我国锡矿床的同位素地球化学的研究

总结了我国主要锡矿床的钾－氢、铷－锶和铀－铅同位素年代学和铅、硫、氢、氧等稳定同位素地球化学规律，提出燕山晚期成锡最佳，次是燕山早期和海西印支期；锡矿成矿硫源具有岩浆和岩浆与地层混合两种来源；锡矿成矿流体有５种类型，铅同位素的线性关系能指导评价锡矿床。     

安徽铜陵地区块状硫-铁-金矿床的铅同位素特征

笔者测定和解释了安徽铜陵地区赋存于中、上石炭统中的块状硫-铁-金矿床矿石铅和与成矿关系密切的闪长岩体长石铅以及该地层(围岩)全岩铅等的同位素比值及变化特征;通过这些地质体铅同位素特征的对比,提出该地区这种矿床的成矿物质来源于地层;同时通过同一矿床不同矿化类型矿石铅同位素的测定,表明不同矿化类型具有明显不同的铅同位素特征,显示出铅同位素方法利用在矿产勘探中的潜力。     

四川底苏,大梁子铅锌矿床同位素地球化学特征及成矿物质来源探讨

本文通过底苏和大梁子铅锌矿床硫铅及氢氧同位素，认为同生沉积成岩成矿阶段矿石硫来源于赋矿围岩或同生沉积成岩成矿阶段矿层，矿石铅主要来源于矿区地层，改造热液中的水主要来自大气降水，成矿热液属大气降水含热液。     

滇东黔西主要层控锑汞矿床稳定同位素研究

本文根据采自滇东黔西地区10余个主要层控锑汞矿床的119件稳定同位素资料讨论了该区硫、铅、氢氧同位素特征与层控锑汞矿床成因有关的一系列问题(诸如成矿物质来源、矿源层形成环境、成矿介质水的来源以及成矿时代等),并得出了几点初步的认识。     

贵州独山巴年锑矿床硫、铅同位素特征及其对成矿物质来源的指示

贵州独山巴年锑矿床是华南锑矿带代表性锑矿床之一。矿体赋存于中泥盆统独山组地层之中。本文对该矿床辉锑矿的硫、铅同位素组成进行了系统分析。结果表明,辉锑矿的δ34S值变化范围为-5.4‰～-1.2‰,平均-4.2‰,计算获得成矿流体中总硫的δ34SΣS=0.1‰,显示岩浆来源硫的同位素特征。辉锑矿铅同位素组成变化范围较窄:206Pb/204Pb为18.561～19.156,平均18.813;207Pb/204Pb为15.703～15.769,平均15.734;208Pb/204Pb为38.573～39.207,平均38.906。绝大多数样品中矿石铅为正常铅,具有华南区域性铅同位素组成特征。我们认为巴年锑矿床成矿金属元素锑除主要来源于赋矿围岩泥盆系外,基底地层也可能提供了部分成矿物质。     

湘中锡矿山式锑矿成矿物质来源探讨

本文从地层含矿性，同岩浆活动的关系及同位素组成特征等几个方面进行分析，以阐明湘中锡矿山式锑矿成矿物质来源于构造岩浆活化作用形成的区域性深部上升流体，虽然赋矿层位相对集中，但不存在明显的锑矿源层，铅同位素研究表明矿石铅来源于深部均化条件下的铅同位素演化系统，与围岩地层铅同位素明显不同，硫同位素显示矿石硫为均一化程度较高的混合深源硫，包裹体水氢，氧同位素组成介于大气降水与初生水之间，为混合水类型。     

西成铅锌矿田硫,铅同位素地球化学研究

本文系统地介绍了西成铅锌矿田内地层、岩体和矿石的硫、铅同位素地球化学特征,结果表明铅锌矿床的成矿物质来自于区域基底地层,而不是泥盆纪地层,但泥盆纪地层对成矿具有时控和层控意义.同时,硫、铅同位素可用于划分矿床成因类型.     

