黔西南金矿区域成矿规律及成矿模式

本文对黔西南金矿成矿规律进行了深入研究,并获得了系统认识。黔西南金矿的成矿作用具有多期性和继承性,其中卡林型金矿的主成矿期为燕山期,土型金矿为卡林型金矿在第四纪表生环境中改造而成。多级区域构造对多级成矿单元有逐级控制规律。卡林型金矿床分布具丛聚性、方向性、等距性,并与古构造有关。矿体在多层次滑脱构造系统及拆离断层中呈有序分布,也在褶皱-断裂构造中呈有序分布。成矿元素组合及共伴生矿产也具一定的空间分布规律。与黔西南金矿相关的矿床成矿系列有两个,亚系列有四个。在上述认识基础上,为其建立了统一的区域成矿模式。     

贵州卡林型金矿成矿系列及找矿方向

卡林型金矿为华南低温成矿域重要的矿产。贵州为南盘江—右江卡林型金矿聚集区最重要的组成部分, 是我国重要的金资源产地之一, 其大地构造位处江南复合造山带西段。本文采用成矿系列理论研究方法, 深入研究典型矿床特征, 系统总结了卡林型金矿时空规律。建立了贵州卡林型金矿矿床式10个、成矿亚系列5个、成矿系列3个, 建立了基于构造蚀变体的南盘江—右江卡林型金矿多层次构造滑脱成矿系统。建立了贵州卡林型金矿综合找矿预测模型, 据此开展了区域成矿预测, 圈定找矿预测区24个, 明确贵州卡林型金矿找矿方向。     

中国第一个Ⅰ类型卡林型金矿床——水银洞金矿地质

水银洞金矿床是中国近年来通过成矿预测发现的第一个Ⅰ勘探类型卡林型金矿床，具品位高、厚度小、多层矿体受地层层位控制的隐伏卡林型金矿床。文章介绍了矿床的区域地质条件、构造、岩石组合特征、热液蚀变类型以及金矿富集规律等，并提出了该类型金矿的成矿模式。     

卡林型金矿找矿新进展及其意义

在我国,卡林型金矿曾被当作典型层控矿床。但近年来在美国卡林型金矿带的一系列找矿新进展说明,地层对于成矿的意义不如构造和深源的成矿流体。对于第三纪热点活动、岩浆作用及卡林型金矿形成之间相互关系的新认识,为卡林型金矿的找矿突破提供了重要的依据。我国滇黔桂、陕甘川等卡林型金矿集中区在许多方面可与美国卡林型金矿对比,在找矿方面也应打破单一沿层找矿的旧框框,开拓新思路,注意在有利的构造部位及有岩浆或深源热液     

黔西南卡林型金矿隐伏矿找矿中弱信息提取方法研究

黔西南地区是中国卡林型金矿的集中分布区,金矿成矿地质条件优越,找矿潜力巨大。但区内浅表金矿资源已基本找寻殆尽,找矿工作全面进入“攻深找盲”阶段。隐伏金矿由于矿体埋深较大,地表的矿化信息必然非常微弱甚至没有信息显示,深部成矿信息获取困难。如何识别并获取与深部成矿作用有关的地球化学信息,成为制约找矿突破的关键因素。黔西南卡林型金矿的形成及就位主要受背斜及断裂构造的控制,元素地球化学的分布、分异和成矿同样受到构造应力的影响,深部成矿信息通过断裂、裂隙与浅部及地表相联系,浅部构造岩石中的地球化学异常能在一定程度上反映深部的矿致异常。因此,以构造地球化学理论为基础,分析黔西南地区成矿地质条件和相应元素组合的迁移和富集规律,对卡林型金矿隐伏矿找矿地球化学弱信息提取的关键环节进行深入剖析,总结构造地球化学弱信息提取方法指标参数,有效提取深部成矿元素沿构造裂隙向上渗滤扩散形成的弱异常,对深部隐伏矿进行初步定位预测。弱信息识别及提取的相关研究成果对丰富黔西南地区卡林型金矿的成矿理论具有一定的学术价值,同时使用该方法在黔西南金矿隐伏矿找矿上能有效圈定并优选找矿靶区,对落实新一轮找矿突破战略行动任务具有积极...     

