相山火山盆地邹家山铀矿床温热水分布特征及其找矿意义

以往地质勘查结果表明,相山火山盆地除铀多金属外,还蕴藏着大量的地热及温热水等资源。在分析大量测温资料的基础上,认为矿床的温热水和地温异常场、地下水化学组分有明显的对应关系。区域性基底断裂、火山塌陷构造与地温异常关系密切,地下水的循环是影响地温场的主要因素。矿床温热水成因为大气降水的深循环加热,具带状分布的特征。温热水、地温异常场与铀矿化具空间展布的一致性,构成了"地温法"找矿的地质标志,对铀矿找矿工作起着一定的指导作用。     

广东丰顺十字路矿区矿体特征与找矿潜力

广东丰顺十字路矿区位于莲花山断裂带锡铜多金属矿整装勘查区北部,早白垩世中细粒（黑云母）二长花岗岩与中-上侏罗统热水洞组火山岩的内外接触带上,区内目前共揭露矿体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号3条成矿破碎带,对各成矿破碎带特征进行详细研究发现：金属矿物主要为闪锌矿、方铅矿、锡石、毒砂、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿等,脉石矿物主要为石英、绿泥石、云母等。根据矿床的成矿地质环境和矿体矿化特征,初步认为该矿床为岩浆期后热液裂隙充填交代硫化物型矿床,并对该区找矿潜力进行了分析,为区内下一步找矿工作提供参考。     

新疆准噶尔东北缘蕴都卡拉金铜钴矿床地质特征及前景分析

新疆准噶尔东北缘蕴都卡拉矿床是世界上少见的金铜钴组合,位于新疆阿尔曼太金、铜、铁、铬成矿带,主要赋存于泥盆纪中基性火山岩及后期侵位的石炭系闪长岩中。矿区韧脆性剪切变形强烈,矿化蚀变发育,主要为黄铜矿化、黄铁矿化、碳酸盐化、硅化、蛇纹石化、绿泥石化。矿体主要分布于中泥盆统北塔山组玄武岩和闪长岩中的黄铜矿化—黄铁矿化—硅化带中。矿体呈脉状、似层状和不规则状。矿床处于航磁异常和Au、Cu、Ag、Mo、Cr、Ni、Co等元素组成的化探异常中,异常带呈北西—南东向延伸,对矿床勘查具有较好的指示作用。本文研究了矿床的地质特征,总结了找矿方法,构建了综合找矿模型,提出了进一步找矿方向,以期为矿区进一步勘查提供依据。     

澳大利亚贱金属矿床成矿特征

澳大利亚元古界和古生界层控铅锌矿床与海底喷流—热水沉积与交代,以及火山活动有着密切的成因联系。主要成矿时代为中晚元古代和早古生代,本文着重讨论其超大型铜铅锌矿床的地质特征、成因及找矿评价标志。并对比我国相似铜铅锌矿床类型,探讨我国热水成因铜铅锌矿床的成矿地质特征,提出进一步找矿评价方向。     

黄铁矿热电性在铜矿床深部找矿预测中的应用——以滇中和尚洞铜矿Ⅰ号矿体为例

黄铁矿热电性是矿床学及深部地质找矿的重要研究内容之一,该方法多应用于金矿床的地质勘探,而在铜矿床勘探中应用较少。滇中和尚洞铜矿床属于中高温热液矿床,矿体宏观地质条件差异小,深部找矿难度大,本文对该矿床Ⅰ号矿体开展了黄铁矿热电性特征及深部找矿预测研究。结果表明,该矿床黄铁矿热电系数分布呈现多峰组合,矿体铜矿化强度与黄铁矿P-N型的出现率及离散度等关系密切,尽管1580中段仍存在工业矿体,但Ⅰ号矿体深部延伸相对较小,找矿前景相对较差。研究表明,利用黄铁矿热电系数特征指导铜矿床的深部找矿预测是可行的。     

