邛莫金矿床中的硒辉锑矿

硒辉锑矿产于西秦岭邛莫金矿床中。与其共生的矿物有灰硒汞矿、灰硒铝矿、硒锑矿、硒块硫锑铜矿、硒镍矿、自然金以及石英、重晶石等。该矿物显微硬度VHN50＝68．25～128．0kg／mm2,平均101．26kg／mm2,相当于摩氏硬度3．15、30个测点的电子探针分析结果（％）：Sb57．75～66．79（平均63．25）,S11．86～21．62（平均17．30）,Se12．82～29．12（平均19．27）,据其平均值计算的化学分子式为：Sb1．99（S2．07,Se0．93）3．00,简写式为Sb2（S,Se）3。代表性的反射率（％）：（470nm）Rα’＝45．33,Rγ’＝31．03;（550nm）Rα’＝46．75,Rγ’＝33．63;（590nm）Rα’＝46．06,Rγ’＝：33．50;（650nm）Rα’＝45．18,Rγ’＝31．49。对两个Se含量仅达3％～5％的辉锑矿粉晶分析所得晶胞参数值为：a＝1．1209～1,1212nm,b=1．1299～1,1303nm,c＝0．3847～0,3849nm。与辉锑矿相比十分相似。     

南秦岭大型钡成矿带中硫钒铜矿的特征及成因意义

在南秦岭下寒武统硅岩建造中的毒重石-重晶石矿床中,产出大量硫钒铜矿.硫钒铜矿呈正方形,长方形及不规则状,粒度大小变化较大,一般为0.01 mm～1 mm,最大可达7 mm.反光显微镜下为淡柠檬黄色,显微硬度134.5 kg/mm2～139.8 kg/mm2,相当于摩氏硬度3.46～3.50.主要化学成分为:Cu 47.18～52.02(平均50.44),V 6.50～14.32(平均11.95),Sn 0.00～12.85(平均2.15),S 31.77～34.34(平均33.29),As 0.00～5.12(平均0.86).Fe 0.00～3.27(平均0.77),部分样品含有极少量的Fe,Ni,Co,Sb,Se,Te,In.相应的平均化学分子式为Cu3.04(V0.90,Sn0.07,Fe0.05,As0.04,Sb0.01)1.07(S3.98,Se0.02)4.00,简化式为:Cu3(V,Sn,As,Fe)S4.矿物为等轴晶系.晶胞参数值a=0.539 2nm.成矿带中硫钒铜矿的形成与钒的富集,与有机质演化受热和生物降解作用有密切联系.     

自然界中的辉锑矿-硒锑矿矿物系列

自然界中的辉锑矿-硒锑矿系列发现于西秦岭寒武系拉尔玛、邛莫金矿床中。与其密切共生的矿物有硒汞矿、硒铅矿、硒质块硫锑铜矿、硒镍矿、自然金以及石英、重晶石等。辉锑矿–硒锑矿系列的显微压力硬度为101.26~103 kg/mm²。主要元素的质量分数为: Sb 43.78%~73.81%,S 0.00%~28.76%,Se 0.00%~49.72%(但缺乏30.59%~43.04%之间的数据)。根据电子探针分析数据中Se/(S+Se)比值(原子比),可将所测矿物系列划分为(含硒质)辉锑矿、硒质辉锑矿、硫质硒锑矿和(含硫质)硒锑矿。矿物系列代表性的反射率(%)：(470 nm)Rg’=42.62~47.62,Rp’=30.83~40.55;(550 nm)Rg’=41.84~46.75,Rp’=31.48~38.85;(590 nm)Rg’=42.25~46.63,Rp’=30.73~39.46;(650 nm)Rg’=43.30~46.48,Rp’=30.01~41.56。两个含Se量为3%~5%含硒质辉锑矿的晶胞参数值为:a=1.120 9~1.121 2 nm,b=1.1299~1.130 3 nm,c=0.384 7~0.384 9 nm;而硫质硒锑矿、硒锑矿的晶胞参数值分别为：a=1.159 1~1.159 3 nm;b=1.172 4~1.174 7 nm;c=0.394 1~0.398 4 nm。晶胞参数的变化与矿物中硫、硒含量变化密切相关。     

