内蒙狼山—色尔腾山山前活动断裂古地震事件识别及同震垂直位移

一、前言狼山—色尔腾山山前活动断裂位于鄂尔多斯高原北部河套盆地西北缘,它与大青山山前活动断裂、乌拉山山前活动断裂共同组成河套断陷北缘断裂系(图1)。狼山—色尔腾山山前活动断裂由北东向狼山山前断裂及近东西向色尔腾山山前断裂组成,分别长约160km和150km,组成河套断陷内临河凹陷的西北部边界。据石油物探资料,临河凹陷内第四系厚2400m,表明临河凹陷第四纪时期的沉积速率达到1mm/a。1994年及1995年     

乌拉山山前断裂晚第四纪活动研究

一、引言乌拉山山前断裂是河套断陷带中部白彦花断陷的主控断裂,展布于乌拉山南麓,西起西山咀,经公庙子北、和顺庄、哈业胡同北,东至包头市昆都仑区北,总体近东西走向,全长110km(图1)。该断裂在剖面上由一系列南倾的阶梯状正断层组成,向深部倾角变缓呈铲形。乌拉山山前断裂与大青山山前断裂和色尔腾山山前断裂在平面上呈右阶排列,共同控制河套断陷带的北界。     

河套地区全新世黄河古河道的分布及期次划分

黄河古河道的分布及其年代学框架的建立对于探讨黄河迁移规律、重建古气候演化历史具有重要意义。通过Landsat8遥感影像解译、1∶5万野外地质地貌调查、钻孔资料分析,结合剖面实测基本判定了色尔腾山以南至现代黄河以北河套平原区黄河埋藏古河道的分布,,采用OSL与14C测年较精确地确定了黄河古河道的年代。依据年代学研究结果,将全新世黄河古河道划分为三期:Ⅰ期古河道,分南北两支,南支分布在复兴镇西北部,埋深2~6 m,北支分布于呼勒斯太中南部,埋深8.2~9 m,时代为9.93~7.4 ka B.P.;Ⅱ期古河道,河道主体分布在色尔腾山山前,呈北西─南东向,埋藏于现今乌加河古河道下部4~11m处,南北最宽处约1.5km。塔尔湖区存在同一期的古河道,埋深7~9 m,以东西向展布为主,时代为7.4~4.1 ka B.P.;Ⅲ期古河道,呼勒斯太中部、塔尔湖中南部及复兴南部都曾发育,但河道主体为塔尔湖区的古河道,埋深2~9 m,时代为4.1~1.2 ka B.P.。黄河古河道分布及时代确定有助于更深入地研究黄河在河套段演化历史,为河套地区的水利建设和农业生产提供参考和借鉴。     

钱家店铀矿集区磁放重特征及勘查方向探讨

通过对松辽盆地西南部钱家店铀矿集区及周边航磁、航放、重力资料的处理与综合解释,总结了钱家店铀矿集区区域地球物理场特征,分析了磁、放、重地球物理场与区域构造背景、砂岩型铀成矿地质环境之间的内在联系。通过对具有控矿意义的断裂构造F_2-1、F₅、Fg₁等的重磁场特征分析,探讨了断裂构造与盆地基底断块升降、砂岩型铀矿化之间的成因关系。此外,应用半定量预测技术和地球物理异常信息叠合研究,指出了成矿有利度高值带突出分布的部位,并探讨了今后研究区砂岩型铀矿重点勘查方向。结果表明,航磁、航放和重力三者结合,可有效地指导铀矿勘查方向。     

西藏西部措勤盆地措勤-洞错重、磁剖面的地质结构

为研究西藏措勤—洞错地区的地质结构,对2006年采集的1:50000重、磁剖面资料进行了分析、处理、曲线拟合计算与解释。结果表明,南端冈底斯基底走滑断隆带古生界褶皱基底很浅,缺失中生界;中部措勤盆地则埋深较大,最深可达9km,并表现为北深南浅的格局,主要充填了巨厚的中生界;北部班公湖-怒江缝合带的基底深度小于3km;剖面上羌塘地体的基底深度约3.5km。剖面中部措勤盆地北部坳陷与班公湖-怒江缝合带结晶基底磁性弱,北部和南部结晶基底磁性强。推断了12条断裂,其中F7断裂为措勤盆地北界,F1断裂为盆地南界。推断了6个花岗岩类岩体、2个蛇绿岩体及一套规模较大的火山岩,并描述了其地下赋存的特征。     

