了白云岩化与铅锌矿化间的关系。铅锌矿体旁侧工程中白云岩样品的测试显示:有部分样品Zn含量超过200×10-6,具有矿化显示;全部样品∑REE很低(∑REE=0.82～5.96×10-6),具有明显的Ce负异常(δCe=0.37～0.68),除个别有矿化显示的白云岩样品具有正Eu异常(δEu=1.15～2.40)外,其余样品均具有负Eu异常(δEu=0.56～0.80)。在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图上,全部样品均呈现轻稀土富集特征。综合研究,认为白云岩化热液流体具有轻稀土富集及Eu和Ce负异常特征,而氧化还原环境的变化可能是导致本区铅锌矿化的重要因素。     

赣东北朱溪超大型钨矿床中白钨矿的稀土、微量元素地球化学特征及其Sm-Nd定年

赣东北朱溪超大型钨矿床是目前世界上最大的夕卡岩型钨矿床,为确定其成矿物质来源及成矿时代,在详细钻孔岩心编录基础上,本文对白钨矿运用LA-ICP-MS法分析了其单矿物的微量元素、稀土元素,并进行Sm-Nd同位素定年研究。结果显示:白钨矿微量元素中Mo、Nb、Ta富集,而Rb/Sr0.04,Nb/Ta=1.69~8.46、Zr/Hf=3.06~6.75,显示成矿物质的壳源特征。白钨矿的∑REE变化大(∑REE=3.25×10~(-6)~229.95×10~(-6)),LREE与HREE之间分馏明显((La/Yb)N=36~19 984),属于轻稀土富集型。依据δEu值的特征,将白钨矿分为δEu正异常(δEu=1.44~9.06)的轻稀土富集型和δEu负异常(δEu=-0.25~-0.82)的轻稀土富集型;在空间上,由远到近接近花岗岩,白钨矿的∑REE逐渐升高,δEu由正异常逐渐转变为负异常,有与花岗岩稀土配分曲线趋于一致的趋势。白钨矿Sm-Nd等时线年龄为(144±5)Ma,143 Nd/144 Nd初始比值为0.512 020,其εNd(t)为-9.753,二阶段模式年龄为1 745 Ma,其年龄与物质来源与朱溪花岗岩的一致,表明朱溪钨矿床是朱溪矿区隐伏花岗岩进一步演化的产物。     

四川甲基卡新三号超大型锂矿脉稀土元素地球化学

四川甲基卡新三号(X03) 超大型锂矿脉是近年发现且价值巨大的锂矿化伟晶岩脉,但相对缺少地球化学的研究,利用ICP-MS测试手段对该矿脉ZK1101钻孔中44件样品进行分析测试,发现该矿脉稀土总量很低(∑REE为0.180×10-6~8.613×10-6,平均值为2.543×10-6),配分曲线呈右倾斜型,相对富集轻稀土,总体表现铕负异常.围岩的稀土含量与一般片岩相近(∑REE为160.134×10-6~265.881×10-6,平均值为230.718×10-6),稀土配分曲线总体呈右倾平滑趋势,富集轻稀土,铕为负异常.铕的分布具有特殊性,表现为铕在伟晶岩脉的边部具有显著的正异常.∑REE与Li呈负相关性,δCe与Li则表现为弱正相关性.这一首次发现的低稀土总量和矿脉边部Eu显著正异常的特殊性,对于甲基卡伟晶岩的含矿性评价可能具有重要意义.      