贵州独山锑矿床成矿物质来源研究

对独山锑矿床的微量元素和稳定同位素以及矿物包裹体的研究表明：含矿层（中下泥盆统）中成矿元素含量很高，构成了重要的矿源层；硫来自含矿层；有机炭在成矿中起了重要作用；成矿流体中的水应主要为大气降水；铅主要来自泥盆系围岩。因此认为，成矿物质应主要来源于地层，矿床的形成是地下水环流热液强改造成矿作用的结果。     

康滇地轴东缘铅锌矿床铅硫同位素地球化学研究

康滇地轴东缘不同时代碳酸盐地层中铅锌矿床的铅同位素研究表明,其＾２０７Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ与＾２０８Ｐｂ／＾２０４Ｐｂ呈良好线性关系,＾２０７Ｐｂ／＾２０６Ｐｂ和＾２０８Ｐｂ／＾２０６Ｐｂ为一常数。结合对本区床的稀土元素及成矿流体地球化学的研究,判定不同层位铅锌矿床是在同一个成矿体系同时形成的,一次成矿,其成矿年龄为２４５Ｍａ;同时说明不同矿床成矿金属有相同的来源,主要来自上地幔。成矿硫以来自地层中     

山东省栖霞地区金矿稳定同位素特征及其地质意义

本文研究了栖霞地区金矿床的硫、氧、铅等稳定同位素组成特征，指出区内金矿的成矿物质主要来源于胶东群地层，成矿热液是以变质热液为主、有岩浆热液和大气降水参与的沸合热液；成矿温度在160℃－305℃范围内，属中低温热液矿床。金矿床的铅－铅模式年龄为800.1-1200.88Ma。     

福建省层控铅锌矿床地质地球化学特征

作者按照涂光炽教授的分类将福建省层控铅锌矿床划分为4种类型。本文对它们的地质特征、微量元素和硫、铅同位素组成的特征作了较详细的阐述,对矿床的矿质来源作了初步的探讨。     

阿尔金山阿北银铅矿控矿构造特征与矿床成因初探

阿北银铅矿位于新疆若羌县境内,是阿尔金山东段地区近年来新发现的中型多金属矿床之一,在区域构造上位于NE向阿尔金走滑断裂北侧与EW向阿尔金北缘断裂所夹持的区域。该矿区的控矿构造出露于早古生代二长花岗岩中,是叠加在韧性变形基础上发育起来的韧脆性断裂破碎带,在平面和剖面上均表现为弧形裂隙夹透镜状花岗岩岩块的结构特点。韧脆性断裂破碎带是阿北银铅矿重要的控矿构造,其形态、规模、产状和分布控制着矿体的形态、规模、产状和分布。硫同位素组成特征显示出硫源很可能是海相沉积岩来源的硫与岩浆岩来源硫的混合;铅同位素组成显示其来源于上地壳;氢、氧同位素特点反映出成矿流体以岩浆水为主,并有少量大气降水混入。结合构造演化和构造控矿特征进行分析,认为该矿床是受韧脆性裂隙控制的、与早古生代中-晚期红柳沟-拉配泉弧后盆地封闭碰撞作用伴生的中-酸性岩浆活动有关的岩浆热液型矿床。     

震旦纪地层黄铁矿硫同位素组成时－空变化特征及扬子地块与晚元古超大陆关系的论证

扬子地区早震旦世时期沉积岩黄铁矿具有重的硫同位素组成,其δ¹⁴S值从早震旦世椿木组地层的24‰左右逐渐变得更正。在早震旦世扬子地区广泛沉积碳酸锰矿和黑色页岩的民乐组时期达到极正值+60‰,然后又降低至+16‰-+20‰。上述硫同位素组成的时-空变化特征支持了扬子地块属晚元古Rodinia超大陆的一个组成部分的假设。从晚震旦世早期陡山沱组底部开始,沉积岩中黄铁矿硫同位素的δ¹⁴SS出现负值,并继续降低至-27‰以下。早震旦世晚期-晚震旦世早期沉积岩中硫同位素组成特征反映了沉积盆地古海洋环境的剧烈变化,它与大约7亿年时Rodinia超大陆的解体以及扬子地块与其它大陆分离的地质推测相吻合。     

震旦纪地层黄铁矿硫同位素组成时－空变化特征及扬子地块与晚元古超大陆关系的论证

 扬子地区早震旦世时期沉积岩黄铁矿具有重的硫同位素组成,其δ¹⁴S值从早震旦世椿木组地层的24‰左右逐渐变得更正。在早震旦世扬子地区广泛沉积碳酸锰矿和黑色页岩的民乐组时期达到极正值+60‰,然后又降低至+16‰-+20‰。上述硫同位素组成的时-空变化特征支持了扬子地块属晚元古Rodinia超大陆的一个组成部分的假设。从晚震旦世早期陡山沱组底部开始,沉积岩中黄铁矿硫同位素的δ¹⁴SS出现负值,并继续降低至-27‰以下。早震旦世晚期-晚震旦世早期沉积岩中硫同位素组成特征反映了沉积盆地古海洋环境的剧烈变化,它与大约7亿年时Rodinia超大陆的解体以及扬子地块与其它大陆分离的地质推测相吻合。     

