滇西北与喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩有关的金矿成矿系统

滇西北地区广泛发育一套以喜马拉雅期为主，以富碱为特点的斑岩体(脉)，空间上具有以岩体(脉)集中区为单元，不同单元组成岩带，多岩带近平行产出的特征。富碱岩浆是地幔富碱质流体经由深大断裂上升至壳-幔混合带激发其岩石部分熔融的产物。金矿成矿与岩浆成岩一脉相承，形影相随，具有与富碱岩体完全一致的时空分布特点，体现了其成岩成矿受区域构造控制的一体化特征。成矿流体主要源于地幔，矿质则地幔与岩浆源区兼而有之。岩浆和岩浆活动是金矿成矿作用中深部矿质上升的载体和不断聚集的动力。由(近)EW向构造活动一地幔富碱质流体上升-壳-幔混合带内岩浆形成-富碱岩浆分异演化一流体成矿构成了统一的区域成矿系统，称之为该区与喜马拉雅期富碱岩浆活动有关的金矿(构造)-壳-幔(流体-岩浆)成矿系统。     

关于峨眉山溢流玄武岩省资源勘查的几个问题

通过全球资料对比表明峨眉山溢流玄武岩省具有较完整的岩浆—热液成矿系列。峨眉山玄武岩裂隙式喷发的溢流通道受地球化学边界所揭示的岩石圈不连续界面所控制。这些地段存在完整的古火山口相岩石组合，为找矿提供了重要线索。溢流通道岩浆房存在贫硫低氧逸度、贫硫高逸度和富硫3个岩浆分异趋向，构成3个岩浆成矿系列(Cu—Ni—PGE，Cu—Ag—Pd与Fe—Ti—V)。同生火山热液活动形成了从低绿片岩相、葡萄石相到沸石相(400℃至100℃)的铜成矿系列。热液组成的不同控制自然铜、氧化铜和铜硫化物的形成。反射率资料对比表明对自然铜形成起重要制约作用的沥青来自P2—T1界面地层有机质的热液裂解，并处于生油成熟期。因此和Keweenaw大陆裂谷一样，应开展铜、镍、铂钯、油气一体化的勘查。     

地幔柱成矿系统:以峨眉山地幔柱为例

地幔柱沟通了地核、地幔、地壳各个圈层之间的物质与能量交换,提供了板内构造岩浆活动及成矿作用的一种重要的动力学机制。峨眉山地幔柱是晚古生代全球最显著的地幔柱活动之一,形成了多种有重大资源经济价值的矿床类型。以峨眉山地幔柱为例,对几种典型矿床类型的产出特征及成因进行了系统分析,阐述了地幔柱成矿系统中各种成矿作用与地幔柱构造岩浆活动的关系及成矿机理。(1)通过对部分典型岩浆硫化物矿床的地质地球化学特征和矿化特征分析,揭示了峨眉山大火成岩省不同矿化特征的岩浆硫化物矿床形成于统一的地幔柱岩浆活动体系,并与峨眉山玄武岩为同源演化关系,岩浆演化过程及硫化物熔离富集过程存在的差异造成了矿化类型的变异。(2)对攀西地区4个超大型钒钛磁铁矿矿床进行了详尽的地质地球化学分析,论述了成矿岩浆的性质、与峨眉山玄武岩的关系及成岩演化过程和成矿模式,表明成矿母岩浆来自于地幔柱,但经历了较大程度的地壳混染作用,提出岩浆的多次补给混合及结晶锋面上发生的双扩散造成的液态分层导致了韵律条带矿石的形成。(3)阐述了滇黔相邻地区玄武岩型自然铜和黑铜矿铜矿化现象,指出玄武岩岩浆气液阶段的自变质作用和玄武岩构造变质热液蚀变改造作用两种方式造成铜矿化富集,岩浆气液阶段的自变质作     