贵州贞丰水银洞金矿床成矿规律研究

贞丰水银洞金矿床是通过成矿预测发现的以层控型为主、断裂型为辅的复合型隐伏卡林型金矿床。是滇黔桂“金三角”金矿勘查区层控卡林型金矿的典型代表。在概括水银洞金矿床地质特征的基础上,对矿区内典型金矿点构造蚀变体作了初步的研究与分析,并结合前人研究资料,从成矿物质来源、成矿阶段2个方面对矿床成矿规律进行探讨,初步认为水银洞金矿床的成矿物质来源主要为深部的隐伏岩体;矿床可划分为沉积成岩期和构造-热液期2个成矿期。     

卡林型金矿成矿过程水-岩反应实验研究

<正>卡林型金矿因1962年首先在美国内华达州卡林(Carlin)地区发现故命名为卡林型金矿。与其他类型金矿床相比,卡林型金矿有其独特之处:围岩主要为不纯碳酸盐岩或其他细碎屑岩;常含有机质;金粒度一般为显微-次显微级,基本无明金,矿石为浸染状构造;矿石矿物主要为黄铁矿、毒砂、辉锑矿、辰砂、雄黄、雌黄等中低温矿物组合,具Au-As-Sb-Hg等成矿元素组合,为中低温热液成因矿床(刘东升,1994)。在我国,卡林     

滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿多层次构造滑脱成矿系统构建和找矿实践

南盘江—右江成矿区作为中国南方集中产出卡林型金矿的地区,是我国最重要的金资源产地之一。本文通过沉积系统、地层系统、岩石系统、构造系统、年代系统、物质系统、就位系统、动力学系统的研究,拓展了构造蚀变体的内涵,建立其判别指标,明确其既可产出于不整合面之间,亦可在能干性差异大的岩层之间,构建了中国南方卡林型金矿多层次构造滑脱成矿系统,建立了贵州卡林型金矿区域找矿预测综合模型。基于构建的成矿系统和预测模型,开展了区域成矿预测,圈定找矿靶区,进行了理论指导下的找矿实践,实现了贵州卡林型金矿的历史性突破。     

西秦岭地区卡林-类卡林型金矿床及其成矿时间、构造背景和模式

秦岭造山带是世界第二大卡林-类卡林型金矿省,其地质背景与美国西部卡林-类卡林型金矿省明显不同,位于大陆内部的碰撞造山带,而非活动大陆边缘的盆岭省。秦岭卡林-类卡林型金矿主要赋存于板块缝合带及其前陆冲断带的海西-印支构造层中,以泥盆系和三叠系为主,主要岩性为瀉湖-浅海相的含碳细碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩建造,即碳硅泥岩系;成矿元素为Au-As-Sb-Hg-Ag,缺乏T1,共生矿种为Sb,Hg,Ag,U和重晶石等;成矿温度为160～300℃,流体盐度为4％～10％(NaClcq),压力为5～50MPa,深度约0．5～5km,属于中低温中浅成热液矿床,与内华达卡林-类卡林型金矿一致。成矿流体具有建造水特点,C2H6含量较高,显示了有机流体参与成矿。成矿同位素年龄介于220～100Ma之间,以170Ma为高峰,地球动力学背景属碰撞造山过程挤压-伸展转变期的减压增温体制,成矿构造模式为碰撞造山成岩成矿和流体作用模式。陆陆碰撞过程中,沿龙门山、阿坝-黑水-平青、若尔盖-文县、玛曲-勉县-略阳、白龙江、双河-公馆、凤县-镇安、安康等大型断裂带的陆内俯冲作用不仅导致了西秦岭地壳缩短增厚隆升,而且使俯冲板片变质脱水、熔融,派生成矿流体和相关熔体,流体和熔体的上升到仰冲板片次级构造带,形成了卡林-类卡林型和造山型金矿成矿系统。据此提出,西秦岭深部可能存在潜力巨大的造山型金矿省。     

赣西卡林型金矿控矿条件及成矿模式

论述了赣西卡林型金矿与基底地层、地层层位、岩性、构造及岩浆岩的关系，金的迁移富集形成与条件，建立了赣西卡林型金矿的成矿模式。     

贵州水银洞超大型卡林型金矿同位素地球化学特征

贵州水银洞金矿是黔西南地区一个重要的超大型卡林型金矿,也是国内外少见的一个"高品位、大吨位"卡林型金矿。为了探讨矿床的物质来源问题,在前人研究资料的基础上,对矿床各个中段不同矿体的硫化物、碳酸盐矿物进行了系统采样,进行了S、C、O同位素的测试分析。同时对前人所作的放射性同位素Pb研究成果进行了整理分析。研究表明,水银洞金矿的成矿物质来源具有多源性。结合区域成矿地质背景,认为区域上卡林型金矿的物质来源具有壳幔结合的特点。     

黔西南"水银洞式"金矿成因研究

水银洞式金矿受控于上二叠统龙潭组，其沉积环境为同生断裂夹持的泻湖．潮坪．局限台地。矿石宏观及显微组构表现为沉积-成岩特征，硫同位素、稀土元素、金及微量元素组合反映矿石与围岩特征一致，沉积-成岩期是水银洞式金矿主成矿期。     

