大别地区的变质作用及与碰撞造山过程的关系

大别造山带从南到北可分为５个变质构造单元：扬子北缘蓝片岩带、突松变质杂岩带、南大虽碰撞杂岩带、北大别变质杂岩带和北淮阳变质带。各个变质构造单元中不同岩石的变质作用可划分为３种类型：（１）超高压型。以含柯石英（及金刚石）的榴辉岩为代表,仅见于南大别碰撞杂岩带中,这类岩石的ＰＴ轨迹反映洋壳Ｂ型俯冲的特点。（２）高压型。见于大别山南部的蓝片岩带、宿松变质杂岩带和南大别杂岩中的变质沉积岩及部分片麻岩中,与     

北大别地体不同类型的变质p-t轨迹及其意义

在大别造山带中,北大别杂岩(NDC)作为一个高温混合岩地体,主要由丰富的条带状混合岩化片麻岩和少量的麻粒岩组成[1].由于以前其中高压/超高压变质证据(如Coe/Omp)的缺乏,北大别地体在更早曾被看作是一个非超高压单元,而区别于传统的南大别含柯石英的超高压榴辉岩单元或南大别杂岩(SDC).     

大别山南部高压-超高压变质地体的峰期变质条件

长期以来,人们普遍认同南大别高压超高压变质地体是由“冷”、“热”榴辉岩带组成的观点,但关于两者的接触关系一直存在着不同的认识。本次研究重点解剖大别山太湖地区花凉亭水库附近地区,力图通过对各类榴辉岩峰期变质P-T条件的研究,揭示南大别变质地体的地质结构。全区由南向北出露4种岩石:云母片岩、黑云母片麻岩、花岗片麻岩和绿帘黑云斜长片麻岩。榴辉岩多呈大小不等的透镜体、岩块或层状分布于后3类岩石中。根据内洽地质温压计的计算结果,并结合各类榴辉岩的地理位置,可以看出榴辉岩的峰期变质PT条件自朱家冲经水口、大坝至金河桥是渐次增高的,并没有明显的压力差存在,其中水口、大坝附近的榴辉岩相当于高压/超高压过渡环境中形成的榴辉岩。因此,我们认为南大别变质地体是一个连续的整体,“冷”、“热”榴辉岩带并不是以断层形式相接触的;真正的断裂应位于南大别与宿松群之间。     

大别造山带现今地壳结构-岩石组成研究

通过大别造山带岩石地震波速的高温高压实验测定值与地震测深断面观察值的对比，结合地表出露岩石对深部岩石组成的地球化学示踪，揭示了该造山带现今地壳各结构层的基本岩石组成：上地壳主要由长英质岩石组成，榴辉岩在其中仅占0～20％；中地壳(低速层)主体由长英质片麻岩和花岗岩组成；下地壳上部由80％镁铁质麻粒岩和20％长英质麻粒岩组成；下地壳下部由幔源底侵岩浆作用形成的镁铁质麻粒岩组成。下地壳和上地幔的泊松比为0.265～0．280，明显高于榴辉岩的泊松比，表明其中即使有榴辉岩存在，含量也应极少。各构造单元出露的白垩纪花岗岩具有相似的化学组成，其铅、钕与锶同位素组成均可与北大别的核杂岩相对比，表明花岗岩浆均应以深部核杂岩为源岩。因此，被白垩纪花岗岩侵入的南大别超高压变质岩单元和宿松高压变质岩单元深部均应由核杂岩组成，亦即超高压和高压变质岩应呈拆离的构造岩片覆盖于核杂岩之上。鉴于白垩纪花岗岩的钕模式年龄(tDM)均集中于古元古代(1．8～2．2Ga)，表明花岗岩的源区应限于核杂岩中构成原中地壳下部的古元古代结晶基底岩层。这为中地壳主要由长英质片麻岩组成提供了佐证。考虑到大量花岗岩浆的抽出，应留下更大体积的镁铁质岩残留体，后者在地壳流变增厚调整过程中可能因密度增大而下沉，也可能因地震波速增大而显示下地壳的特征，更可能由于这两方面的原因而使由镁铁质残留体组成的原中地壳下部转变成现今下地壳上部的组成。根据大别碰撞后基性火山岩和侵入岩的地球化学研究，还可证明组成大别下地壳的镁铁质岩更可能是1.1Ga前而非中生代形成的底侵岩层。实践表明，上述两方面研究的结合可较好揭示区域地壳结构一组成。     