内蒙古金厂沟梁金(铜)矿床的PGE、铁族和亲硫元素的地球化学特征与物质来源、形成环境

首次采用盐酸-过氧化氢封闭熔矿与ICP-MS相结合的方法,对金厂沟梁金(铜)矿床东、西两矿区典型矿石的铂族元素(PGE)、亲铁以及亲硫元素的含量进行了系统测定,结果显示矿石中上述元素的含量均高于实验的检测限;地球化学演化特征显示含矿流体具有岩浆性质,PGE对原始地幔/球粒陨石标准化后的配分曲线均呈强烈左倾斜的分馏模式,其配分曲线和与幔源岩浆有关的富铜硫化物和富铜镍硫化物熔体的形式相似,并与幔源玄武岩、碳酸盐熔体的配分模式基本一致,反映含矿流体具有幔源岩浆属性;从区域构造、岩浆热事件角度出发,结合典型斑岩铜(钼)矿床的PGE特征,初步确定其含矿流体形成于中生代大陆边缘环境,其直接的热动源是中生代底侵的玄武岩浆。成矿阶段富含金、铜矿石的Pd/Pt、Pd/Ir比值接近低钛玄武岩浆以及玄武安山岩,而成矿早阶段贫金、铜样品的Pd/Pt、Pd/Ir比值接近地幔;反映早期含矿流体可能是直接来自中生代幔源玄武质岩浆结晶分异,而富金(铜)流体的形成可能是玄武质岩浆演化晚期被地壳物质强烈混染后的富超临界流体岩浆(低钛熔体)发生岩浆与流体分离而产生;含矿流体演化过程的PGE地球化学行为与Cu或S(As)的饱和度有关,即主要受亲硫(铜)元素或结晶分异的硫化物矿物相所制约。     

地幔柱成矿体系的基本特点——以峨眉大火成岩省为例

1 地幔柱及基成矿作用特点 地幔柱活动是固体地球各圈层间大规模物质交换一相互作用和大陆垂向增生的重要机制,可能导致岩石圈大规模隆升、伸展、甚至大陆裂解.由于地幔柱来源深、温度高,其上涌可以导致其自身、软流圈和岩石圈地幔广泛的减压部分熔融.短时间内产生巨量玄武岩浆,连续的玄武岩浆补给为大规模岩浆成矿作用提供必要的物质条件;强烈的岩浆活动还会启动地壳内部大规模热液循环,为地壳成矿物质的活化-迁移-热液成矿创造有力的环境条件和驱动力;巨量的溢流玄武岩本身具有很高的Cu、Ni、PGE(铂族元素)等元素背景值,为后期的热液活动成矿提供了物质基础.因此,地幔柱成矿主要包含岩浆成矿系列(Ni-Cu-(PGE)硫化物矿床、铬铁矿床、钛磁铁矿床、Nb-Ta-REE矿床),热液成矿系列和后期热液成矿系列(最典型的是自然铜矿床).有关的矿床是全球Ni和PGE的主要来源,Fe、Cu、Ti、REE、Nb等元素的重要来源.     

峨眉山大火成岩省Cu-Ni-PGE成矿作用——几个典型矿床岩石地球化学特征的分析

峨眉山大火成岩省岩浆型Cu-Ni-PGE矿化岩体广泛分布,构成峨眉山地幔柱成矿系统中一个非常重要的成矿系列。本文剖析了峨眉山大火成岩省该类矿床的分布及部分典型矿床的地质地球化学特征和矿化特征,揭示了成矿岩体统一的地幔柱成因,阐述了Cu-Ni-PGE成矿作用与峨眉山地幔柱岩浆活动体系的关系,探讨了由于岩浆演化过程及硫化物熔离富集过程的差异所导致的矿化类型变异。指出Cu-Ni-PGE矿床成矿岩体原始岩浆为地幔柱高程度熔融的高镁玄武岩浆,成矿岩体与峨眉山低钛玄武岩同源,矿化岩体主要产于峨眉山地幔柱活动模型的内带低钛玄武岩分布区;金宝山、朱布、力马河、杨柳坪矿床分别代表峨眉山地幔柱Cu-Ni-PGE成矿作用不同成矿机制的端员类型。     

