内蒙古温其根乌兰蛇绿混杂岩中枕状玄武岩特征及锆石U-Pb年龄

内蒙古温其根乌兰蛇绿混杂岩是内蒙古索伦山-苏左旗-锡林浩特蛇绿岩带的西段部分,岩石组合包括枕状玄武岩、蛇纹岩、菱镁岩、硅质岩、浅变质粉砂质碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩等,岩石呈大小不等的构造岩块产出。枕状玄武岩具高Na2O、低K2O,富集Th、Ta、Nb,亏损K、Sr、Rb、Yb等元素,∑REE含量低,δEu=1.22~1.28,显示正Eu异常等大洋中脊玄武岩特征。LAMC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为475.8±1.6Ma,为研究华北板块北缘的大地构造演化提供了新的证据。     

阿尔金山北东东向构造带内枕状玄武岩的发现及其大地构造意义

阿尔金山是青藏高原的北缘边界,控制了青藏高原北部乃至中国西部的大地构造-地貌格局。通过野外地质调查,在阿尔金山北东东向构造带中段发现了枕状玄武岩,这对研究和探讨阿尔金山乃至青藏高原北缘边界的形成及构造演化将提供重要线索。地球化学测试表明,枕状玄武岩表现为低Si O2、A12O3、P2O5和(Na2O+K2O),显示亚碱性玄武岩和安山岩/玄武岩之间的过渡类型,其中两个样品的Si含量较低,Fe、Ti含量较高(TFe O12%,Ti O22%,TFe O/Mg O1.75),显示出具有Fe-Ti玄武岩特征。稀土元素含量(37.34×10–6~42.14×10–6)、稀土配分模式和微量元素比值,以及Ti/100-Zr-Y×3、Ti/100-Zr-Sr/2、Zr/4-2×Nb-Y图解均表明该枕状玄武岩具有正常大洋中脊玄武岩(N-MORB)的特征;而与典型正常洋中脊玄武岩相比,样品低度富集大离子亲石元素,亏损Zr、Hf和Ti等高场强元素,在Th/Nb-Ce/Nb图中,所有样品落入弧后盆地玄武岩范围内,显示出弧后盆地构造环境。结合北东东向构造带内相关镁铁-超镁铁岩的特征,推测新发现的枕状玄武岩形成于远离海沟的弧后盆地内具有扩张脊的构造环境,其岩浆源区应为一个类似于N-MORB的亏损地幔。通过与阿尔金北缘东西向红柳沟—拉配泉构造带内出露枕状玄武岩的地球化学特征相对比,显示出两者具有完全不同的岩浆源区和构造环境,但与柴北缘地区的早古生代蛇绿岩具有相似的构造环境及岩浆源区,推测阿尔金山北东东向构造带内的枕状玄武岩可能是柴北缘古生代蛇绿岩套的一部分,后遭受阿尔金断裂带左旋走滑运动的构造肢解与拖拽,最终残留在北东东向阿尔金构造带内。     

北阿尔金早古生代的枕状玄武岩及其大地构造意义

对北阿尔金蛇绿混杂岩带中红柳泉剖面的枕状玄武岩进行了岩石地球化学研究,主元素具有高钛高钠、低铝低钾的特点.其中SiO2含量为43.34%～52.55%,Na2O含量为3.97%～7.36%,K2O含量为0.27%～0.94%.TiO2含量为2.13%～5.49%,Al2O3含量为9.02%～13.77%,显示出细碧岩的地球化学特征.微量元素配分模式类似于洋岛或海山玄武岩,不同于洋中脊玄武岩.综合考虑剖面上出现的岩石组合,推测玄武岩形成于弧后盆地环境.     

