泰国玄武岩红宝石的宝石学及化学成分特征

以产自泰国玄武岩的红宝石为研究对象,采用宝石学常规仪器、电子探针、LA-ICP-MS、紫外-可见光光度计、红外光谱、拉曼光谱等测试方法探究泰国红宝石的宝石学特征、化学元素特征、谱学特征,并与缅甸大理岩型红宝石、莫桑比克角闪岩型红宝石初步对比,分析产地特征。研究结果表明,泰国红宝石颜色较深,紫外光长波下多呈中等-弱红色荧光,短波下呈惰性;内部包裹体丰富,可见多种形态的固态、流体包裹体,双晶发育;化学成分主要为Al₂O₃,含有Cr、Fe、Ti、Mg、V、Ga、Si、Ni等微量元素,以高Fe、高Mg、低Ga为特征。紫外-可见光吸收光谱为Cr+Fe谱,Cr相关荧光峰较弱,红外光谱测试样品为红宝石,拉曼光谱存在6个振动峰,与刚玉标准拉曼光谱重合度较高。通过对红宝石的外观、荧光性、内部所含固态包裹体、流体包裹体种类及形态可对红宝石初步进行产地鉴别;微量元素Cr、Fe、Mg、Ga、V、Ti含量具有明显产地特征;不同产地红宝石的紫外-可见光光谱在吸收峰值上略有差异。     

一种铅玻璃充填红宝石中的包裹体特征

采用宝石显微镜、电子探针及其背散射电子成像技术研究了目前市场上的一种铅玻璃充填红宝石样品,重点分析了其固体包裹体的成分、形态、分布等特征以及铅玻璃充填物。该红宝石原石样品为暗红色-浅红色,透明-半透明,以六方柱状为主,未见或少见桶状或腰鼓状。研究结果显示,样品经过了铅玻璃充填与热处理,但处理温度较低,其矿物包裹体没有明显的热熔现象。其矿物包裹体有金红石、锆石、磷灰石、云母以及尖晶石等。其中,金红石包裹体可分为先成与同生两种,先成金红石包裹体可见破损现象,同生金红石包裹体主要呈短柱状,部分为长柱状。最后,对该红宝石样品中包裹体的成因及其可能产地进行了讨论。     

氢气还原处理对天然金红石可见光吸收的影响机制

天然半导体矿物金红石因结构中含有类质同象替代杂质元素V和Fe,具有一定的可见光吸收和光催化活性。为改善金红石的日光光催化性能,在H2还原气氛下,对天然金红石粉末进行500～900℃不同温度的热处理改性研究。紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱（UV-Vis diffuse reflectance absorption spectra）表明H2还原处理显著改善了金红石在可见光区460～750 nm波段的光吸收,其中900℃处理样品的光吸收提升最为明显。电子顺磁共振（EPR）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）测试表明,随着还原温度升高,杂质元素V和Fe从高价态（V5＋,Fe3＋）向较低的价态（V4＋,V3＋,Fe2＋）转化,同时金红石表面的化学吸附水含量也有所增加。本文认为H2还原热处理引起的过渡金属元素价态的改变,尤其是较低氧化态V离子（V4＋和V3＋）的形成,可能是导致金红石样品可见光吸收显著增加的主要原因。     

金绿宝石和变石的呈色机理

对24块世界主要产地的金绿宝石和变石进行X荧光能谱分析,得到其所含的主要微量元素分别是Fe、Ga、Ti和Fe、Cr、Ti。金绿宝石和变石各1块样品的同步辐射X荧光能谱半定量分析表明金绿宝石中Fe含量平均为17 800×10^-6,Cr为855×10^-6;变石中Fe含量为16 060×10^-6,Cr含量达13 333×10^-6。对15个样品的可见吸收光谱进行测试及解释表明金绿宝石的可见吸收光谱是由Fe³⁺引起,变石的可见吸收光谱由Cr³⁺和Fe³⁺共同引起。色度学的分析和系列计算表明具有440～470 nm间最大吸收和540～630 nm宽吸收带的双峰形状的可见吸收光谱,可产生红-绿色的变石效应,通过向着该双峰形状的可见光谱的方向进行变石的优化处理可以获得宝石的变石效应。     