富碱斑岩成因与Cu—Mo—Au矿床成矿作用——以金沙江—红河富碱斑岩成矿带为例

富碱斑岩因其产出构造环境独特、岩石类型特殊,并常与铜多金属矿床密切相关,而受到广泛关注。笔者等在回顾相关研究进展的基础上,通过岩石成因和构造环境、岩浆性质和岩浆源区等方面的综合研究,探讨了金沙江—红河富碱斑岩成矿带富碱岩浆成矿作用及成岩成矿机制。系统的矿床地质、年代学、地球化学等研究表明：(1)金沙江—红河富碱斑岩成矿带内成岩成矿作用集中于43～32 Ma,成矿富碱斑岩系始新世—渐新世I型钾玄质花岗斑岩,是印—亚大陆后碰撞背景下大陆内部大型走滑和伸展等动力过程诱导的岩浆活动产物,金沙江和哀牢山—红河断裂的差异走滑运动可能控制了成矿带差异性成岩成矿事件;(2)成矿带北段以Cu—Mo为主的成矿富碱斑岩源自新元古代下地壳的部分熔融,且源区有富集地幔和亏损地幔物质的加入,而南段以Cu—Au或Cu(—Mo—Au)为主的成矿富碱斑岩源自具有不同程度富集地幔物质加入的新生下地壳的部分熔融;(3)带内以Cu为主的斑岩—矽卡岩型矿床中成矿富碱斑岩的氧逸度(ΔFMQ)与矿床规模具有正相关性。除受氧逸度控制外,源区高K₂O含量有利于斑岩—矽卡岩型Au矿床的形成。该研究对金沙江—红河富碱...     

吉林东部火山-岩浆岩区金铜矿成矿模式探讨

吉林东部(延边地区)中生代以来不同方向的断裂构造发育,火山活动强烈,岩浆侵入频繁,与中生代火山-岩浆活动有成因联系的金、铜多金属矿床多处,矿化蚀变线索多见,构成了知名度很高的五凤-小西南岔近东西向火山-岩浆期后低温热液型金、铜多金属成矿带.区内中生代火山-岩浆岩的形成是上地幔岩浆上侵的结果,同时伴有成矿作用的发生,在构造有利部位形成金、金铜或铜金多金属矿体.成矿物质来源于地幔,成矿是在酸性介质中还原条件下发生的.从远源至近源,成矿分带为Au、Ag→Au、Cu、Ag→Cu、Au、Pb、Zn→Cu、(Mo、Au),成矿温度从低温至高温变化,硫化物从贫硫化物向富硫化物变化.     

富碱斑岩成因与Cu—Mo—Au矿床成矿作用——以金沙江—红河富碱斑岩成矿带为例

富碱斑岩因其产出构造环境独特、岩石类型特殊,并常与铜多金属矿床密切相关,而受到广泛关注。本文在回顾相关研究进展的基础上,通过岩石成因和构造环境、岩浆性质和岩浆源区等方面的综合研究,探讨了金沙江—红河富碱斑岩成矿带富碱岩浆成矿作用及成岩成矿机制。系统的矿床地质、年代学、地球化学等研究表明：① 金沙江—红河富碱斑岩成矿带内成岩成矿作用集中于43~32 Ma,成矿富碱斑岩系始新世—渐新世I型钾玄质花岗斑岩,是印—亚大陆后碰撞背景下大陆内部大型走滑和伸展等动力过程诱导的岩浆活动产物,金沙江和哀牢山—红河断裂的差异走滑运动可能控制了成矿带差异性成岩成矿事件;② 成矿带北段以Cu—Mo为主的成矿富碱斑岩源自新元古代下地壳的部分熔融,且源区有富集地幔和亏损地幔物质的加入,而南段以Cu—Au或Cu(—Mo—Au)为主的成矿富碱斑岩源自具有不同程度富集地幔物质加入的新生下地壳的部分熔融;③ 带内以Cu为主的斑岩—矽卡岩型矿床中成矿富碱斑岩的氧逸度（ΔFMQ）与矿床规模具有正相关性。除受氧逸度控制外,源区高K2O含量有利于斑岩—矽卡岩型Au矿床的形成。该研究对金沙江—红河富碱斑岩成矿带乃至同类矿床研究和找矿勘查具有理论和实际意义。     