饶拔寨榴辉岩绿辉石中镁铁闪石及单斜钠长石出溶体

近年来,在北大别杂岩带中发现了榴辉岩[1～3]及榴辉岩相岩石[4,5],岩石地球化学及Sm-Nd和U-Pb同位素特征[6,7]证明,北大别杂岩带大多数属印支期扬子俯冲陆壳的一部分,引起了国内外学者的关注.相对于南大别超高压带中榴辉岩来说,北大别榴辉岩经历了麻粒岩相退变质阶段和燕山期热变质事件的影响,形成大面积强烈退变和相应的退变质显微构造.     

大别山榴辉岩—片麻岩杂岩的成因

大别山榴辉岩由辉长岩、大陆拉斑玄武岩和少量泥灰质经高压变质作用形成，大别地块可划分出四个形成条件不同的榴辉岩区，它们代表一种构造－岩石组合体，片麻岩杂岩中各种高压变质岩类的发现证明它们与榴辉岩一起经历了原地高压变质过程。二者变质作用Ｐ－Ｔ参数的差异归因于反响或过程中退变质反应速度的不同。不同地区榴辉岩退变质组合及Ｐ－Ｔ条件下围岩的一致性表明，大别杂岩现今所展示的“递增”变质带是由榴辉岩相退变质作用     

大别造山带变质岩和花岗岩的钕同位素组成及其地质意义

大别造山带８个变质岩和４个花岗岩样品的Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ分析结果表明，大别地块不同构造单元的岩石有不同的钕同位素模式年龄。总体上，北大别地块变质岩的钕模式年龄较老；南大别超高压地块的较年轻，但变化范围大。侵人于大别地块不同构造单元的花岗岩与北大别地块变质岩有相同的Ｎｄ（１２２Ｍａ）值范围，表明它们有相似的物质来源。南大别地块是覆盖在具有古老物源的变质岩之上的一个构造岩片。     

大别山东部含柯石英榴辉岩锆石U—Pb测年—多期超高压变质作用证据

大别造山带东段南，北大别两类不同产关的柯石英榴辉岩同位素地质年代学对比研究表明：１．石马辉岩超高压变质事件发生于４７１±２Ｍａ前，并受到海西期热事件；（２）碧溪岭与超镁铁质岩共生的榴辉岩是晚元古代北大别古岛岛弧超高压变质作用的产物，镁铁－超镁铁质堆晶岩系可能形成于９１±５６Ｍａ；（３）大别地区东部加里东期和印支期超高夺变质带并置，反映了造山带形成多期“开”“合”的复杂演化史。     

大别山榴辉岩一片麻岩杂岩的成因

大别山榴辉岩由辉长岩、大陆拉斑玄武岩和少量泥灰质经高压变质作用形成。大别地块可划分出四个形成条件不同的榴辉岩区,它们代表一种构造－岩石组合体。片麻岩杂岩中各种高压变质岩类的发现证明它们与榴辉岩一起经历了原地高压变质过程。二者变质作用Ｐ－Ｔ参数的差异归因于抬升过程中退变质反应速度的不同。不同地区榴辉岩退变质组合及Ｐ－Ｔ条件与围岩的一致性表明,大别杂岩现今所展示的“递增”变质带是由榴辉岩相退变质作用形成的。高压榴辉岩－片麻岩杂岩的产生是印支期扬子与华北两个大陆板块碰撞的结果。     

桐柏山高压变质作用的时代与高压/超高压岩石的穿时俯冲和抬升

桐柏山高压变质杂岩主要分布在桐柏山脉两侧,可区分出南、北两条榴辉岩带.北部榴辉岩带主要出露于鸿仪河-固庙-桐柏一带,在大地构造部位上相当于西大别地区的浒湾组,主要组成岩石为花岗质糜棱岩、白云钠长片麻岩、白云石英片岩、大理岩和榴辉岩、石榴角闪岩团块或透镜体.     