内蒙古西乌旗梅劳特乌拉蛇绿岩的识别

新识别出的内蒙古西乌旗梅劳特乌拉蛇绿岩位于中朝板块与西伯利亚板块之间的兴蒙造山带北部,从空间展布看,为二连浩特-贺根山蛇绿岩带的东延部分,通过对梅劳特乌拉蛇绿岩进行详细的野外地质调查和岩石学、地球化学、年代学的研究,发现梅劳特乌拉蛇绿岩带呈ENE-NE向展布,宽约6~11km,延伸约24km,蛇绿岩各单元出露较齐全,岩性主要为蛇纹石化方辉辉橄岩、层状-块状辉长岩、辉绿岩脉(墙)、枕状玄武岩、辉斑玄武岩、及硅质岩。蛇纹石化方辉辉橄岩具有低SiO 2、高MgO,稀土配分模式显示宽缓的U型,具SSZ(supra-subduction zone)型蛇绿岩的地幔橄榄岩特征。枕状玄武岩和辉绿岩脉(墙)具低K2O(平均0.82%)和TiO2(0.8%~1.2%)的特征,球粒陨石标准化显示LREE弱亏损的平坦型;微量元素MORB标准化蛛网图显示:枕状玄武岩和辉绿岩脉(墙)的大离子亲石元素Sr、K、Rb和Ba含量明显富集,而高场强元素Nb、Th、Ta、Zr、Ti明显亏损,为典型的SSZ构造背景成因的熔岩特征。获得块状辉长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为308.5±2.2Ma,据此确定梅劳特乌拉蛇绿岩形成于晚石炭世,为约束兴蒙造山带的构造演化提供了新佐证。     

内蒙古迪彦庙蛇绿岩带达哈特前弧玄武岩的发现及其地质意义

内蒙古SSZ型迪彦庙蛇绿岩位于兴蒙造山带北部的二连浩特-贺根山蛇绿岩带。笔者最近在迪彦庙蛇绿岩带西侧达哈特一带新发现前弧枕状玄武岩。该玄武岩岩性为低钾拉斑玄武岩,发育球颗结构和枕状构造。通过LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,获得玄武岩中锆石的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为333.4±8.5Ma。岩石SiO_2 42.97%~50.9%,较低的TiO_2 0.59%~0.94%,富Na_2O(1.58%~4.26%)而贫K_2O(0.04%~0.44%),Na_2O/K_2O为9.59~47.3;岩石具有亏损型稀土配分模式,类似N-MORB,但高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta和Ti等比N-MORB稍低,相容元素Cr、Ni和大离子亲石元素(LILE)K、Rb、Ba、U比N-MORB稍高,与弧拉斑玄武岩相似。地球化学特征指示达哈特枕状玄武岩兼有洋中脊与岛弧双重特性,而更像洋中脊,与马里亚纳前弧玄武岩(FAB)相一致。这一发现为明确二连-贺根山蛇绿岩带早石炭世存在前弧玄武岩提供了岩石学、年代学和地球化学佐证,表明二连-贺根山洋早石炭世发生了洋内初始俯冲和洋陆转化岩浆作用。     

北阿尔金红柳泉早古生代枕状玄武岩及其大地构造意义

对北阿尔金蛇绿混杂岩带中红柳泉剖面的枕状玄武岩进行了岩石地球化学研究,主元素具有高钛高钠、低铝低钾的特点。其中SiO2含量为43.34%～52.55%,Na2O含量为3.97%～7.36%,K2O含量为0.27%～0.94%。TiO2含量为2.13%～5.49%,Al2O3含量为9.02%～13.77%,显示出细碧岩(Spilite)的地球化学特征。微量元素配分模式类似于洋岛或海山玄武岩(OIB/Seamount),不同于洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)。87Sr/86Sr比值为0.7043～0.7052,143Nd/144Nd比值为0.51253～0.51265,εNd(448Ma)为2.19～3.88,玄武岩浆主要来自于上涌的含有富集组分的软流圈地幔。综合考虑剖面上出现的沉积岩石组合,推测玄武岩形成于弧后盆地的海山环境。在阿尔金走滑断裂形成以前,北阿尔金与北祁连构成一个统一的弧后盆地系统,是原特提斯洋在中国境内的最北部边界,这对认识青藏高原和中国西部大地构造格局的演化具有重要意义。     