交代地幔源区与造山带铜镍成矿作用

造山带具有复杂的动力学环境、俯冲交代历史和热力学状态,其地幔源区物质组成、熔融机制和岩浆产物明显不同于地幔柱和大陆裂谷带,因此造山带环境中与镁铁-超镁铁质岩浆有关的铜镍成矿作用有别于板内环境。本文综述了交代地幔源区与造山带铜镍成矿关系的新进展,重点聚焦于：(1)岩石圈与软流圈的贡献。成矿岩浆来源于上涌的软流圈驱动交代岩石圈地幔不同程度的混合熔融,其中后俯冲阶段岩浆产物的成矿作用最为普遍、规模最大;岩石圈地幔经历不同比例俯冲板片沉积物熔体(富钙沉积物)和低温蚀变洋壳流体交代,具有显著的富挥发分和碳酸盐特征。(2)幔源岩浆氧化还原状态对成矿的约束。显生宙造山带成矿初始岩浆(硫化物未发生饱和)可能普遍为氧化性岩浆,岩浆体系硫化物饱和前后存在氧逸度骤降,导致岩浆体系硫化物饱和时硫的溶解度呈指数级下降,直接触发硫化物熔离,或者为达到熔离创造低的硫溶解度条件,其中岩浆还原作用由碳质物在岩浆期的有效混染造成。(3)挥发分对岩浆硫化物的运载汇聚。挥发分显著降低熔体粘度,从而减小粘滞阻力对岩浆超压的消耗;岩浆在上侵减压过程中挥发分能够发生出溶-成核作用,形成大量低密度气泡并与硫化物液滴形成复合液滴,促进...     

与地幔柱有关的成矿作用及其主控因素

地幔柱是地球动力系统中重要的组成部分,不仅形成规模巨大的大火成岩省,也形成了众多具有重要经济价值的矿床类型。由地幔柱形成不同的岩浆系列显示了特有的成矿专属性,如镁铁-超镁铁质层状岩体与钒钛磁铁矿矿床和铜镍硫化物矿床,科马提岩与铜镍硫化物矿床,斜长岩与钒钛磁铁矿矿床,过碱性花岗岩系列与铌-钽-锆-稀土矿床,金伯利岩与金刚石矿等。在分析与地幔柱相关矿床的基础上,我们认为地幔柱结构、岩浆源区特征、结晶分异过程、硫化物饱和、地壳混染和岩浆侵位过程等是地幔柱成矿的关键控制因素。本文还对矿床成因研究中的存在问题以及几种潜在的地球化学找矿/评价指标(如橄榄石的Ni含量、单斜辉石和磁铁矿中的Cr含量,层状岩体的PGE 含量和Re-Os同位素联合示踪等)进行了评述。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987116000311

Greenstone basalts and komatiites provide a means to track both mantle composition and magma generation temperature with time.Four types of mantle are characterized from incompatible element distributions in basalts and komatiites:depleted,hydrated,enriched and mantle from which komatiites are derived.Our most important observation is the recognition for the first time of what we refer to as a Great Thermal Divergence within the mantle beginning near the end of the Archean,which we ascribe to thermal and convective evolution.Prior to 2.5 Ga,depleted and enriched mantle have indistinguishable thermal histories,whereas at 2.5-2.0 Ga a divergence in mantle magma generation temperature begins between these two types of mantle.Major and incompatible element distributions and calculated magma generation temperatures suggest that Archean enriched mantle did not come from mantle plumes,but was part of an undifferentiated or well-mixed mantle similar in composition to calculated primitive mantle.During this time,however,high-temperature mantle plumes from dominantly depleted sources gave rise to komatiites and associated basalts.Recycling of oceanic crust into the deep mantle after the Archean may have contributed to enrichment of Ti,Al,Ca and Na in basalts derived from enriched mantle sources.After 2.5 Ga,increases in Mg~# in basalts from depleted mantle and decreases in Fe and Mn reflect some combination of growing depletion and cooling of depleted mantle with time.A delay in cooling of depleted mantle until after the Archean probably reflects a combination of greater radiogenic heat sources in the Archean mantle and the propagation of plate tectonics after 3 Ga.     