内蒙拜仁达坝超大型Ag-Pb-Zn多金属矿床中针硫锑铅矿的发现与成因意义

在内蒙拜仁达坝超大型Ag-Pb-Zn多金属矿床中,产出针硫锑铅矿。与其共生的金属矿物主要为方铅矿、银黝铜矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、块硫锑铅矿等。针硫锑铅矿呈长柱状、针状、毛发状、束状和不规则状等,粒度变化较大,一般为0.05～4mm,最大可达12mm。反光显微镜下为灰白色,强非均性,显微硬度VHN100g=93.25～127.39kg/mm2(平均111.05kg/mm2),相当于摩氏硬度3.06～3.40(平均3.24)。矿物主要化学成分质量分数为:Pb52.20%～57.80%(平均54.89%),Sb22.26%～28.13%(平均26.08%),S18.65%～19.62%(平均19.01%),并含有少量的Fe、Cu、Zn、Ag和As等元素。相应的平均化学分子式为(Pb4.91,Cu0.04,Fe0.03,Zn0.01)4.99(Sb3.97,As0.04)4.01S11.00,标准化学式为Pb5Sb4S11。晶体为单斜晶系对称,晶胞参数值a=2.156nm,b=2.349nm,c=0.810nm。矿床中针硫锑铅矿的形成,与成矿温度较低、硫逸度升高以及还原作用密切相关。     

硒硫锑矿的首次发现及其初步研究

硒硫锑矿首次发现于西秦岭南亚带拉尔玛金-铜-铀建造矿床中。与其共生的矿物有:自然金,灰硒汞矿,灰硒铅矿,硒锑矿,辉砷铜矿,辉砷镍矿,硒硫锑铜矿,另外还有两种含硒的矿物可能是硒镍矿,硒金矿。该矿物颗粒细小,粒度为0.01—0.5mm。显微硬度VHN_(50)=68.25—128.0kg/mm~2。电子探针分析结果(W_B/%):Sb 59.75—68.52,S 12.08—23.71,Se6.88—27.50。据其平均值所计算的分子式为Sb_(2.0455) Hg_(0.0051) (S_(2.1818)Se_(0.8182)_3,简写式为Sb_2(S,Se)_3。含硒量低的硒硫锑矿的粉晶数据与辉锑矿大致相似。     

湖南保靖东坪汞矿中的含硒黑辰砂

含硒黑辰砂产于寒武系含碳泥质显微晶粒白云岩中。赋存在石英脉中及硅化较强的地段。矿石以含硒黑辰砂为主,其他共生矿物有黄铁矿、硫汞锌矿、辰矿、黝铜矿。含硒黑辰砂属等轴晶系。呈深灰色。条痕黑色。比重7.96。反射色为白色带蓝灰。反射率为28.5(480),27.5(540),26.7(580),26.2(640)％。化学成分为Hg=84.04,Se=4.23,S=11.02％。X射线粉晶衍射主要数据为3.436(100),2.977(37),2.106(57),1.997(37)。晶胞参数α=0.5899nm     

湖南的硫盐矿物及其分布特征

硫盐矿物是一类复杂的硫化物,矿物种众多,已发现130多种,新矿物不断发现。其结构特点是:硫或硫和硒与半金属砷、锑、铋组成配位多面体,再与其它金属阳离子相连接。其化学通式可写为〔M(1)M(2)〕_mR_mS_m,M为金属阳离子,其中M(1)位为Ag、Cu、Fe、Hg等,M(2)位主要为Pb;R为半金属阳离子,有Sb和Bi;S=S、Se。硫盐矿物除了矿物学上的意义外,在工业及地质意义上,均有着不容忽视的重要性。但由于一般产出量较少,其中大多数为罕见矿物,而且往往颗粒细小,相互间在矿物物理及光学特征上往往甚为相似,肉眼及显微镜下很难准确区分与鉴定,长期以来对其研究较为薄     

论西南地区部分金、铜矿床中黝铜矿族矿物

本文论述了黝铜矿族矿物在成分标型研究方面的新进展.其一般化学式为:(Cu,Ag)_(10)(Cu、Fe、Zn、Hg、Pb、Cd)_2(As、Sb、 Bi、Te、Sn)_4(S、Se)_(13)。黝铜矿的具体命名是:凡金属元素的原子数大于0.5者,都应按原子数由0.5到大的顺序参加命名.文中列举了西南地区诸多金矿和铜矿中的富锑黝铜矿(偏岩子)、富铁黝铜矿(耳泽)、富砷黝铜矿(邛莫)、富铋黝铜矿(姚安)、富锡黝铜矿(李伍)等成分分析资料和化学式计算及命名的实际资料。     

