公路工程建设地质灾害危险性评估的方法与内容——以诸永高速公路为例

地质灾害危险性评估已依法被作为地质灾害易发区工程建设可行性研究报告的组成部分。本文以诸永高速公路为例,介绍了公路工程建设场区地质灾害危险性评估工作中工程分类、现状评估、预测评估、综合评估的内容与方法。对地质环境条件复杂、地质灾害发育、工程类型繁多的公路工程地质灾害危险性评估具有借鉴作用。     

公路工程建设地质灾害危险性评估的方法与内容——以诸永高速公路为例

地质灾害危险性评估已依法被作为地质灾害易发区工程建设可行性研究报告的组成部分。本文以诸永高速公路为例，介绍了公路工程建设场区地质灾害危险性评估工作中工程分类、现状评估、预测评估、综合评估的内容与方法。对地质环境条件复杂、地质灾害发育、工程类型繁多的公路工程地质灾害危险性评估具有借鉴作用。     

山区风电场建设用地地质灾害危险性评估

本文以某山区风电场地质灾害危险性评估为工程实例,基于现行地质灾害危险性评估技术规范,并结合山区场地特殊的地质环境条件和拟建项目的特点,确定地质灾害类型,开展地质灾害危险性现状评估、预测评估。并依据评估结果提出了有针对性的防治措施与建议,同时探讨了在山区开展风电工程地质灾害危险性评估的技术方法。     

湖南东江水电站扩机工程地质灾害危险性评估

东江水电站扩机工程属湖南省重点水利建设项目,面临诸多工程地质灾害问题。本文根据评估区地质环境条件和拟建工程性质,通过实地调查和现场勘察,分析工程建设以及竣工后可能诱发或加剧地质灾害特征及其危险性,对工程建设区地质灾害危险性综合分区,把研究区分为大、中、小三级4个不同地质危险性区段,并提出工期地质灾害防治措施和建议。     

基于GIS的建设项目地质灾害危险性评估

为防灾减灾,研究建设项目地质灾害危险性的评估势在必行。以云南省某县的建设项目为例,将GIS技术引入,综合考虑研究区地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、工程地质条件、水文地质条件、人类工程活动等有关地质灾害的影响因素,判断评估区地质环境条件复杂程度。在此基础上,分别从地质灾害危险性现状评估、预测评估和综合分区评估逐一论述,将评估区划分为地质灾害危险性大区和地质灾害危险性中等区,并针对拟建项目提出相关的防治措施。得出:评估区现状地质灾害中等发育,工程建设及运营过程中可能加剧、引发和遭受的地质灾害危害性及危险性中等至大,建设用地总体适宜性为基本适宜。     

桂林恭城岩口小学地质灾害危险性分析及防治

以恭城县莲花镇岩口小学建设项目为例,在调查评估区内各类地质灾害,查明其发育特征、分布规律、稳定状态、危害程度基础上,进行了地质灾害危险性现状评估,并提出拟采用的防治措施和建议。研究结果表明:区内地质环境条件复杂,现状地质灾害弱发育,危险性小。预测基坑崩塌、填方边坡崩塌、滑坡、地基不均匀沉降和膨胀土地基胀缩地质灾害危险性小,自然斜坡崩塌、滑坡和岩溶地面塌陷地质灾害危险性中等。针对上述地质灾害提出了防渗排泄、拦石网、挡土墙、截水沟、灌浆加固及对拟建综合楼地基采取换填法处理等一系列防治措施。     

徐闻县文塔路建设用地地质灾害危险性评估

根据评估区地质环境条件，结合拟建工程特征，预测了工程建设过程中及峻工后可能诱发或加剧的地质灾害类型并评估其危险性；对评估区进行地质灾害危险性综合评估，划分危险性等级分区。并根据评估结果提出了防治建议。     

桂林恭城岩口小学地质灾害危险性分析及防治

以恭城县莲花镇岩口小学建设项目为例,在调查评估区内各类地质灾害,查明其发育特征、分布规律、稳定状态、危害程度基础上,进行了地质灾害危险性现状评估,并提出拟采用的防治措施和建议。研究结果表明:区内地质环境条件复杂,现状地质灾害弱发育,危险性小。预测基坑崩塌、填方边坡崩塌、滑坡、地基不均匀沉降和膨胀土地基胀缩地质灾害危险性小,自然斜坡崩塌、滑坡和岩溶地面塌陷地质灾害危险性中等。针对上述地质灾害提出了防渗排泄、拦石网、挡土墙、截水沟、灌浆加固及对拟建综合楼地基采取换填法处理等一系列防治措施。     