羌塘盆地那底岗日山前区的地球物理反演解释

利用传统的地球物理处理方法和最新非地震技术GM-SYS重磁震二维模拟系统相结合,对那底岗日山前区的重、磁资料进行模拟处理,得到那底岗日山前区综合解释成果图及走廊剖面解释栅状图,并给出该区的断裂展布、构造格架、火山岩分布和盆地基底等地质界面,为推断解释研究区的沉积分层、断裂格架、火山岩分布和基底起伏提供定量和定性依据。     

基于重力数据的断裂构造识别及其在武威地区的应用

为查明青藏高原东北缘武威地区沙漠腹地区域断裂构造展布特征,笔者采用区域性断裂在重力异常场和剩余重力异常场的识别标志,结合小子域滤波联合总水平导数法,对武威地区区域性断裂的浅部信息进行提取,精细刻画断裂发育特征,并通过地震反射剖面结果进行验证。结果表明,研究区整体发育北西向、北西西向和北东向3组断裂构造,其中新识别出F₁、F₂两条北东向断裂,并对F₄断裂西段走向进行了修正。断裂的空间展布特征约束了武威盆地的断裂构造格架,为该区域盆地划分及成矿等提供基础地质信息。     

基于磁力资料的珠江口盆地构造单元分布特征

珠江口盆地是南海北部陆坡最大的前新生代沉积盆地,油气资源丰富,由于新的地球物理资料未得以充分应用等问题导致盆地内部构造单元分布特征存在诸多不同看法,这些问题制约了盆地的进一步勘探和开发。本文以最新实测1∶10万高精度航磁数据为基础,采用切线法对研究区航磁异常深度进行反演计算,结合钻井、地震及南海北部陆域物性资料研究珠江口盆地磁性基底分布特征。在充分调研珠江口盆地已有构造单元划分的基础上,以盆地磁性基底展布特征为基础,结合断裂、区域构造等对珠江口盆地内部构造单元进行研究。研究表明:珠江口盆地磁性基底深度在0～9 km之间,磁性基底呈"三隆两坳"构造格局,整个坳陷区具有"南北分带,东西分块"的特征; NE向深大断裂为控盆断裂,常为盆地二级构造单元的边界,NW向断裂常控制次一级构造单元并影响其展布形态。     

油源断裂油气成藏期优势通道输导能力综合评判方法及其应用

本文通过油气成藏期油源断裂不同部位古活动速率相对大小分布,确定其油气输导的优势通道。并基于优势输导通道的断裂古活动速率、古倾角、目的层古埋深和源岩古剩余地层压力等指标,建立了一套油源断裂在油气成藏期优势通道输导能力的综合评判方法。以渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷廊固凹陷为靶区,对大柳泉区块旧州油源断裂带在成藏期沙三中下亚段内的优势通道进行了厘定和油气输导能力综合评判。评判结果表明：旧州油源断裂6条分支断裂油气成藏期——沙二段沉积时期发育了10个优势通道,其油气输导能力以F₁和F₂分支断裂的6个优势通道输导油气能力相对较强,有利于油气运移,F₃、F₄、F₅和F₆分支断裂发育4个优势通道,其输导油气能力相对较弱,不利于油气运移。此评判结果与目前旧州断裂带附近沙三中下亚段内的油气分布现状相吻合,表明用此方法进行油源断裂成藏期优势通道的输导能力综合评判是可行性的。     