Volkovsky deposit of titanomagnetite and copper-titanomagnetite ores with accompanying noble-metal mineralization, the Central Urals, Russia

The geology of the Volkovsky deposit, the composition of its rocks, titanomagnetite and copper-titanomagnetite ores with accompanying noble-metal mineralization, and their formation conditions are considered. Special attention is paid to the recently revealed noble-metal mineralization and its attendant character in respect to titanomagnetite ore is shown. Ore minerals and their relationships are characterized. Initially immiscible sulfide segregations are described and their evolution is traced up to interrelations with oxide and silicate cumulates. The distribution of noble metals (NM) in titanomagnetite and copper-titanomagnetite ores is discussed. Throughout ore formation, NM gradually accumulated in silicates, oxides, and sulfides. The highest NM concentrations are related to the sulfide schlieren and veinlike segregations in gabbroic rocks. It is suggested that the deposit was formed as a product of fractionation of basaltic magma. The copper-iron ore was deposited from the residual melt enriched in Cu, Fe, Ti, V and volatile P and S in a wide temperature range of 800 to 570°C. Noble metals concentrated in parallel with their own minerals (largely tellurides and native gold) at the final stage of crystallization of gabbroic intrusion.     

攀西裂谷地区层状镁铁岩的PGE矿化作用

攀西裂谷位于四川西部,裂谷经历了元古宙和海西期二次地幔柱活动,形成多处穹窿构造和层状镁铁质岩体的侵入。后一期的层状岩体赋存著名的超大型钒钛磁铁矿床。中国和南非合作研究认为,层状岩体PGE矿化应进一步研究。以新街岩体为代表,经钻探工程建立了岩体剖面;岩石学、矿物学和地球化学研究证实,岩体有三个岩浆旋回和许多韵律层,层厚仅2~3cm。自上而下岩相为辉长岩、橄辉岩、辉石岩和橄榄岩,造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、普通辉石、钛普通辉石和中长石。岩体下部旋回,硫化物较富集,多在高镁质岩相。硅酸盐、氧化物和硫化物三系列矿物共生而不混熔。硫化物呈浸染状,主要有三层,产在橄榄岩、辉石岩和下辉长岩内。铂族矿物有砷铂矿、自然铂、硫锇矿、铋碲钯矿、碲铋矿、碲银矿、自然银等。PGE富集可能有三个阶段:岩浆早期,岩浆中"S"不饱和,PGE易进入硅酸盐;岩浆晚期"S"逸度增高,硫化物富集,为PGE富集阶段;热液阶段PGE再分配富集。PGE和Ni、Cu、S为正相关关系,和Fe、Ti相辅相成,无明显关系。岩石中PGE背景值为(0.166~0.411)×10-6,PGE矿化体的品位变化较大,为(0.94~0.976)×10-6。有的钻孔样品Pt+Pd含量大于1×10-6,可做进一步找矿的依据。     

滇-黔边境鲁甸沿河铜矿床的发现与峨眉山大火成岩省找矿新思路

滇-黔边境鲁甸沿河铜矿床矿化受二叠纪玄武岩最上部古火山口相角砾凝灰岩-气孔状熔岩和上覆宣威组碳泥质层控制。矿石矿物主要为自然铜、氧化铜与辉铜矿。自然铜呈板片状、网脉状、浸染状产出。矿化与阳起石化、沥青化、硅化和沸石化密切相关。在峨眉山大火成岩省寻找沿河式铜矿应关注以下重要问题：①地球化学急变带所确定的岩石圈不连续界面控制了峨眉山玄武岩裂隙式喷发；②古火山口相从苦橄质到安山质高分异岩浆喷发；③火山口环境联系下的贫硫、贫酸根同生热液活动；④富有机质地层中有机-无机相互作用所产生的强还原性环境；⑤脆韧性断裂带的发育导致矿体的进一步富化。     