地质灾害防治工程效益分析评价

在研究地质灾害体特征的基础上,判定其稳定状态和易发程度,并进行分级赋值,综合分析受灾体的损坏程度、受灾体价值损失率等因素,进行地质灾害易损性评价,并分级赋值。在地质灾害稳定性、易发性、易损性评价的基础上,利用数学模型评估地质灾害危险性,结合拟建工程的特,电,进行建设用地地质灾害危险性评价,论证地质灾害防治的可行性,并对防治工程效益进行分析评价,最终为实施工程提供依据。     

某中学地质灾害危险性评估及防治措施

对拟建的文成中学工程可能引发的地质灾害及其危险性进行了评估，并提出了相应的处理意见。     

Development of a geotechnical and geophysical database for seismic zonation of the Ankara Basin,Turkey

Engineering geological and geotechnical site characteristics were assessed and seismic hazard studies performed for the Upper Pliocene to Pleistocene fluvial and Quaternary alluvial and terrace deposits for a site west of Ankara, Turkey. Sediment conditions were determined and a soil profile was characterized by surface geophysical methods. These studies were integrated with existing in-situ characterization studies to create a seismic and geotechnical database for the site. A seismic zonation map of the site was then prepared. Site classification systems were assigned to account for site effects in relation to seismic hazard assessments. The consequences of the seismic hazards were investigated and recommendations were presented.     

Comparison of accelerator and radiometric radiocarbon measurements obtained from Late Devesian Lateglacial lake sediments from Llyn Gwernan, North Wales, UK

Accelerator mass spectrometry measures of the radiocarbon activity of various chemical fractions prepared from Late Devensian Lateglacial lake sediments from the site of Llyn Gwernan, near Cader Idris, North Wales are presented and assessed. These are compared with radiocarbon measurements obtained by radiometric (decay) counting which were reported earlier from the same site and are considered in the light of pollen-stratigraphic information. The potential advantages of accelerator radiocarbon measurements to the assessment of the chronology and correlation of Lateglacial lake sediments are evaluated.     

Environmental geological investigations at the Van open dump site, southeastern Turkey

 This study evaluates the geological, hydrogeological and hydrological conditions at the open waste dump site of the Van municipality in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. A geological map and a three-dimensional view of the project site have been prepared. All lithological units exposed at and near the dump site have been determined and their boundary relationships identified. Drainage basin characteristics of the dump site along with the water bearing properties of different lithological units have been assessed. For the rehabilitation of the existing dump site, material availability (clay as a liner, cap, and daily cover material; granular soil as a filter material) has been researched. Based on the geological, hydrogeological, morphological and hydrological conditions of the existing waste dump site, recommendations to minimize its environmental impact are presented. Received: 8 March 1999 · Accepted: 3 May 1999     

Microzonation of Zeytinburnu region with respect to soil amplification: A case study

A microzonation study is performed as a part of the Zeytinburnu Pilot Project within the framework of the Earthquake Master Plan for Istanbul to determine the effects of local soil conditions on the earthquake forces that will act on structures. For this purpose, detailed geological and geotechnical studies are conducted at the site, a geological map which demonstrates the local geological features of the site is prepared, and the site is classified with respect to the dynamic behaviour based on the data gathered from the soil borings. In order to investigate the effects of local soil conditions on the dynamic behaviour, site response analyses are performed with the computer code EERA by utilizing the findings of field and laboratory investigations. The behaviour of the region during a probable earthquake is investigated through one dimensional response analyses and microzonation maps are prepared with respect to ground shaking intensity in accordance with the new microzonation manual [Ansal, A., Laue, J., Buchheister, J., Erdik, M., Springman, S., Studer, J., and Koksal, D., 2004. “Site characterization and site amplification for a seismic microzonation study in Turkey” 11th Int. Conference on Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering and 3rd Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, San Francisco; Studer, J. and Ansal, A., 2004. Belediyeler için Sismik Mikrobölgeleme El Kitabı, Araştırma Raporu, Afet İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Bayındırlık ve İskan Bakanlığı, Afet Risk Yönetimi Dünya Enstitüsü].     

Factors of safety and pile load tests

The factor of safety used in designing pile foundations for vertical load should depend on three things, prior information on load capacity summarized by empirical correlations with load capacity models, site specific information derived from load tests, and an objective function reflecting economic and safety considerations. A statistical approach to factor of safety selection was developed in order to suggest improvements of current standards for driven pile design. This approach recognizes a distinction between the variability of pile load capacity within individual sites, and the global variability upon which model correlations are based. Charts have been prepared for determining the FS required to achieve specified reliability indices, as a function of the number of load tests at a particular site and their outcomes.     