我国甘肃硒汞矿的发现及研究

硒汞矿产于甘肃省拉尔玛金矿床中,主要共生矿物有石英、重晶石、辉锑矿、黑辰砂、自然金等。硒汞矿呈铅灰色到黑色,金属光泽,性脆。粒度0.01～0.36mm。比重D=8.27,摩氏硬度2.5。电子探针定量分析结果的平均值(%):Hg 71.50,Se 25.21,S 1.88,Au 0.19,Ag 0.07,Te 0.09,As 0.06,Sb 0.04,Fe 0.04,总和99.08。空间群。a=0.6081(1)nm,Z=4。     

黝铜矿-砷黝铜矿矿物学研究进展

黝铜矿-砷黝铜矿系列矿物(Tetrahedrite -Tennantite Series Mineral,TTSM)作为含Cu、Ag、S、Sb、As、Hg及少量Au、Fe、Zn、Cd、Bi、Te、Se的硫盐矿物广泛存在于世界各地的Cu、Ag、Au、Pb、Zn多金属矿床中.为了能够更好的认识该系列矿物,提高矿物中有用元素的回收率,扩大黝铜矿型铜矿床的经济效益,本文对TTSM的化学组成和类质同象置换规律,晶胞参数和晶体结构的形变,矿物人工合成和有用元素的浸出试验等研究进展进行了综述.天然TTSM矿物一般化学式为:(Cu,Ag)6 Cu4 (Fe,Zn,Cu,Hg,Ag,Cd)2 (Sb,As,Bi,Te)4 (S,Se)13,其中S-Se、Sb-As-Bi-Te、Ag-Cu、Cu-Hg-Fe-Pb-Zn-Cd的类质同象置换相当普遍;TTSM晶体结构中不同结构位置离子置换规律更多的受限于离子价键,而同一结构位置不同离子的置换除受限于离子价键还受限于该位置空间大小,晶胞参数与离子置换类型和数量密切相关;人工合成实验证实形成TTSM矿物的温度范围为350～540℃,浸出试验证明随反应温度增高、浸出浓度增大、矿物颗粒减小时,TTSM中有用元素的浸出速率增大.     

Mineralogy of the Stibnite-Antimonselite Series

Minerals of the stibnite-antimonselite series, in close association with tiemannite, clausthalite, kullerudite, Se-bearing stibioluzonite, native gold, quartz, and barite, were discovered in Cambrian stratabound gold deposits at La'erma and Qiongmo, western Qinling, China. Based on S/(S + Se) ratios of microprobe analyses, the binary stibnite-antimonselite system is divided into four series: stibnite, Se-stibnite, S-antimonselite, and antimonselite. Micro-hardness of the stibnite series (Sb = 58.47 to 72.99 wt%, S = 11.86 to 28.76, and Se = 0.00 to 29.12) and the antimonselite series (Sb = 48.94 to 59.13 wt%, Se = 29.20 to 46.86, S = 1.99 to 11.43) is 101.26 and 103 kg/mm², respectively. Representative reflectivities of the four series are (470 nm) Rg'= 42.62 to 47.62%, Rp' = 30.83 to 40.55%; (550 nm) Rg' = 41.84 to 46.75%, Rp'= 31.48 to 38.85%; (590 nm) Rg' = 42.25 to 46.63%, Rp' = 30.73 to 39.46%; (650 nm) Rg' = 43.30 to 46.48%, Rp' = 30.01 to 41.56%. Cell parameters obtained from two stibnite samples (containing 3 to 5% Se) are a = 1.1209 to 1.1212 nm, b = 1.1299 to 1.1303 nm, c = 0.3847 to 0.3849 nm; and those of S-antimonselite and antimonselite are a = 1.1591 to 1.1593 nm, b = 1.1724 to 1.1747 nm, and c = 0.3941 to 0.3984 nm.     

两种未定名硒矿物的研究

本文研究的两种未定名硒矿物产于贵州省５０４轴汞钼多金属矿床内的含铀－硒方解石脉中。经ＪＣＸＡ－７３３型电子探针Ｘ射线显微分析仪分析，其平均化学成分（重量％）分别为：Ｓｅ４８．８０，Ｓ０．１１，Ｃｕ１７．４２，Ｈｇ１．６５，Ｓｂ３４．０８，Ｎｉ０．０２，Ｆｅ０．０５，Ａｓ０．５８及Ｓｅ３８．８９，Ｓ１．６５，Ｃｕ１７．７９，Ｈｇ２１．６３，Ｓｂ１９．５４，Ｎｉ０．０３，Ｆｅ０．１５，Ａｓ０．３３。它     

恩施渔塘坝富硒碳质岩中硒的赋存状态

在渔塘坝富硒碳质岩中发现了自然硒及其系列硒矿物的组合.这些硒矿物有自然硒、方硒铜矿、硒铜蓝、水硒铁石、硒银矿、含硒黄铁矿、含硒黄铜矿和难以确定名称的Fe-Se矿物.其中自然硒、方硒铜矿和硒铜蓝的矿物组合主要分布在断层面附近的碳质硅质岩中,自然硒与方硒铜矿的矿物组合主要分布在高碳质泥岩中,水硒铁石及未确定的Fe-Se矿物主要赋存于露头处的富硒碳质岩中.硒矿物中除自然硒较普遍地存在外,其他矿物并不是均匀地分布于富硒碳质岩中,而是局部性地出现.Cu-Se矿物的大量发育表明铜可能在硒的表生迁移转化中起着某种重要的作用.     