河套盆地北缘色尔滕山河流地貌参数特征及其成因分析

地貌形态是构造和地表过程相互作用的复杂产物,主要通过构造活动和岩石的抗侵蚀能力等来调节。构造活动相对较弱的古老造山带往往可以忽略构造驱动的岩石抬升,使得研究岩石抗侵蚀能力对其地貌雕刻的贡献成为可能。但是目前大多数活动造山带地貌研究的结果显示地貌主要受控于活动构造,关于岩性对地貌演化影响的报道较少。色尔滕山山前断裂为河套盆地北缘的一条重要控盆断裂,全新世以来该断裂的活动性较强,曾发生过两次较大震级地震（M6. 4和M5. 9）。前人活动构造研究表明该断裂的活动性具有空间差异,中部乌加河镇活动性最强,两端逐渐减弱。但相对河套盆地北缘其他大型断裂（如狼山山前断裂、乌拉山北缘断裂和大青山山前断裂）,该断裂的地貌参数研究较少。同时其地貌演化特征及发育机理仍然不清楚,这些均制约了对该断裂的变形动力学理解。本文基于30 m分辨率的DEM数据对该断裂进行详细的河流地貌学参数研究,包括使用Arcgis和Matlab脚本提取色尔滕山山前33条河流的子流域盆地面积 高程积分（HI）和相应河道陡峭指数（Ksn）、河道纵剖面及其裂点等地貌学参数。结果表明研究区河流HI值大部分处于0. 40~0. 66之间,其中乌加河镇附近具有高值,流域盆地处于发育的壮年期。瞬态河道和稳态河道均沿着色尔滕山山前断裂走向分布,可能表明色尔滕山山前大部分河道目前处于瞬时地貌向均衡地貌演化阶段,并且通过对比发现瞬态河道裂点成因存在岩性和构造共同控制的现象。河道陡峭指数空间分布差异性较大,乌加河镇附近（S13~S20）陡峭指数较大,向两边陡峭指数逐渐减小,在S8河流以西又有增大的趋势。通过结合岩性和降雨情况分析发现,河道陡峭指数除了受岩性抗侵蚀能力影响外,其分布还与色尔滕山山前断裂垂直滑移速率分布和垂直位错分布基本一致。综合来看,地貌参数的空间分布是岩性差异和色尔滕山山前断裂活动分段差异性共同控制的结果,表明该地区岩性和构造对地貌的协同塑造作用。     

日照—连云港地区重磁异常特征及其构造意义

航空重力、磁力测量是解决海陆过渡区地球物理资料不连续问题的有效途径,所获取的数据为进一步认识苏鲁造山带西段断裂展布、大地构造属性等基础地质问题提供了科学依据.基于最新高精度航空重磁数据,编制了日照-连云港地区1:25万重力、磁力异常图,结合区域地质资料,分析重、磁异常特征,在日照-连云港地区圈定了郯庐断裂带、桑墟-连云港断裂、东海-赣榆断裂、五莲-桃园断裂等基底断裂构造.研究认为苏鲁造山带南部边界为桑墟-连云港断裂（连黄断裂）,以该断裂为界,北侧基底为华北板块组成部分,断裂南侧为下扬子板块基底;以东海-赣榆断裂为界,苏鲁造山带可分为南部和北部,两部分在后期构造活动方面差异显著.      

日照—连云港地区主要断裂重磁异常特征

为满足1:25万海洋区域地质调查需求,解决海陆过渡区的基础地质问题,在统一编制1:25万重力异常图和磁力异常图的基础上,分析日照—连云港地区主要断裂的重磁异常特征。结合区域地质资料,探讨郯庐断裂沂水段、桑墟—连云港断裂、东海—赣榆断裂的重磁异常特征及其地质意义。结果表明: 昌邑—大店断裂是郯庐断裂沂水段的主断裂; 作为苏鲁造山带的南部边界,桑墟—连云港断裂控制了基底、地层和岩浆岩的分布; 东海—赣榆断裂将苏鲁造山带分割为南、北2部分。这些新认识为日照—连云港地区基础地质研究提供了重要参考。     