内蒙古满都拉泥盆纪基性火山岩特征及其形成环境

满都拉西部出露的蛇绿混杂岩中橄榄辉长岩的单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄(385.6±1.7)Ma,显示该蛇绿岩形成于早泥盆世晚期。其中的基性火山岩岩块为一套浅变质的枕状玄武岩、橄榄玄武岩,多与超基性岩岩块伴生。玄武岩的SiO2为47.16%～51.93%,TiO2为1.44%～2.13%,Al2O314.08%～17.51%,Na2O3.42%～5.39%,K2O0.22%～0.83%;具低钾特点,显示拉斑玄武岩特征。其富集大离子亲石元素Rb,Ba,Th和U,贫高场强元素Zr,Ti,Y等,似岛弧玄武岩或岛弧-洋中脊过渡型玄武岩或弧后盆地玄武岩。ΣREE为(113.130～189.560)×10—6,LREE/HREE为0.684～1.369,配分曲线呈右缓倾、平坦型,显示岛弧、洋中脊或E-洋中脊玄武岩特征。根据岩石学、岩石地球化学特征,结合区域构造背景,认为该套火山岩或该蛇绿岩的形成环境为弧后盆地。     

四川理塘地区二叠纪洋岛型岩石组合的识别及其构造意义:来自岩石学、地球化学和年代学证据

甘孜-理塘蛇绿混杂岩带是西南"三江"构造带的重要组成部分,曾经历了古特提斯构造体系的演化,形成了完整的"沟-弧-盆体系"。本文是首次在甘孜-理塘蛇绿混杂岩带内发现有达森隆洼岩组洋岛型岩石组合,通过详细的岩石学、地球化学、年代学研究表明,达森隆洼岩组主要由枕状玄武岩、灰岩、硅质岩组成,玄武岩SiO_2含量为44.18%～48.82%,富TiO_2含量为2.71%～3.02%,∑REE=141.03×10~(-6)～164.94×10~(-6),轻稀土元素较重稀土元素富集,相对富集Rb、Th、U,亏损Ba、K、Sr,无明显的Nb和Ta异常,稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素蛛网图与典型洋岛玄武岩曲线相似。古生物化石显示该套洋岛型岩石组合沉积时代为二叠纪,锆石U-Pb同位素测年获得枕状玄武岩形成年龄为中二叠世。通过本次研究表明,甘孜-理塘洋盆至少在早二叠世时期就已发育有成熟洋盆。     

阿尔金南缘构造带西段早古生代绿片岩的地球化学特征及构造环境

阿尔金南缘构造带西段混杂岩伴生有大量较为新鲜的绿片岩构造岩块。对绿片岩的岩石学和地球化学的详细研究表明,其原岩属于基性火山岩类(拉斑玄武岩类),并存在洋岛(板内)型(OIB)、洋中脊型(E-MORB)和火山弧型(IAT)三类玄武岩。E-MORB型具有大体类似的地球化学性质,它们的TiO2含量均较低,为0.93%～1.75%,平均1.34%;P2O5含量为0.09%～0.15%,平均0.13%;高场强元素Zr为79×10-6～146×10-6,Hf为2.6×10-6～3.5×10-6,Nb为6.6×10-6～15.3×10-6,轻稀土呈亏损-略富集型,具洋中脊玄武岩特征。IAT型TiO2含量比E-MORB型更低,为0.4%,P2O5为0.08%;高场强元素Zr为56×10-6,Hf为1.6×10-6,Nb为5.9×10-6,轻稀土呈略富集型,具岛弧型玄武岩特征。而OIB型均富集TiO2,含量为1.96%～3.08%,平均2.49%;P2O5为0.23%～0.34%,平均值0.26%;高场强元素Zr为204×10-6～237×10-6,Hf为4.2×10-6～7.2×10-6,Nb为14.6×10-6～22.1×10-6,轻稀土呈富集型,具洋岛(板内)玄武岩特征。OIB、E-MORB和IAT组合的出现说明在早古生代阿尔金南缘可能存在过洋盆。     

东天山博格达晚石炭世双峰式火山岩地球化学特征及意义

东天山博格达造山带晚石炭世柳树沟组为一套由玄武岩和流纹岩组成的双峰式火山岩,形成于晚石炭世,其Si O_2含量介于46.18%～46.56%和76.06%～76.25%之间,具有明显的Daly成分间断。其中,玄武岩具富Na贫K特征,Ti O_2、Al_2O_3、Ca O和MgO含量均较高,∑REE为75.54×10~(-6)～80.22×10~(-6),LREE/HREE值为3.00～3.12,以富集Ba、Rb等大离子亲石元素(LILE)和不相容元素(P、K),相对亏损Ti、Ta、Nb等高场强元素(HFSE)和不相容元素(U、Th)为特征;流纹岩Na_2O/K_2O值为0.32～0.36,属低Ti、低Mg类流纹岩,∑REE为520.72×10~(-6)～595.26×10~(-6),LREE/HREE值为5.60～6.53,具有Rb、Th、K、La、Ce、Zr、Hf、Sm等元素的富集以及Ba、U、Ta、Nb、Sr、P和Ti元素的亏损特征。柳树沟组双峰式火山岩形成于大陆裂谷环境,具板内成因特征,玄武岩可能为亏损尖晶石相地幔橄榄岩向石榴石相地幔橄榄岩过渡相较高程度部分熔融的产物,受到地壳物质混染;流纹岩具典型的A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。     

