黑龙江省额尔古纳地块构造地球化学特征及地质意义

根据区域化探成果,对黑龙江省额尔古纳地块的4个Ⅲ级构造单元及主要构造的地球化学特征进行了研究。归纳总结了各构造单元的地球化学元素的分布特征,共划分5个异常带。研究表明:构造对元素的分布控制较为明显。通过对4个Ⅲ级构造单元含矿性的对比,发现漠河前陆盆地成矿元素以Au、Sb、Y为主,富克山—兴华变质基底杂岩区成矿元素以Au、Cu、Pb、Zn、Sn、W为主,环宇—新林蛇绿混杂岩带成矿元素以Cu、Zn、Sn、Mo、W为主,塔河—翠岗岩浆弧成矿元素以Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Sn、Mo、W为主。     

广东怀集高凤矿区地球化学特征

对高凤矿区地球化学特征研究表明,高凤矿区金矿床有以下分布规律:1金矿床元素基本组合为Au、As、Pb、Zn、Co,伴生元素为Ag、Bi、Mo、Cu、Sb等,w(Co)/w(Ni)值可作为寻找隐伏含矿带的依据。2高凤矿区两个矿床的微量元素相关组合关系不同,高凤金矿床是以石英脉型矿化为主,微量元素相关组合为Au、As、Bi、Cu、Sb、(Co、Ni);邓屋金矿床是以石英复脉网脉型矿化为主,微量元素相关组合为Au、As、Pb、Zn、Cu、(Co、Ni)。3利用格里戈良法得出高凤矿区垂直分带特征为:矿前晕Pb-Zn-Ag—矿中晕As-Au-Cu-Ni—矿尾晕Bi-Mo-Co。这些地球化学特征为矿区深部和周边地区找矿提供了依据。     

太行山区土岭、石湖金矿区地球化学及其找矿标志

本文讨论了土岭、石湖金矿区与成矿有关的地质体的地球化学特征及其找矿标志。认为该矿区成矿物质—Au具有多源性;As、Sb、Ag、Au、Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni为找矿指示元素;Hg是远程指示元素,而Au则是直接指示元素。指示元素的轴向分带序列为:As—Ag—Sb—Cu—Zn—Au—Pb—Ni—Co,并以此建立了预测矿体埋藏深度关系式:H=38.790As/Co+442.842 LnH=0.0923Ln[(As.Ag.Sb)/(Au.Co.Ni)]+6.3116     

内蒙古巴彦宝力道金矿区物化探综合找矿方法及其应用

巴彦宝力道金矿区位于内蒙古苏尼特左旗,区内发育与金矿化有关的破碎蚀变带和糜棱岩化带。通过研究地质及物化探工作成果,建立本区地球物理、地球化学成矿模式,采用相关分析和"格氏法"等方法,确定了矿床元素轴向分带序列为:As Sb Hg Bi Li Sr Ba Ag Pb Au Cu Zn Sn V Co Cr Ni Ti Mo W,前缘晕元素为As、Sb、Hg、Bi,主成矿元素为Au、Cu、Zn,尾晕元素为Ti、Mo、W。据轴向分带特征,确定金矿体剥蚀程度的判别指标为w(As)×w(Sb)×w(Bi)/w(Ti)×w(Mo)×w(W)。建立了找矿标志,为下一步地质找矿提供了依据。     

甘肃省夏河县甘加贡玛—阿姨山地区水系沉积物地球化学特征

夏河县地区位于中秦岭断褶带西段,观音大庄—力士山断裂带南侧、夏河—合作断裂带中部,属夏河—合作成矿带。通过开展1 ∶ ５万水系沉积物测量工作,并对异常进行查证解释,从区域地质背景和矿区地质特征入手,重点分析了甘加贡玛—阿姨山地区的水系沉积物金异常,表面该区水系沉积物异常分布与构造展布方向一致,金异常对地层的选择性明显;通过对水系沉积物测量中Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、As 、Sb、Hg、Cr、Ni、Sn、W、Mo、Bi等14种元素分析结果进行R型聚类分析和相关性分析,得出区内可选用Au、Cu、Pb、Zn 4种元素作为主成矿元素进行成矿预测。     