Architecture and Kinematics of the Dabie Orogen,Central Eastern China

The geometry of the Dabie Mountains is manifested in terms of the distribution of petro-tectonic units in three dimensions. It is identified into three segments from east to west, four horizons in vertical profiles and eight petrotectonic units from north to south. Three segments are the east, middle and west segments. Four horizons, from top to bottom, are two different meta-tectonic melange in the uppermost part, underthrust basement and cover below them, and mantle at the bottom of the profiles. Eight petro-tectonic units from north to south are: (1) the hinterland basin, (2) the meta-flysch, (3) the ultramafic rock belt (UM) Sujiahe eclogite belt (SH), (4) eclogite belt 2 (Ec2) with most eclogites of continental affinity, (5) eclogite belt 1 (Ecl1) with some eclogite of oceanic affinity, (6) the Dabie complex or underthrust basement of the Yangtze continent, (7) the Susong and Zhangbaling Groups or underthrust cover of the Yangtze continent and (8) the foreland belt. The (3), (4) and (5) units belong to meta-tectonic melange. Some ultrahigh pressure metamorphic minerals such as coesite and micro-diamonds have been found in (3) and (4) units; a possible ultrahigh pressure mineral,clinozoisite aggregate pseudomorph after lawsonite, was found in unit (5). The three tectonic units are speculated to be coherent initially; the UM and SH units are suggested to be the root belt in the east, middle and west segments respectively.The kinematics of the Dabie orogen is divided into three stages: top-to-south thrusting during the eclogite-granulite facies metamorphism, top-to-north extension during the amphibolite metamorphic stage, and faults or shear bands of brittle deformation and greenschist facies metamorphism were formed in the post-orogenic stage since the Late Jurassic and the movement pictures of these faults is different from each other.     

Constraints on the early cooling rates of Mt. Dabie from diffusion modeling of chemical zoning of garnet

Diffusion modeling of zoning profiles in eclogite garnets from three different tectonic units of Mt. Dabie, UHPM unit, HPM unit and northern Dabie, was used to estimate the relative time span and cooling rates of these rocks. Modeling result for the Huangzhen eclogite garnet shows that the maximal time span for the diffusion-adjustment process is about 22 Ma since the peak-temperature metamorphism, which is the maximum time span from amphibolite facies metamorphism to greenschist facies metamorphism. The Bixiling eclogites had subjected to a cooling process at a rate of - 10℃/Ma from 750℃ to 560℃ during 20 Ma. The second cooling stage of the Raobazhai eclogite following granulite-facies metamorphism is an initial fast cooling process at a rate of about 25℃/Ma and then slowed down gradually. All these belong to a coherent Dabie collision orogen with differences in subduction depth and exhumation/uplifting path.     

A re-evaluation of eclogite facies metamorphism in SW Japan: proposal for an eclogite nappe

Known eclogite occurrences in the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt of SW Japan are dominantly in metagabbro bodies which have complex polyphase metamorphic histories. These bodies are generally described as tectonic blocks and their relationship to the Sanbagawa metamorphism is unclear. New findings of foliated eclogite in the Seba and Kotsu areas show that eclogite facies metamorphism is much more widespread than generally thought. Evidence that the foliated eclogite units originated as lavas or sediments implies that these units can be treated as a high-grade part of the subduction-related Sanbagawa metamorphism. Although separated by an along-strike distance of 80 km, the Seba and Kotsu eclogites have very similar garnet and omphacite compositions, suggesting that they were formed under similar metamorphic conditions. However, differences in the associated retrograde assemblages (epidote–amphibolite in the Seba unit and epidote–blueschist in the Kotsu unit) suggest contrasting P – T  paths. In both units, the eclogite rocks occupy the highest structural level of the Sanbagawa belt and overlie rocks metamorphosed at lower pressure. The lower boundary to the eclogite units is therefore a major tectonic discontinuity locally decorated with lenses of exotic material. These features can help trace the boundary into other areas. The previously known outcrops of eclogite show enough similarities with the newly found areas to suggest that all the eclogite facies rocks in the Sanbagawa belt constitute a single nappe that lies at the highest structural levels of the orogen.     