HPHT合成钻石在首饰中的鉴别特征

国家黄金钻石制品质量监督检验中心收到待检的百余件群镶钻石首饰中发现混有大量HPHT合成黄色钻石.采用宝石显微镜、红外光谱仪、X射线荧光光谱仪、紫外可见光分光光谱仪、紫外荧光灯、DiamondView^TM等对HPHT合成钻石样品做了详细地测试与分析.结果表明,这些HPHT合成钻石样品具有较为统一的黄色,放大检查可见合成钻石内部含有大量棒状、柱状、细小微粒状的铁镍合金包裹体,且几乎都有磁性,有些磁性甚至较强;样品的红外反射光谱非常特征,均具有明显的1 131 cm^-1处的吸收峰,为Ⅰb型钻石,而Ⅰb型钻石在天然钻石中极少见到;X射线荧光光谱测试显示有强烈的铁峰和镍峰,且在短波紫外线下多数具有绿黄色荧光.HPHT合成钻石在DiamondView^TM下具有不同程度的黄绿色荧光,部分具有黑十字现象.     

金红石微量元素电子探针分析

金红石电子探针微量元素分析一般以人工合成的氧化物来作为监测标样,尚较缺乏对金红石标样进行系统地测试分析。本文运用CAMECA SXFive电子探针对金红石标样R10进行微量元素分析,根据金红石中主要微量元素在地质学中的应用,本次共分析了Al、Si、Ti、Fe、Cr、Zr、V、Nb、Ta等9个元素,Ti、Si元素作为本次分析的监测元素。本文通过调整加速电压和电流、背景和峰值测试时长以及干扰谱峰处理等来提高微量元素分析精度和准确度。分析结果显示,其中,Zr(780±29×10~(-6))(1SD,n=25)、Nb(2799±66×10~(-6))、V(1276±33×10~(-6))、Fe(4309±34×10~(-6))、Cr(718±31×10~(-6))的分析结果与二次离子质谱(SIMS)和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)的推荐值在误差范围内一致。大部分元素数据波动范围在10%以内,V、Fe元素的数据波动范围仅在5%以内。V、Nb和Fe测试精度比前人电子探针分析结果有较大提高。金红石Zr测试误差传递给金红石Zr温度计给出的温度误差一般22℃。本文还对金红石Zr温度计应用、提高Ta元素分析精度和准确度、金红石Fe~(3+)分析等问题进行了探讨。     

江苏东海毛发状水晶中金红石矿物学、地球化学特征

东海是中国著名的水晶产地,水晶矿床主要产于苏鲁超高压变质带东海境内中,发育于榴辉岩、片麻岩张裂隙中及其接触带中。本文利用背散射图象技术和电子探针定量分析相结合的方法,研究了水晶中的固体包裹体金红石的类型和地球化学特征。结果表明,水晶中金红石主要有4种类型。在背散射图象下,类型2和类型3金红石呈棱角状、不规则状镶嵌于类型1金红石中以及类型3金红石呈不规则状充填于类型2中。类型2金红石表面有较多的裂隙,而类型1、类型3和类型4金红石表面则比较光滑。还没有发现类型4金红石和其它类型金红石之间的明确关系。电子探针分析结果显示,相对其它金红石来说,水晶中的金红石Fe和Nb的含量较高(Fe为2500×10-6-26700×10-6,Nb为782×10-6-6000×10-6);而V和Cr地元素含量则基本相当。在此基础上,本文进一步探讨了水晶中金红石可能的源区。     

麻粒岩相金红石微量元素体系

麻粒岩是研究地壳演化最重要的变质岩类,金红石作为麻粒岩中常见的副矿物之一,深入探究其微量元素体系特点,可为大陆地壳演化研究提供新的视角.根据麻粒岩金红石的基础数据（显微结构、微量元素、离子替换方式）以及地壳常见造岩矿物的微量元素特点,初步探讨了麻粒岩变质过程中微量元素行为和扩散效应.麻粒岩金红石Zr含量可记录不同阶段的变质温度,但次生锆石和钛铁矿可对其Zr含量有较大影响,作为孤立体系（不与锆石和石英平衡）的金红石不能用于温度计算;金红石Nb、Ta、Cr和V不仅受全岩成分控制,还与变质过程中黑云母、钛铁矿、蓝晶石等矿物的形成和分解紧密相关;金红石与富Fe矿物之间有强烈的Fe扩散效应.深入理解麻粒岩变质过程中金红石微量元素行为,可为限定大陆地壳变质演化和动力学过程提供重要的矿物学信息.      