Trace metal nanoparticles in pyrite

Hydrothermal pyrite contains significant amounts of minor and trace elements including As, Pb, Sb, Bi, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Au, Ag, Se and Te, which can be incorporated into nanoparticles (NPs). NP-bearing pyrite is most common in hydrothermal ore deposits that contain a wide range of trace elements, especially deposits that formed at low temperatures. In this study, we have characterized the chemical composition and structure of these NPs and their host pyrite with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), analytical electron microscopy (AEM), and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). Pyrite containing the NPs comes from two types of common low-temperature deposits, Carlin-type (Lone Tree, Screamer, Deep Star (Nevada, USA)), and epithermal (Pueblo Viejo (Dominican Republic) and Porgera (Papua New-Guinea)).EMPA analyses of the pyrite show maximum concentrations of As (11.2), Ni (3.04), Cu (2.99), Sb (2.24), Pb (0.99), Co (0.58), Se (0.2), Au (0.19), Hg (0.19), Ag (0.16), Zn (0.04), and Te (0.04) (in wt.%). Three types of pyrite have been investigated: “pure” or “barren” pyrite, Cu-rich pyrite and As-rich pyrite. Arsenic in pyrite from Carlin-type deposits and the Porgera epithermal deposit is negatively correlated with S, whereas some (colloform) pyrite from Pueblo Viejo shows a negative correlation between As + Cu and Fe. HRTEM observations and SAED patterns confirm that almost all NPs are crystalline and that their size varies from 5 to 100 nm (except for NPs of galena, which have diameters of up to 500 nm). NPs can be divided into three groups on the basis of their chemical composition: (i) native metals: Au, Ag, Ag–Au (electrum); (ii) sulfides and sulfosalts: PbS (galena), HgS (cinnabar), Pb–Sb–S, Ag–Pb–S, Pb–Ag–Sb–S, Pb–Sb–Bi–Ag–Te–S, Pb–Te–Sb–Au–Ag–Bi–S, Cu–Fe–S NPs, and Au–Ag–As–Ni–S; and (iii) Fe-bearing NPs: Fe–As–Ag–Ni–S, Fe–As–Sb–Pb–Ni–Au–S, all of which are in a matrix of distorted and polycrystalline pyrite. TEM-EDX spectra collected from the NPs and pyrite matrix document preferential partitioning of trace metals including Pb, Bi, Sb, Au, Ag, Ni, Te, and As into the NPs. The NPs formed due to exsolution from the pyrite matrix, most commonly for NPs less than 10 nm in size, and direct precipitation from the hydrothermal fluid and deposition into the growing pyrite, most commonly for those > 20 nm in size. NPs containing numerous heavy metals are likely to be found in pyrite and/or other sulfides in various hydrothermal, diagenetic and groundwater systems dominated by reducing conditions.     

山东七宝山金铜多金属矿区黄铁矿微量元素特征及其地质意义

七宝山金铜多金属矿区的钓鱼台硫铁矿床、金线头金铜矿床以及七宝山铅锌矿床,其矿化类型分别为似层状浸染型、隐爆角砾岩型、裂控热液脉型,黄铁矿是三类矿化中最发育的金属硫化物矿物。通过对3个矿床黄铁矿产状,晶体形态,主、微量元素的nS与nFe实际原子个数比图解(nS/nFe=1.985~2.066)、δFe与δS特征图解(δFe/δS=±5%)、δFe/δS-As图解、(Fe+S)-As图解、Co/Ni特征图解(Co/Ni=1.2~11;Co/Ni=2~27;0.7~18)、Co-Ni-As特征图解以及微量元素相关性[Se-Sb(0.528)、Se-Zn(0.371)、Zn-Sb(0.642)、Pb-Te(0.463)]等研究,得知3个矿床黄铁矿均受岩浆热液的影响,其成矿物质和岩浆作用密切相关,表明3类矿化黄铁矿均为与七宝山次火山杂岩体有关的中温热液型矿床。