滇东南老君山锡多金属成矿区含矿岩系稀土元素地球化学

老君山锡多金属成矿区是滇东南锡多金属成矿带的重要组成部分,具有矿化类型多样等特征。为约束成矿区内不同类型矿化的成矿流体来源,本文选取老君山成矿区内不同类型矿石及其对应的简单夕卡岩、复杂夕卡岩和花岗岩等围岩为研究对象,进行稀土元素含量分析和配分模式对比研究。全部样品总稀土含量较低(ΣREE=14.3×10-6²61.7×10-6),并具有轻稀土富集特征,其中简单夕卡岩的ΣREE=14.3×10-6261.7×10-6),并具有轻稀土富集特征,其中简单夕卡岩的ΣREE=14.3×10-6⁷1.49×10-6,具有Eu正异常(δEu=1.0671.49×10-6,具有Eu正异常(δEu=1.06¹.36)和Ce负异常(δCe=0.841.36)和Ce负异常(δCe=0.84⁰.93)特征,其对应的矿石ΣREE=48.7×10-60.93)特征,其对应的矿石ΣREE=48.7×10-6⁶2.94×10-6,δEu=3.0162.94×10-6,δEu=3.01³.74,δCe=0.803.74,δCe=0.80⁰.87;复杂夕卡岩的ΣREE=25.14×10-60.87;复杂夕卡岩的ΣREE=25.14×10-6²61.7×10-6,δEu变化范围为0.54261.7×10-6,δEu变化范围为0.54².68,δCe变化范围为0.822.68,δCe变化范围为0.82⁰.97,其对应的矿石ΣREE范围为77.95×10-60.97,其对应的矿石ΣREE范围为77.95×10-6²43.2×10-6,δEu=0.52243.2×10-6,δEu=0.52².85,δCe=0.892.85,δCe=0.89⁰.96;花岗岩的ΣREE含量变化范围较窄(69.42×10-60.96;花岗岩的ΣREE含量变化范围较窄(69.42×10-6¹52.8×10-6),具有强负Eu异常(δEu=0.20152.8×10-6),具有强负Eu异常(δEu=0.20⁰.36)和弱正Ce异常(δCe=1.010.36)和弱正Ce异常(δCe=1.01¹.15)特征,其对应的矿石ΣREE=54.04×10-61.15)特征,其对应的矿石ΣREE=54.04×10-6⁷8.31×10-6,δEu=0.3478.31×10-6,δEu=0.34⁰.76,δCe=0.950.76,δCe=0.95¹.01。可见不同类型矿化的稀土含量及相关参数特征与对应的赋矿围岩极为相似,暗示不同类型矿化成矿流体中稀土可能来自对应的赋矿围岩。此外,简单夕卡岩及其相关矿石的稀土元素特征与海相火山喷流沉积岩类似,而复杂夕卡岩及其相关矿石的稀土元素特征具有海相火山喷流沉积与花岗岩叠加改造的双重特征,进一步说明老君山锡多金属成矿区内锡多金属的矿化存在多种成矿作用共同影响的痕迹。     

黔东北沿河大竹园萤石矿床成矿物质来源探讨:地球化学制约

黔东北沿河大竹园萤石矿赋存于下奥陶统桐梓组及红花园组碳酸盐岩内,受NW向断裂构造控制。该类萤石矿床在黔东北及渝东南一带广泛分布。本文对该萤石矿床的萤石单矿物及围岩进行了微量元素及稀土元素地球化学分析,结果显示萤石的微量元素仅Pb、Zn、Co、Ni等元素含量相对较高,Rb、Sr、Ta、Zr、Nb、V、Cr、U、Th、Hf等元素含量仅为地壳值的0.01~0.05倍。稀土元素含量很低(∑REE=2.35×10–6~4.80×10–6),相对富集轻稀土元素(LREE/HREE=3.12~6.33),具有Eu正、负异常(δEu=0.59~1.59)和Ce负异常(δCe=0.80~0.96)。萤石与赋矿围岩具有相近的微量元素配分型式,均明显亏损Nb、Zr、Hf等元素,富集Ba、U、Sr等元素。萤石与赋矿碳酸盐岩都具有轻稀土相对富集、重稀土相对亏损,明显右倾的REE配分型式。综合分析认为该萤石矿的成矿物质Ca主要来源于碳酸盐岩围岩;而碳酸盐岩围岩的F元素含量很低,结合萤石的微量元素及δEu、δCe值特征,暗示形成萤石的成矿流体经过了深部演化,成矿物质F可能主要来自深部富F地层。     

滇东富乐铅锌矿区地层稀土元素地球化学

通过对罗平富乐铅锌矿区地层及矿石进行了稀土元素地球化学特征对比研究.结果显示,梁山组样品 ΣREE值25.91×10-6~108.40×10-6,δEu值0.35~0.73,δCe值0.64~1.35.具Eu负异常和Ce弱正异常;阳新组碳酸盐岩样品 ΣREE值0.82×10-6~6.75×10-6,δEu值0.15~0.97,δCe值0.22~0.62,具Eu负异常和Ce负异常;玄武岩样品 ΣREE值204.17×10-6~290.57×10-6,δEu值变化范围0.91~0.97,δCe值1.02~1.03,Eu异常和Ce异常不明显.峨眉山玄武岩、阳新组、梁山组岩石与矿石REE配分模式比较区别明显,暗示成矿物质并非这些地层提供另有其它来源;梁山组及含矿地层阳新组样品为轻稀土富集型,并具有Eu负异常,暗示地层可能形成于被动大陆边缘还原环境.     