Petrogenesis of Eclogites in the Light of Punctuated Metamorphic Evolution in Dabie Terrane，China

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大别山前寒武纪变质地体基本组成

本文以新城－圻春断裂为界将大别山前寒武纪变质地体划分为华北陆块南缘和场子陆块北缘两个次级变质地体，两个次级地体不仅在地球物理，构造变形方面明显不同，而且在物质成分上有显著差异，它们有各自独立的变质地层系统，遭受了不同类型的变质作用，有完全不同的岩浆活动图象，上述差异均可指示华北，扬子两古陆碰掸对接时扬子陆块北缘向北俯冲至华北陆块南缘之下，这可能包括两次合作用，从元古代开始至中生代最终结束的长期复杂     

"罗田穹隆"中的下地壳俯冲成因榴辉岩及其地质意义

在“罗田穹隆”中发现了下地壳俯冲成因榴辉岩．榴辉岩呈透镜状或板状产于含石榴子石条带状片麻岩中．新鲜的榴辉岩主要由石榴子石、绿辉石、金红石等组成．含少量退变质的角闪石、斜长石、紫苏辉石、透辉石、(钛)磁铁矿和石英等．研究区榴辉岩以保留早期麻粒岩相变质矿物残留体以及经受晚期麻粒岩相和角闪岩相退变为特征．指示它们由扬子镁铁质下地壳麻粒岩相岩石俯冲到深部发生变质并形成榴辉岩．然后折返至下地壳发生麻粒岩相退变，由于麻粒岩相退变质阶段仅以后成合晶形式出现．因而它们可能在下地壳停留时间不长．就又进一步被构造抬升至中上地壳而发生角闪岩相退变．大别山造山带乃至扬子板块北缘现今缺乏厚层镁铁质下地壳．它们也很少出露地表．推测这些俯冲的镁铁质下地壳可能已拆离再循环进人地幔．从而为“罗田穹隆”的形成和演化以及大别山高压-超高压岩石的形成与折返机制等研究提供了关键性的岩石学证据。     

安徽宿松群的甄别及时代归属

通过对原宿松群的深入研究 ,将其解体为蒲河片麻岩套与宿松岩群。宿松岩群与大别群在南部经历了先侵入 ,后韧性剪切变形 ,再构造破碎的复杂过程 ,并非不整合接触 ;在北部为过渡或构造叠置关系。重新厘定宿松岩群的构造地层序列自下而上由甘田坳岩组 (新建 ) ,柳坪岩组、大新屋岩组、梓树坞岩组 (新建 )所组成 ,并从地层序列、微古组合、地质年代等方面论证了宿松岩群属新元古代 ,为重新认识大别造山带的形成演化提供了新的基础资料     

大别山南部黄镇—凉亭河一线宿松变质杂岩岩石学和峰期变质温压条件及与高压榴辉岩对比研究

通过对宿松变质杂岩的野外地质观测、岩相学和热力学评价及其峰期变质温压条件的空间变化特征的研究,并对比南大别高压单元研究结果,探讨宿松变质杂岩的岩石构成和变质特征。研究表明宿松变质杂岩自北向南可分为I、II和III三个带,主体仅经历了绿帘角闪岩相至角闪岩相的变质作用,温压范围为t=398～613℃和p=0.61～1.53GPa,平均温压值为t=517℃±50℃和p=1.03±0.21GPa。该变质杂岩未显示任何蓝片岩相的变质特征,其内部也没有温度分带或连续变化的趋势。对比南大别高压单元的峰期变质条件,它们压力差至少可达p=0.92GPa,温度差可能在t=45℃,两者应在构造作用下叠置在一起。     

大别山南部的低级变质岩:宿松群和张八岭群

大别山南部的浅变质岩指宿松群和张八岭群。前者为扬子大陆被动边缘沉积,不整合在扬子大陆晚元古代的结晶基底之上,后者为古大别洋的洋壳,它和北部浅变质岩佛子岭群和梅山群一起,与洋壳俯冲造山带主要构造单元有良好的对应关系。