华北克拉通南缘大庄铌-稀土矿床碱性岩中榍石的地球化学、U-Pb年龄和Nd同位素特征

位于华北克拉通南缘河南省方城县的大庄铌-稀土矿是近年来新发现的一例具有中型规模的铌-稀土矿床.该矿床赋存于新元古代双山碱性侵入岩中,黑云母正长岩和角闪霞石正长岩是铌-稀土矿的主要赋矿岩石.通过电子探针与LA-ICP-MS等方法对大庄铌-稀土矿碱性岩中的榍石开展了主量、微量元素、U-Pb年代学和微区Nd同位素研究.大庄铌-稀土矿碱性岩中榍石的SiO₂（28.597%~31.169%）、CaO（25.492%~28.949%）、TiO₂（34.126%~38.940%）平均含量明显低于理论值,含有相对较高的F（0.141%~1.086%）、Al₂O₃（1.573%~2.817%）和FeO（0.446%~2.147%）.榍石具有极高的稀土元素总量（∑REE=781.47×10-6~31 766.59×10-6）,球粒陨石标准化稀土配分曲线呈明显的右倾型,轻重稀土分馏明显,样品具有明显的负δEu异常（0.27~0.86）和不明显的δCe异常（0.97~1.22）,Th/U值介于1.40~11.86,暗示大庄铌-稀土矿碱性岩中榍石为岩浆成因榍石,榍石Zr温度计获得大庄碱性岩的形成温度为667~964 ℃,平均为933 ℃.大庄铌-稀土矿碱性岩中的榍石具有极高的Nb和REE含量,表明榍石是大庄铌-稀土矿的重要成矿矿物,铌、稀土等元素是伴随岩浆演化逐步富集的结果.富铌榍石样品获得848±35 Ma、849±22 Ma、843±30 Ma、845±20 Ma、845±24 Ma和849±40 Ma的形成年龄,限定大庄铌-稀土矿化富集的时代为新元古代,与Rodinia超大陆裂解事件相关.榍石具有较为均一的Nd同位素值（ε_Nd（t）=-3.25~-0.66）,表明方城地区霞石正长岩的原始岩浆形成于富金云母的地幔源区.      

河南省方城北碱性岩铌钽矿化及赋存状态

河南省方城北碱性岩从北西-南东主要由宋坟碱性岩体、双山碱性岩体、塔山碱性岩体组成。本次对该碱性岩采用化学分析、人工重砂、电子探针等方法进行了研究,结果表明宋坟和双山碱性岩体内部相霞石正长岩、塔山北霓石正长细晶岩铌含量较高,且从北西-南东向铌含量增高趋势明显;宋坟霞石正长岩含铌矿物为烧绿石,常被磁铁矿包裹;双山霞石正长岩含铌矿物为烧绿石,主要与磁铁矿呈连体分布;塔山北霓石正长细晶岩含铌单矿物主要为铌铁矿,多呈单体解离分布。根据含矿岩体规模大小、铌钽含量高低及含铌矿物分离解体难易程度,建议下步对双山霞石正长岩、塔山北霓石正长细晶岩开展工作,该处有望成为中型铌钽矿产地。     

河南大庄铌稀土矿床褐钇铌矿的发现及其地质意义

大庄铌稀土矿床赋存于双山碱性岩体中。岩石地球化学分析结果表明,岩体中SiO_2含量53.68%～57.80%,Al_2O_3含量19.17%～22.61%,Na_2O+K_2O含量10.95%～16.40%,A/NK比值1.38～1.83,分异指数(DI) 91.23%～96.33%,具有高分异、富硅和富碱特征,是典型的A型花岗岩。少量的霞石伟晶岩脉和晶洞的出现,说明含矿碱性正长岩的形成与岩浆—热液阶段有关。铌矿的富集与萤石、钠长石化密切相关,含矿碱性正长岩比无矿碱性正长岩分异程度高,该矿床属岩浆分异型矿床类型。矿床可利用的独立矿物主要为褐钇铌矿,富含钇族稀土元素,钽的含量较低,具有其独特性。矿石伴生稀土∑REE含量为791.24×10~(-6)～1 831.70×10~(-6),有一定的综合利用价值。     

冀北大滩盆地钾玄岩系列的厘定、岩石成因及与铀成矿关系

大滩盆地位于华北克拉通北缘隆起带和沽源—红山子铀成矿带西南段,盆地内五里营铀矿点赋存在义县期(早白垩世晚期)二长斑岩中。二长斑岩全岩为高钾、富碱、低钛、贫铁,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,无明显Eu负异常,具有碱性系列和钙碱性系列的特征,属典型的钾玄岩系列;[n(⁸⁷Sr)/n(⁸⁶Sr)]_i为0.707290～0.707399(平均值为0.707343),[n(¹⁴³Nd)/n(¹⁴⁴Nd)]_i为0.511849～0.511895(平均值为0.511876),ε_Nd(t)值变化范围是-12.38～-11.49,[n(²⁰⁶Pb)/n(²⁰⁴Pb)]_i为17.236～17.343(平均值17.296),[n(²⁰⁷Pb)/n(²⁰⁴Pb)]_i为15.407～15.428(平均值为15.416),[n(<...     