贵州水银洞金矿矿层矿化分析与深部预测

水银洞金矿为滇黔桂"金三角"最重要的金矿床,是典型的卡林型层控金矿床。运用绘制等高线图和含矿层矿化分布图的方法,对水银洞矿床0~427勘探线的钻孔数据分析,并用surfer软件绘制矿层的顶底板和地层矿化趋势的模拟图,重点分析了含矿地层的构造形态和矿化规律,结果显示:界面等高线反应背斜的形态,水银洞矿区背斜的高点和背斜倾伏端是金矿的主要赋存位置;Sbt(构造蚀变体)与上部龙潭组矿化值有负相关效应;水银洞矿化整体具有不均匀性,Sbt向东南延伸且在东西向具有弱—强—弱的富集规律。Sbt矿化强度在东西向具有弱—强—弱的规律,而龙潭组地层中的矿化与Sbt呈现一定负相关效应,在背斜倾伏端龙潭组矿化度开始增强,预示深部地层可能还会有大规模的工业矿体存在。     

Migration paths and precipitation mechanisms of ore-forming fluids at the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit,Guizhou, China

Shuiyindong is one of the largest and highest grade stratabound Carlin-type gold deposits in China. This paper reports on the results of petrographic studies, electron microprobe analyses (EMPA) of arsenian pyrite, and the mass transfer during mineralization and alteration, and it presents the deposit-scale distributions of Au, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, and trace elements in a representative cross section across the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit, Guizhou Province. The main objectives were to identify the precipitation mechanisms of minerals, or elements from fluids, and the migration paths of ore-forming fluids.Petrographic and EMPA studies indicate that gold in the primary ores is mainly hosted by arsenian pyrite. Mass transfer associated with alteration and mineralization shows that Au, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, and S were significantly added to all mineralized rocks, Fe₂O₃ and SiO₂ were immobile in the main orebodies that are hosted in bioclastic limestone, and CaO, Na₂O, Sr, and Li were removed from country rocks. The relations between Fe and S indicate that the sedimentary rocks at the Shuiyindong deposit contain more iron than is needed to combine with all of their contained sulfur to form pyrite. This suggests that sulfidation and decarbonation were the principal mechanism of gold precipitation at the Shuiyindong deposit. Hg, Sb, and As commonly formed sulfide minerals, such as stibnite, realgar, and orpiment, in late-stage quartz–calcite veins, or absorbed by organic matter in argillite. Fluid cooling presumably led to depositions of stibnite, realgar, and orpiment in late-stage quartz–calcite veins. Organic matter likely served as a reductant in argillite for the ore fluids, causing the precipitation of As, Sb, Hg, and S, as well as Au.Deposit-scale distributions of gold and other relevant elements reflect the passage of fluids through the rocks. Rock strata and structures allowed the ore-forming fluids to migrate horizontally along the unconformity surface of the Middle–Upper Permian, converge on the high position of an anticline, and then ascend into the overlying strata along the anticlinal axis. The distributions of the major and trace elements show that elements that accompanied the ore-forming fluids include Au, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, and S, and that Na₂O and Li were exhausted in the Longtan Formation at the anticlinal core during gold mineralization. The enrichment of Co, Cr, and Ni in the Longtan Formation at the anticlinal core might be associated with deformation that formed the anticline, or with gold mineralization. Different host rocks were preferentially mineralized by different elements. The bioclastic limestone is commonly enriched in Au, whereas the argillite is preferentially enriched in As, Hg, Sb, and Tl. The zonation of ore-forming elements in the deposit appears to be Sb–Tl–As–Hg–Au–Hg–As (from bottom to top). Enrichment of Au, As, Sb, Hg, and Tl provides useful guidance for the exploration for Carlin-type gold deposits in Guizhou. Anomalies of As and Hg in soil or stream sediment might be an important clue and these elements can be used as indicator elements. Ore-forming fluids migrated along the unconformity surface of the Middle–Upper Permian and the anticlinal axis, so these are favorable sites for exploration for Carlin-type gold deposits in Guizhou.     

岩矿显微组构对水银洞金矿成因的指示

黔西南水银洞金矿为产于上二叠统龙潭组中的超大型、高品位金矿床,矿床由多个金矿体组成.工业金矿体顺层产于龙潭组含煤地层所夹的玄武质、硅质、生物碎屑碳酸盐岩中.对水银洞金矿赋矿地层岩石以及矿石显微组构进行了研究,矿石中主要载金矿物为细粒黄铁矿,具再生边、粒内孔隙、铸模孔隙结构及镶边生物矿化构造、铸模式生物矿化构造,是一典型的具沉积一成岩组构.金矿化与硅化有密切的成因联系,金与SiO2来源于峨嵋山玄武岩的喷溢活动,主要金矿体更多显示与峨嵋山玄武岩准同生特征.矿床为沉积一成岩弱改造成囚金矿床.     