湖南省桃江-城步断裂带北东段锑矿成矿规律及找矿模型

桃江-城步断裂带是湘中"拗拉槽"中主要复活断裂之一,由于多期复活,因此具有规模大、切割深、控岩控矿明显的特点,为湘中地区重要的控矿断裂带.北东段即指南西自安化廖家坪,北东至桃江板溪的走向长度约40 km的地段,该段主要切割了雪峰期及加里东期两个构造层,并有中-大型规模脉状锑矿产出,而正是这些脉状锑矿逐渐改变湘中锑矿储量的比例,通过对该锑矿类型、特征、控矿构造组合型式、锑矿成矿规律、成矿-找矿模型的研究,提出了新的认识,并根据所建模型预测了大福坪锑矿和廖家坪金矿,经验证分别达到了中型及大型规模.     

新疆北部中——大型金、铜矿床的基本成矿特征

通过对新疆北部10多个中－大型金、铜矿床的对比研究，探讨了其含矿建造及其岩石化学成分，将这些中－大型金、铜矿床概括为块状硫化物型铜－多金属－金矿系列、浅成低温热液型金矿系列、铜镍硫化物型矿床系列、与韧性剪切带有关的构造蚀变岩型金矿系列、与夕卡岩有关的铜（钼）矿床系列等5个成矿系列类型、并指出本区金、铜矿床存在“一代，双峰”和“集中成矿，分片富集”的时空分布特点；在探讨有关典型矿床的硫同位素、铅同位素、稀土元素地球化学特征的基础上，阐述了本区中－大型金、铜矿床具有明显的多成矿物质来源和多成矿阶段等基本特性；最后建立了本区中－大型金、铜矿床的区域成矿模式。     

江西广丰杨村超大型滑石矿床成因探讨

江西广丰杨村滑石矿储量达上亿吨,是世界上超大型滑石矿床之一。矿石主要由鲕粒状滑石组成,含少量石英和碳酸盐矿物及浸染状有机质,具有典型的沉积鲕粒状结构;赋矿围岩白云岩硅化较强烈。研究结果表明,白云岩与滑石矿页岩标准化稀土元素分配模式基本一致,重稀土元素相对轻稀土元素弱富集,稀土元素总量低,弱负铈异常,并且它们具有相同的87Sr/86Sr比值(0.7092~0.7101),白云岩的δ13CV-PDB值变化范围在-4.9‰~+0.7‰之间,与同期海水大体一致。这些地球化学特征暗示了滑石矿和白云岩具有相同的物质来源,滑石成矿所需的镁可能来源于海水。部分样品显示正铕异常,且白云岩中δ18OV-SMOW值(+14.5‰~+19.7‰)较同期海水偏低,87Sr/86Sr比值比同期海水稍高,暗示成矿物质并非由海水单一提供,可能还有高87Sr/86Sr比值、富硅的热液提供了成矿所需的硅。综合滑石和白云岩岩相学和地球化学特征,认为江西广丰杨村滑石矿为同生热水沉积成因,滑石中镁来源于富镁海水,硅来源于海水下渗淋滤古老硅铝质地层形成的富硅、高87Sr/86Sr比值的热液,海水中镁与热液中硅结合形成滑石。滑石矿在经历了同生沉积-热液期之后,又受到了后期强烈的变质变形作用的叠加,形成了具片理构造的滑石片岩。     

The genesis of Pb‐Zn sulphide occurrences in the Lower Devonian Buchan Group,Victoria

Six minor sulphide occurrences hosted by the Lower Devonian Buchan Group have been investigated. Sulphide minerals and associated phases are hosted by both dolostone and limestone lithologies along stylolitized bedding planes, cross‐cutting fractures, low angle minor faults and in cavities. Mineralization was closely associated with minor structures of inferred Tabberabberan age (Middle Devonian), which it appears to have post‐dated, but was largely strata‐bound in nature. The mineralogy of the occurrences is simple and characterized by the following generalized paragenesis which reflects the increasing oxidation state and pH of the mineralizing fluids: pyrite (pseudomorphous after marcasite)‐galena ± sphalerite ± pyrite‐dolomite ± barite‐calcite ± fluorite ± dolomite.