松树沟元古宙蛇绿岩Nd、Sr、Pb同位素地球化学特征

松树沟蛇绿岩中镁铁质岩的Sm-Nd全岩等时年龄为1030±46Ma,∈_Nd(t)=+5.7,模式年龄在1422-1271Ma之间,矿物的内部等时年龄为983±140Ma。全岩等时年龄为其形成上限,矿物内部等时年龄为其变质年龄,说明该蛇绿岩形成于中元古代中、晚期。镁铁质岩的∈_Nd(t)在+4.2-+6.9之间,是DMM与EMI两个地幔端元的混合产物;²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb在18.06-18.66之间,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值较高,分别在15.55-15.60和37.59-38.38之间,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb对²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb的关系表明,岩浆源于具DUPAL异常的源区,(²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i相对(²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i更偏离NHRL可能是变质流体作用的反映。∈_Sr(t)值较高且变化大,可与蛇绿岩类比,⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值变化大,可能与海水蚀变作用有关。据此推测,松树沟蛇绿岩代表洋壳残片。     

湘东北团山背金矿区辉绿岩脉年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

为确定湘东北团山背金矿区辉绿岩脉的形成时代、岩浆源区特征和形成时的大地构造背景，对采自该区的辉绿岩样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学及Sr、Nd、Pb同位素分析。结果表明，辉绿岩形成于印支晚期(225 Ma),具有低SiO₂(44.56%～45.91%)、高MgO(9.49%～10.60%)及高Mg^#值(66.0～67.5)特征；富集K、Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素，相对弱亏损Ta、Nb、P等高场强元素；轻、重稀土元素分馏较明显(La_N/Yb_N为6.83～8.73),稀土元素配分模式呈右倾的轻稀土元素富集型；微量和稀土元素分布特征与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似。辉绿岩具有高的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i值(0.706 52～0.711 05)和低的ε_Nd(t)值(-1.64～-0.16);(²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_t为38.40...     

新疆伽师砂岩型铜矿床地质及S、Pb同位素地球化学

西南天山新生代山前盆地中的伽师铜矿是新疆近年发现和开发的一个重要的砂岩型铜矿,矿体产于古近系灰白色含岩屑钙质细砂岩中,呈与地层整合的板状、层状。矿石中硫化物主要为辉铜矿,矿体深部出现斑铜矿,极少量黄铁矿、闪锌矿等,硫化物多交代砂岩中胶结物或碎屑颗粒形成胶结结构,矿石发育稀疏浸染状、团块状、结核状等多种构造。矿石的硫同位素δ³⁴S_V-CDT在-33.4‰~-24.6‰之间。矿石的铅同位素组成²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=18.376~18.607、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.612~15.655、 ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=38.475~38.747。铜的硫化物矿化表现为含铜盆地流体(地下水)交代砂岩而沉淀,铜矿体形成于古近系细砂岩成岩晚期,矿石硫来源于细菌还原硫酸盐,矿石铅同位素组成指示成矿金属元素来自沉积盆地周围的蚀源区。     

金坝金矿床地质特征

金坝超微粒型金矿床有30多个矿体,划分6个矿带.矿带NE向展布,带长350~2000m.矿体呈透镜状、似层状、串珠状产出.者桑复背斜控制矿化带的分布,断裂构造为含矿热液提供运移通道,次级构造控制矿体具体储存部位及矿体的形态产状.赋矿层位以上二叠统为主(含5个矿带),还有下中三叠统.容矿岩石有泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩、粉砂质凝灰岩、凝灰岩、泥质白云岩、细碧岩、辉绿岩脉等.矿化类型:地层岩石破碎带蚀变岩型、脉岩破碎蚀变岩型以及石英脉型.围岩蚀变有黄铁矿化、毒砂化、硅化、碳酸盐化等.矿石类型按自然分类为氧化矿石和原生矿石;按岩石类型划分为凝灰岩类矿石,粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩类矿石,泥质白云岩矿石,辉绿岩矿石以及细碧岩矿石.矿石含金品位0.5×10^-6~15.9×10^-6.原生矿石金属矿物有黄铁矿、毒砂、黄铜矿;氧化矿石金属矿物有褐铁矿、臭葱石等;而脉石矿物主要取决于各自的容矿岩石.矿石的化学组成:SiO₂比原岩低,(Fe₂O₃+FeO)高于原岩,富K贫Na.微量元素Au、Ag、As、Sb、Cu高于原岩.矿石为泥质结构、细碎屑结构、凝灰结构、辉绿结构、粒状结晶结构、环边环带结构;碎裂构造、角砾构造、浸染状构造、结核状蜂窝状构造等.金以微包体金的形式赋存于褐铁矿、毒砂、黄铜矿中.     