青藏高原羌塘盆地重磁剖面异常与基底构造特征

以穿越羌塘盆地的实测重磁剖面数据为基础,密切结合平面重磁异常资料,通过对重磁异常特征进行分析,采用位场转换和正反演拟合计算方法,推断了羌塘盆地的基底埋深、断裂构造及盆地样式,并对盆地的油气远景进行了探讨。认为南羌塘基底埋深浅,呈台阶状,且构造复杂,北羌塘埋深深,其间的龙木错-双湖构造带有明显的重磁异常显示。     

Structural mapping based on potential field and remote sensing data,South Rewa Gondwana Basin,India

Intracratonic South Rewa Gondwana Basin occupies the northern part of NW–SE trending Son–Mahanadi rift basin of India. The new gravity data acquired over the northern part of the basin depicts WNW–ESE and ENE–WSW anomaly trends in the southern and northern part of the study area respectively. 3D inversion of residual gravity anomalies has brought out undulations in the basement delineating two major depressions (i) near Tihki in the north and (ii) near Shahdol in the south, which divided into two sub-basins by an ENE–WSW trending basement ridge near Sidi. Maximum depth to the basement is about 5.5 km within the northern depression. The new magnetic data acquired over the basin has brought out ENE–WSW to E–W trending short wavelength magnetic anomalies which are attributed to volcanic dykes and intrusive having remanent magnetization corresponding to upper normal and reverse polarity (29N and 29R) of the Deccan basalt magnetostratigrahy. Analysis of remote sensing and geological data also reveals the predominance of ENE–WSW structural faults. Integration of remote sensing, geological and potential field data suggest reactivation of ENE–WSW trending basement faults during Deccan volcanism through emplacement of mafic dykes and sills. Therefore, it is suggested that South Rewa Gondwana basin has witnessed post rift tectonic event due to Deccan volcanism.     

Applied geophysics for cover thickness mapping in the southern Thomson Orogen

Abstract

Potentially mineralised Paleozoic basement rocks in the southern Thomson Orogen region of southern Queensland and northern New South Wales are covered by varying thicknesses of Mesozoic to Cenozoic sediments. To assess cover thickness and methods for estimating depth to basement, we collected new airborne electromagnetic (AEM), seismic refraction, seismic reflection and audio-frequency magnetotelluric data and combined these with new depth to magnetic basement models from airborne magnetic line data and ground gravity data along selected transects. The results of these investigations over two borehole sites, GSQ Eulo 1 and GSQ Eulo 2, show that cover thickness can be reliably assessed to within the confidence limits of the various techniques, but that caveats exist regarding the application of each of the disciplines. These techniques are part of a rapid-deployment explorers’ toolbox of geophysical techniques that have been tested at two sites in Australia, the Stavely region of western Victoria, and now the southern Thomson Orogen in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland. The results shown here demonstrate that AEM and ground geophysics, and to a lesser extent depth to magnetic source modelling, can produce reliable results when applied to the common exploration problem of determining cover thickness. The results demonstrate that portable seismic systems, designed for geotechnical site investigations, are capable of imaging basement below 300 m of unlithified Eromanga Basin cover as refraction and reflection data. The results of all methods provide much information about the nature of the basement–cover interface and basement at borehole sites in the southern Thomson Orogen, in that the basement is usually weathered, the interface has paleotopography, and it can be recognised by its density, natural gamma, magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity contrasts.     

The Seismogenic Structure of the 2010 Suining Ms 5.0 Earthquake and its Geometry,Kinematics and Dynamics Analysis

In January 2010, the Suining Ms5.0 earthquake occurred in central Sichuan Basin, with the epicenter in Moxi-Longnvsi structural belt and a focal depth of 10 km. Based on structural interpretations of seismic profiles in this area, we recognized a regional detachment fault located at a depth of 9–10 km in the Presinian basement of the Suining area, transferring its slipping from NW to SE orientation. This detachment fault slipped from NW to SE, and underwent several shears and bends, which caused the basement to be rolled in and the overlaying strata fold deformation. It formed a fault-bend fold in the Moxi area with an approximate slip of 4 km. Correspondingly, the formation of the Moxi anticline is related to the detachment fault. With the earthquake’s epicenter on the ramp of the detachment fault, there is a new point of view that the Suining earthquake was caused by re-activation of this basement detachment fault. Since the Late Jurassic period, under the influence of regional tectonic stress, the detachment fault transfered its slip from the Longmen Mountains (LMS) thrust belt to the hinterland of the Sichuan Basin, and finally to the piedmont zone of southwest Huayingshan (HYS), which indicates that HYS might be the final front area of the LMS thrust belt.     

