金川水电站左岸引水发电系统进水口高边坡稳定性分析

金川水电站左岸引水发电系统进水口边坡开挖高度约160m,边坡稳定性是该工程的主要地质问题之一.通过现场详细勘察,在分析该边坡的地层岩性、坡体结构、结构面及其组合、风化卸荷等工程地质特征基础上,建立了边坡和结构面的三维地质模型,结合边坡的开挖设计,进行平行和垂直轴向边坡方向的剖切,从而得到块体组合情况.然后,利用岩石边坡块体稳定性计算程序对各潜在不稳定块体进行计算.在现场统计坡比基础上,就如何选定一个安全经济的坡比进行探讨.采用有限元法对不同工况下的边坡稳定性进行了分析与评价,为设计和施工提供了科学依据.     

基于GeoStudio的边坡稳定性分析及支护方案选择的理论探讨

本文选择大连市中山区长利巷地区的边坡,通过现场采取岩土样,进行室内试验得出各地层力学物理参数,对边坡进行稳定性分析。针对目前所拥有的模拟软件与方法,分析并筛选出适合该边坡的模拟软件。利用GeoStudio软件建模、模拟,使用Morgenstern-Price方法进行计算,通过分析得到计算结果,该边坡的安全安全系数为1. 127,认为其属于不稳定边坡。对于不稳定边坡,本文对主流的边坡支护方法进行分析筛选,拟采用扶壁式挡土墙支护方案对其进行预防。根据规范设计挡土墙尺寸,并对该挡土墙进行抗倾覆抗滑移验算,得出的验算安全系数满足规范要求,由此可得知该支护方案方法合理,技术可行。     

永吉高速公路黑潭坪边坡三维稳定性研究

通过对永吉高速公路黑潭坪边坡的野外调查,详细地了解了研究区工程地质条件,探讨了边坡变形破坏机理,结合室内试验和计算反演获取岩土体强度参数,在此基础上建立三维地质模型,运用FLAC3D数值分析软件采用强度折减法对不同工况下的坡体稳定性进行详细分析并提出治理建议。研究表明:(1)边坡变形破坏是内外因素综合作用的结果,岩土体性质不良是边坡变形破坏的内在因素,坡脚便道开挖和地表水下渗是边坡变形破坏的诱导因素;(2)强度折减法应用于边坡三位稳定性分析具有较好的适用性;(3)数值模拟显示采用削坡结合锚固的综合治理措施具有明显的效果。     

太原市杏花岭区小返乡后李家山村边坡稳定性分析

通过对太原市杏花岭区小返乡后李家山村的两处边坡进行勘察,主要查明岩土类型、成因、工程特性以及岩土的透水性和地下水的出露情况,查明坡体岩土的物理力学性质和软弱结构面的抗剪强度,对边坡的稳定性进行了分析,稳定性分析采用圆弧滑动法进行,两处边坡均处于不稳定状态,在降水条件诱发下极易发生滑动,必须尽快进行综合整治。     

基于强度折减法确定边坡临界滑面的小波变换法

临界滑面的确定一直是岩土工程界研究的热点问题。利用有限元-强度折减法对二维边坡进行稳定性分析时,对于进入极限平衡状态的边坡而言,沿边坡深度方向的等效塑性应变最大值点一般也就是临界滑面上的点。然后通过预设一组相互平行且与坡面近似垂直的直线,找出各直线上等效塑性应变的最大点,可得到一系列呈波动状分布的点,这些点构成了一组一维的信号函数;再利用小波分析对数据进行平滑处理就可得到边坡的临界滑面。通过经典算例分析并与Spencer法等前人的研究成果比较,结果表明该方法是合理有效的,可以用于边坡临界滑面的确定。     

烈士陵园边坡变形特征及治理工程设计

在对烈士陵园边坡地质环境综合调查的基础上,通过钻探揭示坡体地质情况和稳定性特征,并利用室内试验成果,采用圆弧滑动法进行分析计算2种工况下边坡的稳定性,最终对烈士陵园边坡的稳定性进行综合分析评价,并提出治理工程设计方案。     

基于局部强度折减法的边坡多滑面分析方法及应用研究

边坡最危险滑动面的搜索方法一直是研究的热点,但边坡内部次级滑动面也可能不满足安全设计要求,因此,考虑边坡多条滑动面的分析方法亦应得到关注。在传统强度折减法中,对边坡整个区域的抗剪强度参数进行折减,此方法仅可得到一个临界滑动面和最小安全系数。提出了一种基于局部强度折减法的多滑面分析方法,即首先定义单元安全系数的概念,并且计算边坡每个单元的安全系数,然后自动搜索出单元安全系数处于不同范围内的单元集合,对各个单元集合的强度参数进行折减计算,即可得到不同安全系数对应的滑动面。通过单台阶和双台阶边坡算例验证了该方法的可行性,结果表明,随着安全系数的增大,潜在滑面的深度和潜在滑动区域亦增大。最后把该方法应用到某隧道进口仰坡的稳定性评价中, 通过该方法得到的多级滑动面与现场监测数据吻合较好。     