PGE geochemistry of the Eagle Ni–Cu–(PGE) deposit, Upper Michigan: constraints on ore genesis in a dynamic magma conduit

The Eagle Ni–Cu–(PGE) deposit is hosted in mafic–ultramafic intrusive rocks associated with the Marquette–Baraga dike swarm in northern Michigan. Sulfide mineralization formed in association with picritic magmatism in a dynamic magma conduit during the early stages in the development of the ~1.1?Ga Midcontinent Rift System. Four main types of sulfide mineralization have been recognized within the Eagle deposit: (1) disseminated sulfides in olivine-rich rocks; (2) rocks with semi-massive sulfides located both above and below the massive sulfide zone; (3) massive sulfides; and (4) sulfide veins in sedimentary country rocks. The disseminated, massive and lower semi-massive sulfide zones are typically composed of pyrrhotite, pentlandite and chalcopyrite, whereas the upper semi-massive sulfide ore zone also contains pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite, but has higher cubanite content. Three distinct types of sulfide mineralization are present in the massive sulfide zone: IPGE-rich, PPGE-rich, and PGE-unfractioned. The lower and upper semi-massive sulfide zones have different PGE compositions. Samples from the lower semi-massive sulfide zone are characterized by unfractionated PGE patterns, whereas those from the upper semi-massive sulfide zone show moderate depletion in IPGE and moderate enrichment in PPGE. The mantle-normalized PGE patterns of unfractionated massive and lower semi-massive sulfides are subparallel to those of the disseminated sulfides. The results of numerical modeling using PGE concentrations recalculated to 100% sulfide (i.e., PGE tenors) and partition coefficients of PGE between sulfide liquid and magma indicate that the disseminated and unfractionated massive sulfide mineralization formed by the accumulation of primary sulfide liquids with similar R factors between 200 and 300. In contrast, the modeled R factor for the lower semi-massive sulfide zone is <100. The fractionated sulfide zones such as those of the IPGE-rich and PPGE-rich massive sulfides and the upper semi-massive sulfide zone can be explained by fractional crystallization of monosulfide solid solution from sulfide liquids. The results of numerical modeling indicate that the sulfide minerals in the upper semi-massive sulfide zone are the products of crystallization of fractionated sulfide liquids derived from a primary sulfide liquid with an R factor similar to that for the disseminated sulfide mineralization. Interestingly, the modeled parental sulfide liquid for the IPGE-rich and PPGE-rich massive sulfide zones has a higher R factor (~400) than that for the unfractionated massive sulfide mineralization. Except one sample which has unusually high IPGE and PPGE contents, all other samples from the Cu-rich sulfide veins in the footwall of the intrusion are highly depleted in IPGE and enriched in PPGE. These signatures are generally consistent with highly fractionated sulfide liquids expelled from crystallizing sulfide liquid. Collectively, our data suggest that at least four primary sulfide liquids with different R factors (<100, 200–300, ~400) were involved in the formation of the Eagle magmatic sulfide deposit. We envision that the immiscible sulfide liquids were transported from depth by multiple pulses of magma passing through the Eagle conduit system. The sulfide liquids were deposited in the widened part of the conduit system due to the decreasing velocity of magma flow. The presence of abundant olivine in some of the sulfide ore zones indicates that the ascending magma also carried olivine crystals. Sulfide saturation was attained in the parental magma due in large part to the assimilation of country rock sulfur at depth.     