南黄海北部航空重力场特征及主要地质认识

南黄海北部重力场信息丰富、梯级带发育、异常特征明显,充分反映了该区隆坳构造格局、断裂展布等地质特征。综合研究认为: NE向断裂构成了南黄海北部主体构造格架,嘉山-响水断裂、南黄海北缘断裂共同构成了苏鲁造山带南部边界; 依据航空重磁资料新发现的NW向宫家岛深大断裂对南黄海北部基底构成、岩浆岩分布具有重要的控制作用; 通过重磁联合反演,发现在南黄海北部坳陷的东北凹陷存在着前寒武系稳定的结晶基底; 航空重力资料表明,胶莱盆地向东延伸进入南黄海,在海域内其最大沉积厚度可达3 km。上述地质认识和发现为南黄海北部海洋区域地质调查、油气资源调查及重大基础地质问题的解决提供了借鉴。     

基于航空重磁特征对突泉盆地构造的认识

为获取突泉盆地航空物探基础地质资料,为油气调查评价提供参考,中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心在该盆地开展了1:10万航空重磁综合调查工作。利用最新的航空重磁资料及实测岩石物性数据,对突泉盆地及其邻区重磁异常特征进行研究,分析航空重磁异常与地层展布、断裂活动、岩浆岩体的分布关系,重点探讨盆地的基底性质。结果表明,研究区航空重力异常与航磁异常在强度、范围、形态、梯度和走向等方面具有一定的规律性,该区断裂体系分布与重磁场特征明显相关,NNE-NE向、NW向及NE向3组断裂明显控制盆地沉积岩体及岩浆岩体的展布,盆地基底由下古生界浅变质岩系和前古生界中等变质岩系构成。     

Structure of the Zeya block of Toko Stanovik according to results of magnetotelluric sounding

The paper describes the results of magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) carried out in the Zeya block of the Stanovoi megablock, in the area of its junction with the Aldan Shield. The border between them runs along the Stanovoi fault. Based on the results of interpretation of MTS curves and the gravity, magnetic, and geological data, geological/geophysical sections have been constructed to a depth of 7 km along two ~ 20 km long profiles running across the Stanovoi fault. About 1 km thick and approximately 2 km long conductivity zone has been distinguished beneath the Okonon plateau of Quaternary basalts with electrical resistivity of < 100 Ohmm. This anomaly is associated with ore mineralization in Early Proterozoic gabbro intrusion. A 3D density modeling was performed. High-density bodies of NW strike dip to the northeast to a depth of 25 km in the area of the Okonon basalt plateau.^?Corresponding author.     

Determination of sedimentary cover and structural trends in the Central Sinai area using gravity and magnetic data analysis

The present study is an attempt to determine the sedimentary cover, and structural trends in the central part of Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. This study has been implemented by the integration of gravity and magnetic methods. Gravity data has been used for 2D modelling along some profiles perpendicular to the main structural trends of the study area. Magnetic data will be analyzed to determine the depth to the basement surface. The depths obtained from magnetic data will be used as a control points in the gravity modelling in order to minimize the error and facilitate the iteration of the suggested models. The basement relief map from magnetic and gravity output has been produced. This map indicates that, the basement depths, generally, increases from south to north and from east to west direction of the study area. The sedimentary cover is about 1.5-2 km in the southern part and increases to more than 4 km in the northeastern and western parts and changes gradually in the other parts of the study area. Results of structural trend analysis indicate that, the study area is greatly affected by several structural trends; N-S, E-W, NW-SE, and NNE-SSW directions. These trends are associated with the Baltim fault trend, Tethyan trend, Gulf of Suez, and Aqaba trend, respectively.