辽东裂谷硫铁矿矿床内两类磁黄铁矿的特征及其研究意义

磁黄铁矿是辽东硫化物成矿带内主要矿石矿物。在对该矿床成因研究过程中，发现矿床内的磁黄铁矿有两种同质多象变体。通过对两类磁黄铁矿的产状、共生组合、物理化学性质、Ｘ－衍射特征，成矿条件等方面的研究表明它们形成于不同的成矿阶段。其中单斜磁黄铁矿为海底喷气热水沉积成矿作用的产物；而六方磁黄铁矿则是在变质改造作用过程中由黄铁矿转变而成。进而为判断矿床成因，指导找矿提供了依据     

宁芜地区陆相火山-沉积黄铁矿矿床形成的有利条件

宁芜地区属于长江中下游多金属成矿带的中部 ,产有多处黄铁矿矿床 ,一些已达到大型矿床规模。它们形成的地质环境具有显著的火山热水沉积成矿特征。充足的物质来源、巨大的热源、热水系统演化的完整性、成矿盆地极好的封闭性和同沉积期构造发育等 ,为黄铁矿矿床的形成提供了有利条件。     

吉林省和龙市和安河金矿地质特征及找矿标志

本文对和安河金矿地质特征及找矿标志进行了总结.矿体呈脉状、细脉状赋存于燕山期花岗闪长岩中,主要受北北西向断裂构造控制,矿石类型以含金蚀变岩型为主,其次为含金石英脉型.矿石结构以半自形晶—他形晶粒状结构为主;构造主要为浸染状构造.矿床属于中高温热液蚀变矿床,硅化、绿泥石化、黄铁矿化是蚀变矿物找矿标志,土壤测量Au元素异常是地球化学找矿标志.     

甘肃党河南山地区鸡叫沟金矿床成矿特征及成矿模式

通过对鸡叫沟金矿床的成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征、找矿标志及控矿因素等到诸方面分析,指出鸡叫沟金矿床成矿物质主要来源于岩浆岩,矿体主要分布于黑云母花岗闪长岩、超基性角闪石岩岩体与奥陶纪地层的内外接触带上,且受多级断裂裂隙系统控制。矿石类型为石英脉型、蚀变岩型、石英脉＋蚀变岩型,矿化类型主要有黄铁矿化、黄铜矿化、磁黄铁矿化、方铅矿化、毒砂化等。深部岩浆房为矿床形成提供了热动力,矿床成因类型为与岩浆岩有关的低温热液型金矿床,在此基础上,总结归纳了该矿床的成矿模式与综合找矿标志。     

云南墨江金矿热水喷流沉积成岩成矿的地质地球化学证据

在墨江金矿区发现了两个热水喷流沉积旋回，赋矿地层烂山段出露的硅质岩和（黄铁矿）硫化物岩具有低TiO2,Al2O3和富含As,Sb,Au,Ag,Hg含量特征，稀土元素具有总量低，轻稀土总量高于重稀土特征，其球粒陨石标准化模式为向右倾曲线，大多数样品具有负Eu异常；而其北美页岩标准化曲线向左倾，在SiO2-Al2O3,Al-Fe-Mn和Al2O3-TFeO-CaO等地球化学图解上，大多数样品位于热水沉积区，当样品中含有火山角砾成分时偏离热水沉积区，研究表明硅质岩和（黄铁矿）硫化物岩主要由热水喷流沉积形成的，再结合矿床地质特征，认为墨江金矿存在早期热水喷流沉积成岩成矿作用，形成了矿化或低品位矿石，并可能与下伏火山喷发有关，这为墨江金矿的成因研究和进一步找矿开辟新的思路。     