Identification of hazardous waste landfill site: a case study from Zanjan province, Iran

The study of landfill sites is one of the most important studies in landfill engineering, and the landfill site selection involves combination of engineering, science, and politics. This paper describes a comprehensive hazardous waste landfill site selection methodology with the combined utilization of geographic information system and multiple criteria analysis methods, as applied to the Zanjan province in Iran. The six main data categories that were used are geological/engineering geological, geomorphological, hydrological/hydrogeological, climatological, pedological, and social/economical criteria, which included 31 input layers in total. A suitability map for hazardous waste landfilling was prepared for study area with five classes from most suitable to completely unsuitable. Finally, out of the three sites, one site was selected which was chosen by the local authorities. Our work offers a comprehensive methodology and provides essential support for decision-makers in the assessment of hazardous waste management problems in Zanjan province in I.R. Iran and other developing cities in other countries.     

Assessment of seismic hazard and liquefaction potential of Gujarat based on probabilistic approaches

Gujarat is one of the fastest-growing states of India with high industrial activities coming up in major cities of the state. It is indispensable to analyse seismic hazard as the region is considered to be most seismically active in stable continental region of India. The Bhuj earthquake of 2001 has caused extensive damage in terms of causality and economic loss. In the present study, the seismic hazard of Gujarat evaluated using a probabilistic approach with the use of logic tree framework that minimizes the uncertainties in hazard assessment. The peak horizontal acceleration (PHA) and spectral acceleration (Sa) values were evaluated for 10 and 2?% probability of exceedance in 50?years. Two important geotechnical effects of earthquakes, site amplification and liquefaction, are also evaluated, considering site characterization based on site classes. The liquefaction return period for the entire state of Gujarat is evaluated using a performance-based approach. The maps of PHA and PGA values prepared in this study are very useful for seismic hazard mitigation of the region in future.     

Seismic microzonation study in Doon valley, northwest Himalaya, India

Fundamental frequency map of site amplification at different sites in Doon valley, Uttarakhand, India is prepared from microtremor (ground ambient noise) using Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) technique. The fan deposited alluvium filled synclinal valley of Doon lies between Main Boundary Thrust (MFT) and Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) in the Himalayan active seismic belt and experienced many earthquakes in the past. The HVSR at different sites in the Doon valley ranges between the predominant frequencies 0.13 and 12.77 Hz. The HVSR in lower frequencies indicates that the site has either thick sediment covers or less compact rocks with fractures. Based on information on fundamental frequency and soft soil thickness, site classification map is generated. Results indicate that degree of compactness of rock types and presences of sediments vary significantly, which may play a major role in seismic hazard. The use of microtremor, therefore, constitutes an effective and inexpensive approach to site response and soft soil thickness estimation for preliminary microzonation.     

Sea navigation, challenges and potentials in South East Asia: an assessment of suitable sites for a shipping canal in the South Thai Isthmus

This paper discusses the situation of sea navigation in south East Asia focusing on the Strait of Malacca. The strait links the Indian and Pacific oceans, which is considered one of the busiest in several narrow channels around the world. The paper highlights the significance of the strait to global maritime trade, volume of traffic, and rising environmental and social consequences in the strait. A feasibility study of constructing a new shipping canal in the South Thai Kra Isthmus as an alternative option of Malacca route had been studied since 19th century. The paper explores suitable sites for a potential shipping canal in the Kra Isthmus using physiographic spatial data i.e., elevation, sea charts, geology, soils and river systems. Each spatial data was considered as a separate decision variable for site evaluation. Separate evaluation criterions were prepared for each variable based on shipping canal requirements. Overlaying the maps in GIS environment, the variables were carefully evaluated, and five geographic sites for the canal were derived. The length of the shipping canal over sea and land was computed for each site. Site B located in south of Ranong and Chumphon provinces, was the shortest one, whereas site C in Surat Thani, Pangnna and Krabi provinces was the longest. However, each site consisted of benefits and constraints.     

Seismic microzonation of Bangalore,India

In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the seismic hazard considering local site effects by carrying out detailed geotechnical and geophysical site characterization in Bangalore, India to develop microzonation maps. An area of 220 km², encompassing Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (BMP) has been chosen as the study area. Seismic hazard analysis and microzonation of Bangalore are addressed in three parts: in the first part, estimation of seismic hazard is done using seismotectonic and geological information. Second part deals with site characterization using geotechnical and shallow geophysical techniques. In the last part, local site effects are assessed by carrying out one-dimensional (1-D) ground response analysis (using the program SHAKE2000) using both standard penetration test (SPT) data and shear wave velocity data from multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) survey. Further, field experiments using microtremor studies have also been carried out for evaluation of predominant frequency of the soil columns. The same has been assessed using 1-D ground response analysis and compared with microtremor results. Further, the Seed and Idriss simplified approach has been adopted to evaluate the soil liquefaction susceptibility and liquefaction resistance assessment. Microzonation maps have been prepared with a scale of 1:20,000. The detailed methodology, along with experimental details, collated data, results and maps are presented in this paper.