西藏尕尔勤铜矿床花岗闪长斑岩地球化学特征及成矿作用研究

对尕尔勤铜矿床花岗闪长斑岩及其锆石的稀土元素进行了分析,并对其成矿作用进行了研究。结果表明,花岗闪长斑岩稀土元素总含量变化范围不大（ΣREE=48.64×10-6~78.12×10-6）,LREE/HREE=8.67~11.68,所有样品都呈轻稀土元素相对富集、重稀土元素亏损的右倾型分配模式;δEu由弱负异常→弱正异常演化,这是因为地幔底辟作用引发地壳部分重熔形成长英质岩浆的过程中,逐步消弱了结晶分异导致的负Eu异常进而出现弱的正Eu异常。锆石具有典型的振荡环带,稀土总量较高（ΣREE=735.78×10-6~6792.10×10-6）,相对亏损轻稀土,富集重稀土,正Ce异常明显,并呈现弱的负Eu异常,这是因为在地幔流体作用下,重稀土元素及Ce较其它轻稀土元素更容易进入锆石晶格所致,Eu呈弱的负异常则是成岩后期岩体受氧化淋滤所致。综合分析,揭示出地幔流体作用导致花岗闪长斑岩具有壳幔混染甚至成矿特征,同时还能透过岩浆与围岩发生物质和能量的交换,导致变质砂岩成矿的成因机制。      

新疆且日克其菱铁矿床稀土元素地球化学特征

新疆且日克其菱铁矿床赋存于下志留统温泉沟群中低级变质岩系中,由三个矿段组成,总体呈层状、似层状、透镜状.矿石稀土含量较高(∑REE=740.97 ×10-6～820.21×10-6),轻稀土富集(LREE/HREE=13.17～14.74)的特征暗示了矿床形成于弱-中碱性的含矿溶液;明显的Ce正异常(δCe=3.25～...     

内蒙古东七一山萤石矿床的稀土元素地球化学特征及成因

运用等离子质谱和等离子体光谱对内蒙古东七一山萤石矿的萤石矿石和围岩样品的稀土元素进行了系统分析.结果表明,矿石的∑REE<30×10-6,LREE为5×10-6～15×10-6,HREE<5×10-6,Y<20 ×10-6;而围岩的∑REE>290×10-6,LREE>240×10-6,HREE>40×10-6,Y>70×10-6.可将萤石矿石的稀土元素的分布型式分为轻、重稀土富集型两类一类矿石的∑REE多小于29×10-6,LREE/HREE和La/Yb分别大于7和12,δEu、δCe的变化范围分别为0.85～1.10,Ce、Eu基本不显异常;另一类的∑REE 约18×10-6 ,LREE/HREE和La/Yb分别小于3和2,δEu为0.45～0.70,δCe为0.70～0.90,具明显的负Eu异常,Ce微具负异常.矿石与围岩的稀土地球化学研究显示,该萤石矿系岩浆热液成因.     

桂北向阳坪铀矿床矿石矿物LA-ICP-MS原位稀土元素地球化学特征及其对成矿流体的制约

向阳坪铀矿床是桂北苗儿山地区最具代表性的花岗岩型铀矿床,对该矿床矿石矿物REE开展了微区原位研究并结合前人研究成果进行了综合分析,表明铀黑∑REE介于689.12×10~(-6)～869.31×10~(-6)之间,LREE相对富集,HREE相对亏损具强Eu负异常及Ce正异常,TE_(1,3)值介于1.26～1.33之间,具典型M型四分组效应;沥青铀矿∑REE介于569.73×10~(-6)～3 373.83×10~(-6)之间表现出两种特征:①LREE富集,HREE亏损,轻重稀土元素分馏程度较大具强Eu负异常和弱Ce正异常,配分曲线呈右倾型;②轻重稀土元素分馏程度较小,Eu负异常明显弱Ce负异常,配分曲线呈海鸥型。围岩稀土元素配分模式相似,Y/Ho值范围狭窄,指示具有相同物源;矿石矿物稀土元素与围岩存在较大差异,亲缘性不明显。成矿作用伴随围岩发生蚀变及围岩高铀背景;成矿流体具多阶段、富U-Y-REE特征,铀主要来自深部热液,围岩贡献不显著;矿床定位受构造-岩体联合控制,矿体规模、形态受构造规模、产状控制。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.