秦岭泥盆系热水沉积岩中主要矿物的标型特征

秦岭泥盆系中广泛发育一套与成套有关的热水沉积岩，其主要矿物成分为钠长石、石英、含铁白云石、电气石及重晶石等。本文主要是通过不同方法来研究各种矿物的标型特征，这些特征均反映了矿物及其所赋存的岩石和矿床是由热水沉积作用形成的，并为进一步研究热水沉积岩和热水成矿作用提供了重要的矿物学依据。     

Multi-stage pyrite and hydrothermal mineral assemblage of the Hatu gold district (west Junggar,Xinjiang, NW China): Implications for metallogenic evolution

The Hatu, Qi-III, and Qi-V gold deposits in the Hatu–Baobei volcanic–sedimentary basin (west Junggar, Xinjiang) represent the proximal, middle, and distal parts of the Hatu gold district, respectively. Orebodies of these deposits mainly consist of Au-bearing quartz veins and altered host rocks with disseminated sulfide minerals. Six types of pyrite in these mines are studied here to illustrate ore-formation processes. Sedimentary pyrite, including framboidal and fine-grained pyrite, occurs in mudstone-bearing sedimentary rocks or altered volcanic–sedimentary rocks. Framboidal pyrite formed during redox changes in sedimentary layers. Hydrothermal pyrite contains five subgroups, from Py1 to Py5. Porous Py1 formed prior to gold mineralization, and is overgrown by Py2 that contains inclusions of sulfide minerals and native gold. Coarser Py3 coexists with arsenopyrite and native gold, and contains the greatest As concentrations. Gold and antimony are also preferentially concentrated in arsenian Py2 and Py3. The Au–As-deficient Py4 and Py5 formed during the post-ore process. There is a negative correlation between the As and S contents in Py1, Py2, and Py3, implying the substitution of sulfur by arsenic. Gold precipitated under relatively reducing condition in framboid- and graphite-bearing tuffaceous rocks. Cesium, Rb, Sr, La, Ce, Au, As, Sb, Cu, and Pb are concentrated in altered host rocks. The Au-bearing quartz veins and disseminated sulfide mineral orebodies were formed via a co-genetic hydrothermal fluid and formed during different stages. The variation of fO₂ during fluid/rock interactions, and crystallization of arsenian pyrite were major factors that controlled gold precipitation.     

万山汞矿区汞质沉积成因研究

万山汞矿是典型的层控矿床,属沉积改造成因。矿质主要来自围岩。从寒武纪初至寒武纪末,形成了一个完整的沉积成矿系列,即形成磷、镍、钒、银、钾、汞、铅、锌、金等的沉积或沉积改造矿床。不仅在沉积岩中,而且在一些典型的沉积矿物、生物化石、生物礁中都有高丰度的汞、铅、锌、砷、锑,在三叶虫化石中含汞最高达100ppm。从矿物的结构构造特征方面也可找到沉积汞的证据,典型的沉积辰砂与热液辰砂大有区别,并发现极少数微粒辰砂赋存在透镜状褐铁矿结核的中心。各方面的资料说明,沉积岩中分散状态的汞质是沉积成因的。     

Metal source of gold deposits in the Jiaoxibei area,Eastern China: Insights from trace element analysis of gold and pyrite

The metal source of gold deposits in the Jiaoxibei area, eastern China, has been investigated by many researchers, but no consensus has been reached so far. In this study, three typical gold deposits, the Xinli, Jiaojia, and Dayingezhuang deposits, were selected for trace element analysis of gold and pyrite to constrain the metal source. Pyrite from these three deposits has similar morphological and compositional characteristics, and can be divided into three types: Py1 with euhedral to subhedral textures, Py2 with subhedral to anhedral textures with micro-fractures, and Py3 with subhedral to anhedral textures and intergrowing polymetallic sulfides. Among them, Py2 and Py3 were formed in the main ore-forming stage and they are the dominant host minerals of visible gold. In these deposits, visible gold occurs mainly in micro-fractures or as inclusions in Py2 and Py3. Most of the pyrite has extremely low concentration of invisible gold, indicating that visible gold in the Jiaoxibei district is not a product of the remobilization of invisible gold from earlier pyrite. Both Py2 and Py3 are characterized by low Co concentration of <100 ppm and Co/Ni ratio of <1, which are similar to those of pyrite in sedimentary rocks. Therefore, ore-forming metals of these gold deposits in the Jiaoxibei district may originate mainly from a sediment-related metal source.     