Water Content of Basalt Erupted on the ocean floor

Deep sea pillow basalts dredged from the ocean floor show that vesicularity changes with composition as well as with depth. Alkalic basalts are more vesicular than tholeiitic basalts erupted at the same depth. The vesicularity data, when related to experimentally determined solubility of water in basalt, indicate that K-poor oceanic tholeiites originally contained about 0.25 percent water, Hawaiian tholeiites of intermediate K-content, about 0.5 percent water, and alkali-rich basalts, about 0.9 percent water. Analyses of fresh basalt pillows show a systematic increase of H₂O⁺ as the rocks become more alkalic. K-poor oceanic tholeiites contain 0.06–0.42 percent H₂O⁺, Hawaiian tholeiites, 0.31–0.60 percent H₂O⁺, and alkali rich basalts 0.49–0.98 percent H₂O⁺. The contents of K₂O, P₂O₅, F, and Cl increase directly with an increase in H₂O⁺ content such that at 1.0 weight percent H₂O⁺, K₂O is 1.58 percent, P₂O₅ is 0.55 percent, F is 0.07 percent, and Cl is 0.1 percent. The measured weight percent of deuterium on the rim of one Hawaiian pillow is –6.0 (relative to SMOW); this value, which is similar to other indications of magmatic water, suggests that no appreciable sea water was absorbed by the pillow during or subsequent to eruption on the ocean floor.Concentrations of volatile constituents in the alkali basalt melts relative to tholeiitic melts can be explained by varying degrees of partial melting of mantle material or by fractional crystallization of a magma batch.Publication authorized by the Director, U.S. Geological Survey.     

滇桂交界处古特提斯的洋岛和岛弧火山岩

基于详细的野外调查和系统的岩石化学工作 ,探讨了滇桂交界处二叠纪—中三叠世火山岩的大地构造背景。洋岛玄武岩以弄槐枕状熔岩为代表性火山岩 ,原为古特提斯洋盆中的夏威夷型洋岛 ,现保存在印支期前陆褶皱冲断带的一个外来岩席中。采自鱼塘—那塘、羊加山和甫听河的安山岩—玄武岩指示洋盆从二叠纪至中三叠世一直处于消减中 ,反映了与滇西南古特提斯演化不同的地球动力学背景。以上认识为中、越交界地区构造上属古特提斯造山带提供了新证据 ,为重塑该地的古特提斯演化提供了重要资料。     

西准噶尔玛依勒地区枕状玄武岩年代学、地球化学及岩石成因

通过对造山带内洋岛玄武岩的时代及地球化学性质研究,不仅可以进行古海山/大洋高原的识别,而且还可以进行古洋盆演化及古构造格局恢复。笔者等最新在西准噶尔玛依勒山北侧识别出一套枕状玄武岩,其与火山碎屑岩、硅质岩共生。枕状玄武岩斜长石微晶普遍发育中空骸晶结构,是在水下熔岩急剧萃冷条件下迅速结晶的产物。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得枕状玄武岩206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为437.2±2.2Ma,该年龄的获得填补了志留纪碱性玄武岩的空白。岩石地球化学分析结果显示,玛依勒枕状玄武岩为碱性玄武岩系列,岩石具有中等Si O2(44.89%~47.81%),高Ti O2(3.28%~4.12%)及P2O5(0.50%~0.70%),低Mg O(3.49%~6.79%),轻、重稀土元素分异较为明显((La/Yb)N=5.5~7.3),无明显Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.96~1.06),相对富集Rb、Th、U,亏损Ba、K、Sr,没有明显Nb、Ta负异常,这些地球化学特征与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)极其相似。微量元素含量及反映源区性质的比值表明,枕状玄武岩来源于富集地幔源区,主要组成为尖晶石和石榴石二辉橄榄岩,并发生了5%±的部分熔融,其形成于大洋板内与地幔柱有关的海山/大洋岛屿环境。结合前人研究,认为西准噶尔乃至古亚洲洋在中古生代洋内俯冲的同时,大洋板内可能存在地幔柱活动。     