胶东金矿区高钾-钾质脉岩地球化学与俯冲-壳幔作用研究

胶东金矿区与金矿成矿伴生的脉岩为一套高钾 -钾质脉岩。根据地质、岩相学及与金矿化的时空关系 ,将主要岩石类型划分为煌斑岩、安山玢岩、英安玢岩类 ,它们分别形成与金矿化早期、同期和晚期 ;主要元素成分以富碱高钾、低钛为特征 ,成分变异具同源岩浆结晶分异演化的一般规律 ,早期以辉石和橄榄石、中晚期以角闪石和斜长石为主的矿物相分离结晶控制岩浆的演化 ;岩石明显富 Ba、Sr、Rb、K、L REE等大离子元素、强烈亏损 Cr、Ni及相对亏损 Th、Nb、Ti、Y等高场强元素元素 ,体现初始岩浆起源于富集地幔源区 ;大量的挥发组分及强烈的富集 Ba、Sr及低的 Sr/ Nd比值 ,指示源区为以俯冲陆源沉积为主、有玄武质洋壳参与的脱水、脱气等作用交代早期地幔楔形成的富集地幔源 ,初始岩浆是在中生代印支期形成的富集地幔向燕山期亏损方向演化的特定阶段发生低程度熔融形成 (熔融程度为 6 %～ 8% ) ;就位环境的不同是导致石英脉岩型与蚀变岩型矿区脉岩成岩作用有一定差别的主要原因     

Disseminated gold–sulfide mineralization at the Zhaima deposit,eastern Kazakhstan

The Zhaima gold–sulfide deposit is located in the northwestern part of the West Kalba gold belt in eastern Kazakhstan. The mineralization is hosted in Lower Carboniferous volcanic and carbonate rocks formed under conditions of marginal-sea and island-arc volcanic activity. The paper considers the mineralogy and geochemistry of primary gold–sulfide ore and Au-bearing weathering crusts. Au-bearing arsenopyrite–pyrite mineralization formed during only one productive stage. Disseminated, stringer–disseminated, and massive rocks are enriched in Ti, Cr, V, Cu, and Ni, which correspond to the mafic profile of basement. The main ores minerals are represented by finely acicular arsenopyrite containing Au (up to few tens of ppm) and cubic and pentagonal dodecahedral pyrite with sporadic submicroscopic inclusions of native gold. The sulfur isotopic composition of sulfides is close to that of the meteoritic standard (δ³⁴S =–0.2 to +0.2). The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age of three sericite samples from ore veinlets corresponds to the Early Permian: 279 ± 3.3, 275.6 ± 2.9, and 272.2 ± 2.9 Ma. The mantle source of sulfur, ore geochemistry, and spatial compatibility of mineralization with basic dikes allow us to speak about the existence of deep fluid–magmatic systems apparently conjugate with the Tarim plume.     

新疆尼勒克县圆头山后碰撞花岗斑岩的同位素年代学及地球化学特征

圆头山黑云母花岗斑岩位于尼勒克县城南,岩体普遍发育的铜矿化,以中部碎裂带中矿化最强。岩石具有典型的斑状结构,斑晶由碱性长石和黑云母组成,基质以长石、云母和石英为主,并含有少量的硫化物。圆头山黑云母花岗斑岩的轻重稀土分馏明显,并且明显富集大离子亲石元素(LILE) (除Sr外)和Pb,同时亏损高场强元素(HFSE)和Nb、Ta、P、Ti,显示出弧火山岩的地球化学特征。圆头山黑云母花岗形成年龄为269±3Ma,其源区以具有弧火山岩特征的下地壳为主,同时含有少量的幔源物质,而且在岩体的侵位过程中有高(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i (0.706054~0.709228)和高Pb含量(5.05×10^-6~32.5×10^-6)的陆壳物质混染。在下地壳物质熔融过程中,位于下地壳底部的富水和成矿元素的MASH带物质也被圈入,使原始岩浆富水和成矿物质。圆头山黑云母花岗斑形成于碰撞后阶段,岩石的形成主要受岩石圈地幔拆沉作用的控制,而岩石圈地幔的拆沉可能与中亚造山带的垮塌或塔里木地幔柱活动有关。