Participation of hydrothermal fluids in the formation of deposits of the proterozoic Udokan-Chineysky ore system

Numerous Cu deposits of the Udokan-Chineysky ore district (Udokan deposit of cupriferous sandstones, deposits of the Chineysky pluton, etc.), which occur in sedimentary and igneous rocks, are similar in many genetic features. One of these features is the similar parameters of fluid inclusions (hydrothermal fluids) in quartz of the Udokan deposit, rich chalcopyrite ores from the Rudnyi (Rudnyie deposit, and veins of the Pravoingamakitsky deposit studied previously. Fluid inclusions have the same range of high salinity and homogenization temperatures. These studies combined with geological data allow us to consider the formation of contact sulfide ores from the Chineisky pluton and Pravoingamakitsky and Udokan deposits as a common compound fluid-magmatic ore-generating system. The sedimentary rocks primarily enriched in chalcopyrite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite of the entire section of the Udokan complex served as the host media for the hydrothermal fluids and deposits of various scales.     

Evidence for a magmatic origin for Carlin-type gold deposits: isotopic composition of sulfur in the Betze-Post-Screamer Deposit, Nevada, USA

We report here new sulfur isotope analyses from the Betze-Post-Screamer deposit, the largest Carlin-type gold deposit in the world. Carlin-type deposits contain high concentrations of arsenic, antimony, mercury, tellurium and other elements of environmental interest, and are surrounded by large volumes of crust in which these elements are also enriched. Uncertainty about the source of sulfur and metals in and around Carlin-type deposits has hampered formulation of models for their origin, which are needed for improved mineral exploration and environmental assessment. Previous studies have concluded that most Carlin-type deposits formed from sulfide sulfur that is largely of sedimentary origin. Most of these studies are based on analyses of mineral separates consisting of pre-ore diagenetic pyrite with thin overgrowths of ore-related arsenian pyrite rather than pure, ore-related pyrite. Our SIMS spot analyses of ore-related pyrite overgrowths in the Screamer zone of the Betze-Post-Screamer deposit yield δ³⁴S values of about −1 to 4‰ with one value of about 7‰. Conventional analyses of realgar and orpiment separates from throughout the deposit yield δ³⁴S values of about 5–7‰ with one value of 10‰ in the Screamer zone. These results, along with results from an earlier SIMS study in the Post zone of the deposit and phase equilibrium constraints, indicate that early arsenian pyrite were formed from fluids of magmatic origin with variable contamination from sulfur in Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. Later arsenic sulfides were formed from solutions to which sulfur of sedimentary origin had been added. The presence of Paleozoic sedimentary sulfur in Carlin-type deposits does not require direct involvement of hydrothermal solutions of sedimentary origin. Instead, it could have been added by magmatic assimilation of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks or by hydrothermal leaching of sulfur from wall rocks to the deposit. Thus, the dominant process delivering sulfur, arsenic, gold and mineralizing fluids to Carlin-type systems and their surrounding country rocks was probably separation of fluids from a magmatic source. Editorial handling: G. Beaudoin     

甘肃西和县大桥金矿床的成因研究

大桥金矿床位于岷县北-宕昌北大断裂与窑上-石峡大断裂之间.金矿化严格受三叠系下部建造层下岩性段(Ta-1)硅质角砾岩的控制.硅质角砾岩呈层状产出,层位稳定.矿石为有机质含量高并具有黄铁矿化的硅质角砾岩,其黄铁矿环带发育.硅质角砾岩和纹层状硅质岩在稀土元素配分图上未表现出热水沉积的特征,其Fe/Ti-Al/(Al+ Fe...     