Babu (SW China)‐Cao Bang (NE Vietnam) Ophiolite Complex: Implications for Tectonic Evolution between South China and the Indochina Block

The convergence process between South China and the Indochina Block is still controversial. A large number of igneous rocks scattered along the current China‐Vietnam border provide a good opportunity to investigate the tectonic evolution. Babu ophiolites, cropping out in the southeastern Yunnan province (SW China), consist primarily of metaperidotite, serpentinite, pillow basalt (metabasalt), gabbro, metadiabase. Most of them are fault contacted and strongly sheared, especially between metaperidotite/serpentinite and metabasalt. U‐Pb zircon analyses yield an Early Permian formation age of ～278 Ma. Basalts and metagabbros show light rare earth elements (LREEs)‐depleted and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs)‐flat REE patterns, and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs)‐depleted primitive‐normalized spider diagrams without Nb‐Ta anomalies, which is similar to N‐MORB. Metaperidotites have low initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os (0.122‐0.126) and γOs values, and indicate that they were derived from a depleted mantle source. Relative low (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)i and high εNd(t) values of basalts and metagabbros also support their DMM origin. The petrological, geochemical and isotope characteristics suggest that Babu ophiolites were N‐MORB‐type and represent remnants of an Early Permian oceanic crust. Mafic‐ultramafic rocks exposed in Cao Bang area (NE Vietnam) have recently been considered as dismembered Paleotethyan ophiolites instead of were genetically linked to the Emeishan Large Igneous Province. U‐Pb zircon analyses suggest an Early‐Middle Permian age (274 ±18 Ma) for the formation of ultramafic rocks. Both whole rock geochemistry and Cr‐spinel mineral chemistry show MORB‐like characteristics. Field observations suggest that Babu and Cao Bang ophiolite complex structurally overlie Middle‐Triassic deposits, and form a tectonic mélange zone. It developed from the subduction of a Paleotethyan subsidiary ocean basin between the South China and Indochina blocks until their collision..     

Geodynamic significance of the Cretaceous pillow basalts from North Anatolian Ophiolitic Mélange Belt (Central Anatolia,Turkey): geochemical and paleontological constraints

The most widespread blocks within the Cretaceous ophiolitic mélange (North Anatolian ophiolitic mélange) in Central Anatolia (Turkey) are pillow basalts, radiolarites, other ophiolitic fragments and Jurassic-Cretaceous carbonate blocks. The pillow basalts crop out as discrete blocks in close relation to radiolarites and ophiolitic units in Cretaceous ophiolitic mélange.

The geochemical results suggest that analyzed pillow basalts are within-plate ocean island alkali basalts. The enrichment of incompatible elements (Nb, Ta, Light REE, Th, U, Cs, Rb, Ba, K) demonstrates the ocean island environment (both tholeiites and alkali basalts) and enriched MORB. Dated calcareous intrafills and biodetrital carbonates reveal an age span of Callovian—Early Aptian. The thin-shelled protoglobigerinids, belonging to the genus Globuligerina, in the calcareous intrafills between pillow basalt lobes indicates a Callovian—Barremian age interval, most probably, Valanginian to Late Barremian. The volcanic and radiolarite detritus-bearing orbitolinid—Baccinella biodetrital carbonates dated as Late Barremian-Early Aptian in age, were probably deposited around atolls and have a close relationship with the ocean island pillow basalts.

The results collectively support the presence of a seamount on the Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust during the Valanginian—Late Barremian and atolls during the Late Barremian-Early Aptian interval. The presence of an oceanic crust older than that seamount along the Northern Branch of Neo-Tethys is conformable with the geodynamic evolution of the Tethys.     