Mineralogy and geochemistry of gold-bearing arsenian pyrite from the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit, Guizhou, China: implications for gold depositional processes

Arsenian pyrite in the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit in Guizhou, China, is the major host for gold with 300 to 4,000 ppm Au and 0.65 to 14.1 wt.% As. Electron miroprobe data show a negative correlation of As and S in arsenian pyrite, which is consistent with the substitution of As for S in the pyrite structure. The relatively homogeneous distribution of gold in arsenian pyrite and a positive correlation of As and Au, with Au/As ratios below the solubility limit of gold in arsenian pyrite, suggest that invisible gold is likely present as Au¹⁺ in a structurally bound Au complex in arsenian pyrite. Geochemical modeling using the laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis of fluid inclusions for the major ore forming stage shows that the dominant Au species were Au(HS)₂⁻ (77%) and AuHS_(aq)⁰ (23%). Gold-hydroxyl and Gold-chloride complexes were negligible. The ore fluid was undersaturated with respect to native Au, with a saturation index of −3.8. The predominant As species was H₃AsO₃⁰ _(aq). Pyrite in the Shuiyindong deposit shows chemical zonation with rims richer in As and Au than cores, reflecting the chemical evolution of the ore-bearing fluids. The early ore fluids had relatively high activities of As and Au, to deposit unzoned and zoned arsenian pyrite that host most gold in the deposit. The ore fluids then became depleted in Au and As and formed As-poor pyrite overgrowth rims on gold-bearing arsenian pyrite. Arsenopyrite overgrowth aggregates on arsenian pyrite indicate a late fluid with relatively high activity of As. The lack of evidence of boiling and the low iron content of fluid inclusions in quartz, suggest that iron in arsenian pyrite was most likely derived from dissolution of ferroan minerals in the host rocks, with sulfidation of the dissolved iron by H₂S-rich ore fluids being the most important mechanism of gold deposition in the Shuiyindong Carlin-type deposit.     

贵州省贞丰县水银洞层控特大型金矿成矿条件与成矿模式

上世纪90年代中期通过成矿预测发现的水银洞金矿床,通过近10年的勘查,成为特大型层控金矿床。矿体呈层状、似层状产出于灰家堡背斜轴部附近300m范围内二叠统龙潭组的大孔隙度生物碎屑灰岩中,形态与背斜形态一致。矿体严格受控于碳酸盐岩,顶板和底板皆为粘土岩或粉砂质粘土岩,界线清楚。矿化表现为“硅化、白云石化、黄铁矿化”组合。硅化与白云石化是成矿的先决条件,碳酸盐岩最终能否成矿及品位的高低,取决于是否具有黄铁矿化热液蚀变及其强度。矿床具矿体多、厚度薄、品位富的特点。单矿体即达中型矿床规模。具中—低温超高压热液成矿的特点。金赋存于沿自形黄铁矿内核生长成的含砷黄铁矿环带中。     

水银洞金矿容矿岩石特征及其对金矿床形成作用的讨论

水银洞金矿产于龙潭组煤系地层中,在对该矿床岩、矿石进行系统显微鉴定的基础上,对二叠系龙潭组煤系地层含矿岩系特征及其对该金矿床形成所起的作用进行讨论。     

黑龙江东安金矿床赋矿岩浆岩锆石U-Pb年代学及岩石地球化学特征

东安金矿床是环太平洋成矿域的一处大型低硫型浅成低温热液金矿床,赋存于燕山期碱长花岗岩和中酸性火山岩中。本文通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年,获得赋矿的碱长花岗岩和光华组流纹岩的加权平均年龄分别为183.2±1.3Ma和109.1±1.2Ma,表明碱长花岗岩的侵位年代为早侏罗世,光华组火山岩的喷出时代为早白垩世。在地球化学组成上,东安碱长花岗岩具高硅、高钾和低磷的特征,富集Rb、Th和K,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、P和Ti,属于高分异的I型花岗岩,是太平洋板块俯冲作用的产物。光华组中酸性火山岩富集Rb、Th、U和K,亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti,为太平洋板块俯冲方向发生改变后的岩石圈伸展减薄环境下,镁铁质下地壳部分熔融而形成的。东安金矿床成矿年龄(107~108Ma)与光华组火山岩的成岩年龄在误差范围内一致,表明成矿与成岩作用为同一地质事件,均形成于早白垩世太平洋板块俯冲背景下的拉张构造环境中。结合区内其他浅成低温热液型金矿床的赋矿围岩特征,认为早白垩世陆相火山岩是东北地区寻找浅成低温热液金矿床的有利场所。