西秦岭地区金矿类型及其成矿作用

西秦岭地区是中国最重要的金矿矿集区之一,除产出少数夕卡岩型金矿床外,几乎所有的其他金矿床都可归并为造山型、卡林型和类卡林型3种类型。研究表明,西秦岭地区中生代花岗岩主要形成于中晚三叠世,而金矿成矿主要集中在晚三叠世,它们都是华北板块与华南板块碰撞导致的秦岭造山作用的产物。西秦岭地区造山型金矿床主要赋存在泥盆系和石炭系一套复杂的构造变形和区域变质的绿片岩相岩中,主要受北西西向脆韧性剪切带控制,成矿元素组合主要为Au-Ag。矿石中含有大量显微自然金、银金矿,明金可见。成矿流体主要为变质流体。由造山作用引起的强烈构造运动为成矿流体提供了运移通道,为矿质沉淀提供了有利的场所。虽然一些造山型金矿床与中酸性岩体相邻,但矿化与岩浆活动不具直接的成因关系。西秦岭地区卡林型金矿床主要产于轻微变质的寒武系至三叠系沉积岩中,明显受地层、岩性和构造控制。金矿床中的金以超显微金和存在于含砷黄铁矿与毒砂晶格中的固溶体金为主。成矿元素组合为Au-As-Hg-Sb-Ba。成矿流体由早期形成的地层水被后期大气降水补给活化形成,也有部分岩浆水或变质水的加入。在伸展背景下大气降水通过循环演化形成了较浅层次的流体系统,导致Au等成矿元素发生沉淀而形成浸染状矿石。西秦岭地区类卡林型金矿床主要产于浅变质沉积岩建造中,受脆韧性剪切带的控制,并形成于花岗岩岩体附近。与造山型、卡林型金矿床最大的不同之处在于,类卡林型金矿床的形成与同时期的岩浆活动有密切的成因关系。矿石中存在显微自然金,载金矿物主要为黄铁矿、含砷黄铁矿和碲化物。成矿热液主要是岩浆水与变质水、建造水的混合流体。与造山型金矿床类似,流体不混溶导致类卡林型金矿床的形成。     

黄铁矿晶胞参数计算及某些杂质含量分布特征

本文以我国不同成因黄铁矿的微量元素分析、晶胞参数以及其他物理性质为基础,得出含钴镍黄铁矿的晶胞参数公式:a=5.4175+0.00124X+0.00271Y(X和Y分别代表CoS_2、NiS_2的摩尔百分数)。本文也考虑了As置换对黄铁矿晶胞参数的影响。根据我国207个黄铁矿的不同成因和化学分析结果,可以将它们分别归于16种矿床类型,其中钴黄铁矿仅产于沉积变质似层状铜矿床、沉积变质富铁矿中铜钴硫化物矿床以及某些富钴矽卡岩铁矿。指出与不同岩体(如S型。I型)有关的黄铁矿,以及不同变质作用(如有深部热卤水参与的沉积变质、区域变质)、火山作用有关的黄铁矿杂质元素标型特征的差异,并指出Se含量与S/Se对于区分岩浆热液矿床与沉积岩、层控Pb-Zn矿、卡林型金矿的意义。     

冀东地区元古宙多金属硫铁矿矿床地质及其成矿作用

通过对冀东地区元古宙多金属硫铁矿床成矿构造环境背景、喷气沉积岩地球化学以及矿床中大量矿化嗜热微生物的发现与研究 ,以及采用分子生物学对沉积记录中的生物标志物的研究。得知冀东地区多金属硫铁矿的形成主要由海底喷气沉积与嗜热微生物富集成矿作用所致。运用海底喷气成矿热流体活动 嗜热微生物吸附与新陈代谢 多金属硫铁矿床形成的成矿理论 ,指导该区硫铁矿找矿工作已见成效。