特提斯喜马拉雅-印度地体初始裂解:来自藏南地区晚白垩世OIB型玄武岩的证据

长期以来关于喜马拉雅地体是否从印度大陆裂解以及何时裂解的问题存在较大争议,而藏南卡达地区新发现的晚白垩世枕状玄武岩为解决该问题提供了新的证据.卡达玄武岩位于卡达乡北侧,玄武岩呈北西西向不整合于中侏罗统遮拉组之上,锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素定年获得的成岩年龄为92.1±1.2 Ma,代表特提斯喜马拉雅地区晚白垩世时期火山活动.卡达玄武岩主量元素、微量元素分析结果显示,玄武岩为碱性玄武岩,轻重稀土明显分馏（（La/Yb）_N=5.7~7.1）,无Nb-Ta、Eu、Zr-Hf负异常,以及高Fe、P、Ti含量,低（La/Nb）_PM、（Th/Ta）_PM比值特征.锆石ε_Hf（t）值介于9.02~12.97,平均为10.50,地幔模式年龄t_DM1为241~399 Ma.地球化学指标以及同位素组成显示卡达玄武岩为未受地壳混染的OIB型玄武岩,岩浆起源于含石榴石、尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的部分熔融.卡达玄武岩形成于特提斯喜马拉雅被动大陆边缘环境,被动大陆边缘的火山岩浆岩通常与大陆裂解有关,结合古地磁研究结果以及新特提斯洋盆演化证据,认为卡达玄武岩与特提斯喜马拉雅和印度地体的裂解有关,代表大陆地壳初始裂解的时间.      

Permo-Triassic plume magmatism of the Kuznetsk Basin,Central Asia: geology,geochronology, and geochemistry

The Kuznetsk Basin is located in the northern part of the Altai–Sayan Folded Area (ASFA), southwestern Siberia. Its Late Permian–Middle Triassic section includes basaltic stratum-like bodies, sills, formed at 250–248 Ma. The basalts are medium-high-Ti tholeiites enriched in La. Compositionally they are close to the Early Triassic basalts of the Syverma Formation in the Siberian Flood basalt large igneous province, basalts of the Urengoi Rift in the West Siberian Basin and to the Triassic basalts of the North-Mongolian rift system. The basalts probably formed in relation to mantle plume activity: they are enriched in light rare-earth elements (LREE; La_n = 90–115, La/Sm_n = 2.4–2.6) but relatively depleted in Nb (Nb/La_PM = 0.34–0.48). Low to medium differentiation of heavy rare-earth elements (HREE; Gd/Yb_n = 1.4–1.7) suggests a spinel facies mantle source for basaltic melts. Our obtained data on the composition and age of the Kuznetsk basalts support the previous idea about their genetic and structural links with the Permian–Triassic continental flood basalts of the Siberian Platform (Siberian Traps) possibly related to the activity of the Siberian superplume which peaked at 252–248 Ma. The abruptly changing thickness of the Kuznetsk Late Permian–Middle Triassic units suggests their formation within an extensional regime similar to the exposed rifts of Southern Urals and northern Mongolia and buried rifts of the West Siberian Basin.     

吐哈盆地早二叠世玄武岩原始岩浆性质:来自熔融包裹体成分的制约

东天山地区的二叠纪玄武岩沿着区域的北东东向断裂呈脉状分布,吐哈盆地玄武岩的40Ar-39Ar坪年龄为298.2±3.8Ma,为早二叠世,与前人的玄武岩年龄结果在误差范围内一致。可能与东天山地区二叠纪岩浆铜镍矿床镁铁-超镁铁岩有密切的成因联系。吐哈玄武岩的主微量成分显示其为岛弧拉斑、大陆弧玄武岩,轻稀土富集和Nb、Ta负异常,指示源区可能经历过俯冲作用的改造。吐哈盆地二叠纪玄武岩含有新鲜的橄榄石和长石斑晶,橄榄石斑晶中熔融包裹体较发育。熔融包裹体为玻璃质、气相和玻璃质、气相、固相两种类型。包裹体中不透明矿物主要为磁铁矿,说明捕获包裹体时岩浆的氧逸度和Fe含量较高。熔融包裹体分为高MgO和低MgO含量两种。高MgO含量的包体同时具有低SiO_2、低微量和稀土元素含量的特征,可能为地幔高部分熔融的产物,且经历过深部演化程度较弱。该高MgO熔体的微量元素显示Nb、Ta亏损的特征,具有N-MORB特征的微量和稀土元素分配模式,预示该熔体为受到俯冲交代的地幔熔融形成。熔融包裹体相对玄武岩具有低的Th和Ta含量、相对弱的Nb和Ta的负异常的特征,指示熔融包裹体的成分经受改造程度低于玄武岩,暗示可能为经历过较少后期作用改造的相对原始的熔体。熔体中Cu含量(12.4×10~(-6)~299×10~(-6))在正常玄武质岩浆含量范围内,而Ni含量(236×10~(-6)~697×10~(-6))高于高镁溢流科马提岩和洋中脊玄武岩。该Cu、Ni含量略显解耦的熔体可能代表了经历过深部少量的硫化物熔离,带走小部分Cu和Ni等成矿元素之后所捕获的岩浆。如果将该熔体视为东天山地区二叠纪岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床的母岩浆,该母岩浆中Ni含量相对较高可能是岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床中矿石的Ni/Cu比值大多大于1.0的主要因素。     