金绿宝石和变石中的微量元素研究

SRXRF微探针分析结果表明:金绿宝石和变石中主要的微量元素组成分别是Fe、Ga、Ti、Ca和Fe、Cr、Ti、Ca;Cr含量及Cr/Fe比不同是两种宝石微量元素的主要区别及形成不同颜色的原因。金绿宝石中的Ga含量达1600×10-6,说明它是又一载Ga矿物。SRXRF实验分析还得到了两种宝石中微量元素的相关性关系和浓度变化规律,结果表明在金绿宝石中主要是Ga、在变石中主要是Cr与其它微量元素负相关而相互替代;自金绿宝石或变石的中心到边缘处,Ti含量逐渐降低,Ga或Cr含量逐渐增加,Ti优先被Ga或Cr替代出晶格而形成猫眼;这两种宝石的形成还有富Ga或富Cr的成矿物质的加入。     

CCSD主孔超高压榴辉岩金红石中的矿物包裹体研究

金红石是榴辉岩中的主要含钛副矿物。中国大陆科学钻探工程（CCSD）主孔100～2000m岩心样品中，金红石榴辉岩、多硅白云母榴辉岩和蓝晶石榴辉岩中都程度不等地含有金红石。金红石既可以与其他矿物一起被石榴石、绿辉石等主要变质矿物包裹，也可以包裹其他矿物。本文利用电子探针技术，对CCSD所揭示的超高压榴辉岩的金红石中的矿物包裹体进行了鉴定和分析。结果显示，绿辉石、富铪锆石、高铝榍石、韭闪石和红闪石、斜黝帘石等矿物包裹体形成于榴辉岩相进变质至峰期变质阶段；随着超高压变质带快速折返，榴辉岩经受强烈的退变质作用，包括金红石、绿辉石在内的多种矿物都经受了退变质作用，与金红石共生的钛铁矿完全或者部分退变成含铁金红石和钛铁晶石。在退变的金红石中，还发现了透辉石＋斜长石后成合晶、低铝榍石、镁绿闪石等退变质矿物组合。     

Spectroscopic Features and Coloration of Gem-Quality Green Tsavorite in Major International Deposits and China

Tsavorite green colored by Cr3+/V3+ has been traditionally found and mined in Tanzania, Kenya and Madagascar in the Neoproterozoic Mozambique metamorphic belt (NMMB), and recently be found in Sanjiang, Litang, Sichuan, China. The differences of the chemical formula, spectroscopic features, as well as the concentrations of the V2O3 and Cr2O3 in the tsavorite crystals collected from major international deposits and Sanjiang, China have been investigated using EPMA, XRF, UV-VIS spectrometers, FTIR, Raman scattering microscopy, DiamondView TM techniques. It was found that the chemical formulas of African tsavorite and Chinese tsavorite are Ca3(Al,V)2[SiO4]3 and Ca3(Al,Cr)2[SiO4]3, respectively, indicating that tsavorite is a solid solution between dominant grossular and minor goldmanite and uvarovite. Two broad bands centered at 430 nm and 605 nm were the main absorption features in the tsavorite samples, which attribute to the absorption of Cr3+ and/or V3+ ions in the lattice. The green coloration is caused by Cr3+ and/or V3+ ions resulting in the absorption of purple and red components of the visible light. Absorptions caused of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions could add the bluish color component in some of tsavorite samples. The intensity of green color is proportional to the concentrations of V2O3 and Cr2O3. The basic gemological properties, such as refractive index in the investigated samples were presented, and the definition and chemical and spectroscopic properties of tsavorite are discussed.     

无色-近无色高温高压合成钻石的谱图特征及其鉴别方法

实验室发现大量小颗粒的无色高温高压(HPHT)合成钻石与天然钻石混杂镶嵌在各种饰品中,前人提出荧光和磷光特征是主要的快速区分特征,然而荧光、磷光特征的差异并不能完全将HPHT合成钻石与天然钻石区分开来。本文将常规的宝石学观察分析与多种高精度谱学测试相结合,对五粒不同的无色-近无色HPHT合成钻石样品进行深入研究。结果表明,五粒钻石在紫外可见吸收光谱无270 nm吸收或是只有极弱的270 nm吸收,随着颜色级别的降低,270 nm吸收越明显。红外光谱测试显示,各粒样品中都含有不等量的硼元素。光致发光光谱测试表明,HPHT合成钻石含有与微量N、Ni、Si等相关的晶格缺陷。超短波紫外光源激发下,所有的HPHT合成钻石都有强磷光,在钻石观察仪下可以观测到清晰的八面体和立方体分区特征。显然,不同的合成钻石的特征略有差异,但综合其荧光及磷光特征以及红外、紫外、光致发光光谱特征,可以准确地将无色HPHT合成钻石与对应的天然钻石区分开来。     