大兴安岭北段新林地区晚石炭世花岗岩的岩石成因及地质意义

大兴安岭北段新林地区晚古生代花岗岩主要出露在大乌苏和富西里附近，岩性主要为二长花岗岩，另有少量花岗闪长岩。对其中二长花岗岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明，大乌苏和富西里岩体侵位年龄分别为（303.7±2.2）和（300.5±0.5）Ma，均为晚石炭世岩浆活动的产物。花岗岩具有富硅（w（SiO₂）为66.77%~75.85%）、富碱（w（Na₂O+K₂O）为7.41%~8.69%）、高铝（w（Al₂O₃）为12.90%~16.22%），低MgO、CaO、TiO₂的特点，属于钙碱性系列；铝饱和指数（A/CNK）为1.06~1.44，为过铝质岩石；镜下未见原生白云母、堇青石、石榴石等富铝矿物，不同于富铝的S型花岗岩；而w（P₂O₅）与w（SiO₂）负相关，呈I型花岗岩特征；富集LREE和Ba、Rb、K等大离子亲石元素，亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素，与后造山I型花岗岩特征相似，应形成于拉张的构造环境。花岗岩的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr为0.712 938、¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd为0.512 386，（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i值为0.704 4，ε_Nd（t）值为-1.09，T_DM2=1 172 Ma，源区物质主要为中-新元古代从亏损地幔增生的地壳物质。结合区域研究成果，大兴安岭新林地区晚石炭世岩浆侵位活动与额尔古纳-兴安地块和松嫩地块碰撞拼合后岩石圈伸展环境有关。     

鄂尔多斯地块西南缘中元古代玄武安山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

铁马河玄武安山岩位于鄂尔多斯地块西南缘,沿六盘山东麓断裂带出露。岩石发育气孔和杏仁状构造,具有斑状结构—间隐结构,斑晶主要为长条状斜长石和少量蚀变暗色矿物。岩石地球化学呈现富Na₂O、Fe O^T、Al₂O₃,贫Mg O、TiO₂、K₂O的特点,稀土配分曲线为右倾轻稀土富集型,LREE/HREE=6.50～7.01,(La/Yb)_N为5.620.69～0.91。样品[n(⁸⁷Sr)/n(⁸⁶Sr)]_i为～7.14,富集Ba、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素,Nb、Sr和Ti相对亏损,δEu=0.70587～0.70934,ε_Nd(t)介于-6.9-4.8,T_DM为2562～2730～Ma,Nb/Ta(6.60～8.25)低于大陆地壳的平均值,指示了受俯冲流体改造的古老富集地幔参与了岩浆形成。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果显示铁马河...     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义

在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...     

深港西部通道填海区地下水铜、钒、铊、镉、钨迁移的实验研究

填海工程使滨海地区的地下水物理化学条件改变,导致该区域地下水中重金属浓度升高。本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,采用实验室模拟填海条件的办法,初步探讨了影响填海区地下水重金属迁移的关键因素。模拟实验结果表明,填海区地下水中钨元素含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;铜元素含量升高则与淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;钒元素含量升高与地下水淡化和淤泥氧化过程有关,而其他元素含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关。     

Pressure Increases, the Formation of Chromite Seams, and the Development of the Ultramafic Series in the Stillwater Complex, Montana

This paper explores the hypothesis that chromite seams in theStillwater Complex formed in response to periodic increasesin total pressure in the chamber. Total pressure increased becauseof the positive V of nucleation of CO₂ bubbles in the melt andtheir subsequent rise through the magma chamber, during whichthe bubbles increased in volume by a factor of 4–6. Byanalogy with the pressure changes in the summit chambers ofKilauea and Krafla volcanoes, the maximum variation was 0•2–0•25kbar, or 5–10% of the total pressure in the Stillwaterchamber. An evaluation of the likelihood of fountaining andmixing of a new, primitive liquid that entered the chamber withthe somewhat more evolved liquid already in the chamber is basedupon calculations using observed and inferred velocities andflow rates of basaltic magmas moving through volcanic fissures.The calculations indicate that hot, dense magma would have oozed,rather than fountained into the chamber, and early mixing ofthe new and residual magmas that could have resulted in chromitecrystallizing alone did not take place. Mixing was an important process in the Stillwater magma chamber,however. After the new magma in the chamber underwent {smalltilde}5% fractional crystallization, its composition, temperature,and density approached those of the overlying liquid in thechamber and the liquids then mixed. If this process occurredmany times over the course of the development of the Ultramaficseries, a thick column of magma with orthopyroxene on its liquiduswould have been the result. Thus, the sequence of multiple injections,fractionation, and mixing with previously fractionated magmacould have been the mechanism that produced the thick bronzitecumulate layer (the Bronzitite zone) above the cyclic units.