The sulphur isotope composition of sulphide minerals varies from ‐32.1 to +4.1‰, with iron and base metal sulphide minerals forming two distinct populations around ‐25‰ and 0‰, respectively. A single barite sample gives a sulphur isotope composition of +22.4‰, which is similar to that estimated for Early Devonian seawater. Fluid inclusions in fluorite and calcite homogenize at temperatures in the range 160 to 212° C and have average salinities of approximately 10 wt% NaCI eq. Sphalerite contains up to 1.81 wt% iron which correlates with colour, and up to 1.43 wt% cadmium. The Pb isotopic pattern of galena suggests a source region with U/Pb(= μ) lower than the crustal average, and a high Th/U.

A genetic hypothesis is proposed which involves the circulation of saline fluids through the Snowy River Volcanics, which directly underlie the Buchan Group, during or at some time after the Tabberabberan Orogeny. Although the Buchan occurrences show features characteristic of both Mississippi Valley‐type and stratiform ore deposits, they are most directly comparable to the epigenetic zones of Irish carbonate‐hosted base‐metal deposits. However, Pb‐Zn sulphide mineralization at Buchan appears to have been associated with minor compressional structures, suggesting that a simple correlation with the Irish deposits is not directly applicable.     

Sulphur- and lead-isotope geochemistry of the Arapuçandere lead–zinc–copper deposit,Biga Peninsula,northwest Turkey

The Arapuçandere Pb–Zn–Cu ore body is a typical vein-type lead–zinc deposit of the Biga Peninsula, and is currently being mined for lead and zinc. In the study area, Permian–Triassic metamorphic rocks, Triassic metaclastic and metabasic rocks, Oligocene–Miocene granitoids, Miocene volcanic rocks, and Quaternary terrigenous sediments crop out. The ore deposits developed as Pb–Zn–Cu-bearing veins along faults in Triassic metasandstone and metadiabase. Microscopic studies reveal that the veins contain galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, marcasite, covellite, and specular hematite as ore minerals, and quartz, calcite, and barite as gangue minerals. Analysed sulphur-isotope compositions (δ³⁴S_VCDT) of galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite range from ? 5.9 to ? 1.9‰ (average ? 3.4‰), from ? 5.5 to ? 1.7‰ (average ? 4.2 ‰), and from ? 3.5 to ? 0.9‰ (average ? 2.6‰), respectively; that of H₂S in the hydrothermal fluid was in the calculated range of ? 5.8 to +0.1‰ (average ? 2.5‰). These isotopic values suggest that magmatic sulphur dominates in sulphides, mixed with minor, isotopically light sulphur. Because no contemporaneous magmatic activity is associated with mineralization, it may be assumed that sulphur was leached from the surrounding Triassic units, mainly from metabasic, partly from metaclastic rocks. Lead-isotope studies indicate a model age of 114–63 Ma for the lead reservoir, in accord with possible sulphur-bearing local source rocks. Thus, the sulphur and lead deposited in the studied ore veins were probably leached from Triassic metabasic and metaclastic rocks some time during the Early Cretaceous to the Palaeocene.     

Geochemistry of gold deposits in West Hunan and East Guangxi,China

Six kinds of element association in the gold deposits in the studied region are distinguished: (1) tungsten-antimony-gold; (2) tungsten-gold; (3) antimonygold; (4) lead-zinc-silver-gold; (5) uranium-silver-gold; and (6) simple gold. The present paper deals with the distribution, source, mineralization, migration and accumulation of gold. The results show that all ore-controlling strata or source beds related to the gold deposits have high background levels of gold; the gold and other ore-forming elements associated are obviously derived from the country rocks. The mineralization of gold is related chiefly to regional metamorphism or alkali-metasomatism. In response to metamorphism of ore-controlling strata, gold was removed into solutions, and then transported and deposited in some parts of the ore-controlling strata. The main form of gold carried in the solutions was Na[Au(HS)₂]. Native gold or electrum were precipitated from the ore solutions and concentrated into ore deposits with the decrease ofT, pH andfo ₂.