Mie scattering and charge transfer phenomena as causes of the UV edge in the absorption spectra of natural and synthetic almandine garnets

 The UV edge in the electronic absorption spectra of minerals, in many cases influencing their colour, is generally interpreted as the low-energy wing of very strong UV bands caused by ligand–metal charge transfer (CT) transitions (e.g. Burns 1993). However, Mie scattering theory shows that the presence of randomly distributed submicroscopic inclusions with narrow size distribution and a refractive index n _i in a matrix with different refractive index n _m may give rise to a λ-dependent, band-like scattering (e.g. Kortüm 1969). Such scattering bands have so far not been considered as contributing to the UV edge. Single-crystal electronic absorption spectra of eight natural almandine-rich garnets (Alm₆₀–Alm₈₈), two synthetic almandine samples (Alm₁₀₀), all of different colours, and synthetic spessartine were studied by means of a Zeiss microscope-spectrometer in the range 40 000–20 000 cm⁻¹. Special techniques of spectral measurements with crossed analyzer and polarizer, which enable the registration of the scattering effect directly, were used as well. Four of the above garnets were also investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Different types of inclusions, from 10 to several 100 nm in size, were observed in the garnet matrices. They are abundant in cores of synthetic garnets, but very rare in most natural almandines studied. Electronic absorption spectra of the natural almandine garnets show largely varying UV edge position and, hence, intensity at a given wavenumber which correlates with the intensities of spin-forbidden dd bands of Fe³⁺ ions at 27 000 and 28 000 cm⁻¹, superimposed on the long energy slope of the UV absorption. There are also positive correlations between Ti⁴⁺ and Fe³⁺ content, the latter recalculated on the basis of garnet stoichiometry, and UV edge intensity. Thus, the presence of Ti⁴⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions in octahedra, even in very low concentrations (0.0n at. pfu), leads to CT phenomena, that probably involve Fe²⁺ ions in edge-shared dodecahedral position and intensifies ligand- to-metal CT. The different colours of natural almandine garnets with similar Fe²⁺ contents studied here are caused by this effect. Consistent with the absence of inclusions in most natural garnets studied, λ-dependent scattering plays no role in their UV absorption. In contrast, in synthetic almandine and spessartine crystals, a different intensity of UV absorption was observed in inclusion-free rims and inclusion-enriched cores. Some of the latter demonstrate typical scattering patterns when measured at crossed polarizers. Received: 10 April 2001 / Accepted: 27 September 2001     

Corundum inclusions in diamonds—discriminatory criteria and a corundum compositional dataset

Mineral inclusions of corundum are reported from diamonds from alluvial deposits of tributaries of the Rio Aripuanã, Juina, Brazil. We present the first recorded occurrence of sapphire as an inclusion in diamond and expand on the database of ruby and white corundum inclusions. Ruby inclusions are found to occur both as isolated and touching grains with aluminous pyroxene and associated with ferropericlase. Mineral chemistry and phase relations place the origin of such ruby-bearing diamonds within the lower mantle at 770 km. Mineral associations indaving other corundum inclusions were not observed; hence, their depth of origin is less certain.

Compositions of corundum samples were characterised by electron and ion microprobe. Given the scarcity of literature data, corundum samples from a variety of other geological settings were also analysed. Samples comprised corundums associated with granitic emplacement, metasomatism, amphibolite-facies and granulite-facies rocks, gem and industrial synthetic origins and carmine-coloured corundums recovered from kimberlite drill cores.