西准噶尔玛依勒蛇绿混杂岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及源区特征

西准噶尔地区出露多条蛇绿混杂岩带,对其进行精确的锆石U-Pb年代学及岩石地球化学研究可以为揭示西准噶尔地区古大洋形成与演化过程、恢复古构造格局及追溯岩浆源区物质来源提供线索.本文对玛依勒蛇绿混杂岩中的辉长岩及玄武岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学及全岩地球化学研究,获得辉长岩中锆石的加权平均206Pb/238U年龄为572.2±9.2Ma,属于早震旦纪,该年龄是准噶尔乃至北疆地区报道的最古老的蛇绿混杂岩年龄.玛依勒蛇绿混杂岩中的枕状玄武岩为碱性玄武岩,岩石具有高Ti(TiO2=1.65％ ～3.13％)、高Fe(FeOT=8.93％ ～ 18.11％)、高Mg(MgO=3.95％ ～ 5.27％)及高P(P2O5 =0.17％～0.51％),Th/Ta比值相对较高(=1.1～1.9),LREE和HREE分异较为明显((La/Yb)N =2.5 ～7.4)等特征,这些特征与洋岛玄武岩类似,可能形成于大洋板内的洋岛或海山环境.其中的辉长岩地球化学特征不同于玄武岩,可能形成与俯冲有关的环境.玛依勒蛇绿混杂岩中玄武岩与EMI型洋岛玄武岩具有相似的地球化学特征,表明其岩浆源区可能为EMI型富集地幔.岩石成因与软流圈地幔关系密切,软流圈的上涌导致尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩地幔源区大比例部分熔融,是岩石圈-软流圈地幔相互作用的产物.     

Petrology of the dykes from the Waziristan Ophiolite,NW Pakistan

The Waziristan Ophiolite is located in the suture zone between the Indian Plate to the east and Afghan Block to the west. It is highly dismembered and divisible into three main sheets or nappes, which from east to west are: the Vezhda Sar Nappe, entirely comprised of pillow basalts; the Boya Nappe, made up of ophiolitic melange with an intact section in its basal part; and the Datta Khel Nappe, consisting mainly of sheeted dykes with smaller proportions of other components. Faunal evidence suggests that the ophiolite is of Tithonian-Valanginian age. It was thrust over the Mesozoic shelf-slope sediments of the Indian Plate to the east during the Paleocene and is unconformably overlain by sedimentary rocks of Early to Middle Eocene age to the west. Beside the sheeted dykes, best exposed in the hanging wall of the Datta Khel Thrust ENE of Datta Khel, the ophiolite also contains isolated dykes. These are doleritic and basaltic in composition. The dykes contain high Na₂O contents and high FeO^t/MgO and LILE/HFSE ratios, and low TiO₂ (<0.1 wt%) and K₂O contents. Non-depletion of Nb and high LILE/HFSE ratio negate, respectively, an island-arc or mid-ocean ridge setting for these dykes. Enrichment in the LILE suggests the involvement of a crustal component driven by fluids along the subduction zone. Several geochemical parameters suggest that the dykes of Waziristan Ophiolite have transitional characteristics between mid-ocean ridge basalt and island-arc tholeiite. It is therefore proposed that these dykes may have originated in a back-arc basin tectonic setting.