新疆昆仑山布喀达坂峰-依吞布拉克一带岩石地球化学特征及元素分布规律

新疆昆仑山东段布喀达坂峰-依吞布拉克一带区域岩石地球化学特征表明：长城系富集W、Pb；奥陶系富集Au；二叠系富集Cu、Zn、Hg、Sb；三叠系富集Zn、Pb、Ag；三叠纪石英斑岩富集Cu、Zn、Hg、Sb．元素区域分布规律表明：与全国高寒山区平均水平相比，工作区相对富集Ba、Hg、Pb、Sn、Mo元素，贫化铁族元素；工作区可分为北、中、南3个地球化学带．北带形成了富集Au、Ag、Sb、Hg、Cu、Zn、Pb、Mo、Mg及铁族元素，贫化Cr、Co、Ni、Li、Be、Bi元素地球化学带；中带富集Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、W、Sn、Mo、U、Th，贫化Hg、Li及铁族元素，形成了有色、稀有稀土、放射性元素地球化学带；南带富集Au、As、Sb、Hg、Cu、Zn，形成了贵重、有色元素地球化学带．石英斑岩富集Cu、Zn、Hg、Sb元素．祁漫塔格带元素组合与斑岩型铜钼矿、层控型Pb、Zn矿和夕卡岩型铁多金属矿床元素组合相似．第四系元素含量均一，不存在元素大面积区域性富集与贫化的物理化学条件．     

奔都-汤满地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿

对奔都-汤满地区16个元素水系沉积物测量地球化学特征研究,贫乏元素有Sn、Bi、Mo、W;正常元素有Pb、Ag、Hg、Au;富集元素有Zn、Cr、Sb、As;强富集的元素有Cu、Ni、Co、Cd。通过各元素时空分布研究,对主要地球化学异常进行推断解释,指出区内蛇绿混杂岩带、冈达概组二段是寻找Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag等多金属矿的有利层位。     

金属元素形成原生晕能力定量评价--以青海省扎家同哪金矿为例

在进行原生晕元素分带研究时,所选元素多未进行筛选,不利于正确认识分带规律及指导矿产预测。本文基于扎家同哪金矿2779个钻孔样品数据,拟通过定量评价不同金属元素在围岩、矿化围岩、矿石等中的富集程度,研究不同元素在矿化过程中形成原生晕的能力差异。研究发现,扎家同哪金矿Au、As、Sb、Hg、W、Ag在围岩、矿化围岩和矿石中富集程度递增,易形成原生晕,Zn仅在矿石中富集,成晕规模有限,Mo、Cu、Pb、Sn富集微弱或表现为亏损,较难形成原生晕;扎家同哪金矿不同位置与成矿有关的富集元素为Au、As、Sb(围岩)—Au、As、Sb、W、Hg(Ag)(矿化围岩)—Au、As、Ag、Sb、W、Hg、Zn(矿石),成矿过程中元素在矿化围岩中富集的权重由大至小为As、Hg、Au、Sb、W、Mo、Sn、Pb、Zn、Cu、Ag,进入围岩能力总体表现为低—高—中温元素递减的趋势。对于扎家同哪金矿,在研究原生晕分带特征、指导进一步找矿时,宜优先选用As、Hg、Au、Sb和W等元素。     

甘肃武都赵家庄地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及评价

赵家庄地区位于南秦岭加里东—印支褶皱带南缘,文县—康县—略阳断裂带北侧,属迭部—武都成矿带东段。笔者从区域地质背景和矿区地质特征入手,重点分析了赵家庄地区的水系沉积物金异常晕,表明该区水系沉积物晕分布与构造展布方向一致,金异常晕对地层的选择性明显;通过对水系沉积物测量中Au、Ag、As、Cu、Zn、Mo、Pb、W、Sb、Bi、Hg等11种元素指标进行R型聚类分析和相关性分析,得出Au和As的相关性最好,Mo与Zn、Bi与Pb相关性密切,Sb、Cu、Ag、相关性较好;而Hg与其它元素相关性不显著。区内可选用Au,As,Mo,Zn 4种元素做为代表性指标进行综合分析成矿预测。     

莫坝-希拉沟地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿

莫坝-希拉沟地区16个元素水系沉积物测量地球化学特征研究表明,贫乏元素有Au、Hg、Mo;正常元素有Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Mn、W、Sn、Bi;富集元素有As、Sb、Ag、Fe、Ni;无强富集的元素。通过各元素空间分布研究,对主要地球化学异常进行推断解释,指出三叠系地层、尤其与喷出岩有关的地区是寻找Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag等多金属矿的有利地区。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.