In addition to variable amounts of Cr, Fe, Ti, Mg and Si, measurable quantities of other transition elements and high field strength elements were also detected. Corundums from similar geological settings show very similar compositions and are easily distinguishable from other settings. Irrespective of locality, rubies from Norwegian, Tanzanian and Kenyan amphibolite-facies rocks are compositionally indistinguishable. Additionally, corundums from metasomatised zones associated with contact metamorphism from Arizona and Japan were very similar, particularly characterised by unusually high abundance of mobile Zr and Nb (tens of ppm). All Juina inclusions are particularly distinguishable from other corundums by high concentrations of Ni (18–171 ppm weight), typically at least an order of magnitude enriched over the same corundum varietal types from elsewhere. Furthermore, the sapphire inclusion exhibited much larger ratios of Ga and Ge to HFSE elements compared to otherwise similar samples, and ruby inclusions are distinguished by high Mg/Fe ratios (0.27–1.56 by weight). Compositional differences between inclusions in diamonds and corundums from other settings in addition to corundum's physical and chemical durability suggest that with the employment of rapid identification tools such as energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and laser-ICPMS, corundum has promise as an indicator of diamond prospectivity.     

云南大丫口祖母绿颜色环带成因对多阶段成矿的指示意义

云南大丫口祖母绿常出现颜色环带,且伴随明显成分变化,而目前颜色环带的成因仍存争议,相关的多阶段成矿假说尚缺少明确证据。文章通过电子探针和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪对大丫口祖母绿的颜色环带及黑色矿物包裹体进行主微量元素成分分析,并对不同类型岩脉祖母绿中流体包裹体进行显微测温分析,进而探讨祖母绿颜色环带成因与多阶段成矿的联系。成分测试结果表明,从浅绿白核部至绿色边部,V(970×10^-6→10 077×10^-6)、Rb(9.6×10^-6→27.4×10^-6)、Cs(535×10^-6→3 108×10^-6)、Fe(1 376×10^-6→2 199×10^-6)和Ga(4×10^-6→14.7×10^-6)等微量元素的含量急剧增加。结合绿色晶体边部中同生黑色富钒电气石包裹体的分布,有力证明了大丫口祖母绿颜色分带的形成与晶体的多阶段成矿有关。流体包裹体测试结果表明,含矿长石-方解石脉、含矿石英脉和伟晶岩-变粒岩接触带中矿物的流体包裹体盐度范围分别为3.39%~10.36%(NaCl_eq)、5.71%~12.29%(NaCl_eq)和8%~18.72%(NaCl_eq),指示了伟晶岩脉中祖母绿的多阶段结晶,且表明随结晶阶段演变,成矿流体的盐度逐渐升高。同时,成矿流体盐度升高也是晚期云英岩化阶段致色元素含量剧增的原因。     

赤峰东南部建平群斜长角闪岩黑云母矿物化学特征及地质意义

利用电子探针、激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱测试技术,对赤峰东南部建平群斜长角闪岩中黑云母的常量元素、微量(稀土)元素进行了测试分析。研究表明:赤峰东南部建平群斜长角闪岩中的黑云母主量元素以富Fe、Mg为特征,为高铁镁云母;黑云母稀土元素含量低,轻重稀土分馏较强,δEu、δCe均值为正,为选择Ce、Nd的配分型矿物;黑云母中Rb、Ba、Pb和Cs等大离子亲石元素富集,特别是Cs、Ba明显富集,而Sr略有亏损;高场强元素Zr、Hf、Sc等亏损,较富集的元素为U、Th、Nb、Ta元素;亏损的亲铁元素为Cr、Ni,而显著富集的元素为V、Ti;亲硫元素Cu亏损而Zn明显富集;分散元素Ga有明显的富集。     

湖南栗山铅锌铜多金属矿床闪锌矿微量元素特征及成矿指示意义

位于江南造山带中段的湘东北地区是我国华南重要的金铅锌铜钴多金属矿产地之一,栗山铅锌铜多金属矿床是该区近年来找矿勘查新发现的一大型矿床。该矿床位于晚侏罗世—早白垩世幕阜山岩体南缘,矿体主要赋存于岩体及其与地层接触带的构造破碎带内,空间上与岩体关系密切,然而目前关于该矿床的研究十分薄弱。本文采用电子探针和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪开展了闪锌矿的原位微区微量元素分析。微量元素组成分析结果表明,闪锌矿以富集Co、Ga而贫Fe、Cd、Ge为特征,其中Fe、Mn、Cd、Co、Ga等元素以类质同象形式产出,而Cu、Pb、Ag和Sn等元素则还以包裹体形式赋存于闪锌矿中。根据不同微量元素间的相关关系,认为闪锌矿中可能存在Zn²⁺↔Fe²⁺、4 Zn²⁺↔2 Fe²⁺+Ge⁴⁺+□(其中□表示空位)、3 Zn²⁺↔2 Cu⁺+Ge⁴⁺、2 Zn²⁺↔Ag⁺+Sb³⁺等简单和复杂替代关系。闪锌矿的Zn/Fe、Ga/Ge、Ge/In、Ga/In比值和Fe温度计等指示闪锌矿形成于中低温(240~250 ℃)、低硫逸度(lgf(S₂)=-13.3~-9.6)环境。栗山矿区闪锌矿的微量元素组成特征有别于金顶砂岩型、SEDEX型、VMS型、MVT型和夕卡岩型铅锌矿,结合低的Cd/Fe(0.03~0.14,平均0.06)、Cd/Mn(1.54~6.30,平均2.91)比值和Ge含量,暗示该矿床成矿作用与岩浆活动有关。综合矿区地质特征和区域构造-岩浆演化,认为该矿床是在太平洋板块俯冲后撤引起的伸展构造背景下形成的与燕山期幕阜山岩体有关的中低温岩浆热液充填交代型矿床。该类型矿床闪锌矿具有鲜明的微量元素组成特征,可为判别具相似地质特征的矿床成因提供借鉴。     

华北地块东南缘中生代侵入杂岩中所含榴辉岩类包体矿物微量元素地球化学特征及其意义

华北地块东南缘中生代侵入杂岩中所含榴辉岩类包体中矿物的分析结果表明, 组成榴辉岩类包体的各矿物之间元素的分配在榴辉岩相变质阶段已经达到了化学平衡;石榴石中Al、Fe、Mn, 单斜辉石中Na、Mg、Ca, 角闪石中Na、Mg、Fe等主量元素含量与其全岩之间均呈良好的正相关, 受全岩成分制约;石榴石明显富集HREE、贫LREE, 单斜辉石相对富集LREE、MREE、贫HREE, 两者轻、重稀土含量呈相互消长的互补关系, 石榴石和单斜辉石中分别富集Y、Sr, Ga和过渡族元素Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Co等含量较高, 其含量受全岩成分控制;金红石中稀土元素的含量很少, Fe、Al、Mg、Ca、Mn、Nb、Ta、Cr和Zr含量相对较高, Rb、Sr、Ba含量极低, 部分微量元素(如Nb、Cr、Fe、V、W等)含量与其原岩有继承和对应关系;部分原生或/和退变角闪石的REE配分模式分别与单斜辉石和石榴石相似, 过渡族金属元素等的含量与石榴石、单斜辉石和全岩具有一定的相关性, 角闪石容纳Na、K、Sr、Rb、Ba等元素的能力较强, 其成分除受全岩成分的制约外, 石榴石、单斜辉石对其形成也有影响。榴辉岩类包体与其寄主中生代侵入杂岩中部分高价态/高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素(HREE)呈相互消长的关系。榴辉岩的形成与扬子地块和华北地块之间的俯冲-碰撞作用有关。     

Trace-element contents and cathodoluminescence of “trapiche” rubies from Mong Hsu, Myanmar (Burma): geological significance

Summary ?Mong Hsu rubies of the “trapiche” type are sporadically seen in the gem market. However, they have never been described in the field. The study of the nature of solid inclusions, the variation of trace-element contents, as well as the cathodoluminescence behaviour of six “trapiche” rubies permit the conclusion that these rubies crystallised in the same geological environment (marble-type deposit) as the normal rubies from Mong Hsu: (1) Cr and V are the main chromophorous elements in both ruby types; they act, together with Ti, as activators or quenchers for cathodoluminescence; (2) calcite, dolomite, rutile, mica, diaspore, apatite, chlorite, and feldspar are solid inclusions found in both ruby types; (3) the presence of bastn?site in trapiche ruby and fluorite in non-trapiche ruby indicates the circulation of F-bearing fluids during ruby deposition; (4) the distribution of trace-element contents in the crystal is similar for both ruby types. In the Cr₂O₃ vs. Fe₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ vs. Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ diagrams, the population fields of Mong Hsu “trapiche” and non-“trapiche” rubies overlap. They are distinct from those of rubies and sapphires hosted in basalts from South-east Asia. Received October 30, 2001; revised version accepted March 25, 2002