基于极限应变判据-动态局部强度折减的边坡破坏演化数值模拟

岩土材料具有极限应变特征,其值可以通过室内试验或数值模拟方法求得。边坡岩土体主要为剪切破坏,可采用极限剪应变作为材料破坏的判据。事实上,边坡岩土体强度参数劣化并非整体性的,而是一个渐进性局部损伤至整体失稳的过程。本文基于极限应变判据,建立了边坡破坏的动态局部强度折减方法,此方法对边坡中超过极限剪应变值的单元进行强度折减。通过不断折减计算过程中产生的超过极限剪应变值单元,直到坡内超过极限剪应变值的单元贯通,认为边坡整体发生破坏。将该方法应用到实际边坡工程中,计算结果和边坡破坏模式及变形监测数据基本吻合。此方法在分析边坡渐进性破坏及稳定性评价方面具有较好应用前景。     

地下水对库岸边坡稳定性的影响

针对库岸边坡在库水位陡降时易发生失稳破坏这一特点,分析了地下水引发库岸边坡失稳的机理,指出在地下水作用下,边坡岩土物理力学性质恶化、库水浮托力以及坡体内渗透力是影响库岸边坡稳定性的重要因素,给出了考虑地下水影响的库岸边坡稳定性计算公式。对三峡库区的某边坡工程进行了分析,结果表明：边坡岩土体介质因饱水软化作用,其滑动面的力学参数值降低;库水浮托力在某种程度上有利于边坡的稳定。当库水位陡降时,坡体内产生较大的渗透力是导致边坡失稳的一个很关键的原因。同时指出,在进行库岸边坡治理设计时,采取合理的防冲刷、反滤及疏导措施,能有效地降低地下水对边坡稳定性带来的消极影响。     

基于上限定理的边坡潜在破裂面确定方法与稳定性判识研究

边坡潜在破裂面的确定与稳定性判识一直是岩土工程界研究的热点问题。将边坡潜在破裂面看成是由若干段组合而成的复合破裂面,并沿各段将边坡垂直条分为多块体,在假设边坡岩土体服从摩尔-库仑屈服准则条件下,根据极限分析上限定理,分别计算各块体外功率与内能耗散,并建立边坡稳定系数的多元函数。利用数学优化方法给出边坡稳定系数的最优解,可以方便地给出边坡潜在破裂面形状及其对应的边坡稳定系数。通过算例分析并与前人研究成果比较,结果表明：理论方法是合理有效的,可以用于边坡潜在破裂面的确定与稳定性判识。     

基于参数反演的边坡地下水渗流数值模拟

渗流是影响岩土工程边坡稳定性的重要因素,对不同工况下岩土体边坡地下水渗流规律进行数值模拟,弄清其动态变化规律,对于边坡稳定性分析、支护设计、工程防排水措施的制定等都有重要的意义。以龙滩水电站左岸进水口边坡为研究对象,通过免疫进化规划算法,得到了边坡岩体渗流场参数。在此基础上,对洪水期、枯水期情况下地下水渗流状态进行了数值模拟,通过对比分析,研究了不同河床水位情况下地下水渗流变化规律,从而为边坡稳定性预测奠定了理论基础。     

土体抗剪强度参数取值的统计分析方法

讨论了残积土边坡强度参数的取值,对某残积土边坡的土工试验资料进行了统计,分析了c、φ参数在边坡不同部位的特点,通过对边坡稳定计算中多组参数的反分析,提出了符合边坡实际状态强度指标的取值方法。     

水力和超载条件下锚固岩石边坡动态稳定性拟静力分析

基于极限平衡理论,综合考虑水力条件、坡顶超载、地震荷载效应和锚固效应对岩石边坡进行了全面的稳定性分析。计算给出了多影响因素条件下岩石边坡稳定性安全系数的表达式,并重点分析了几种相关参数组合对岩石边坡稳定性的影响。分析表明,坡顶张拉裂缝积水、地下水渗流作用、滑面出流缝被堵塞、地震影响效应不利于岩石边坡抗滑稳定性,而锚索锚固效应则对提高边坡抗滑稳定性有积极作用;坡顶张拉裂缝积水、滑面出流缝被堵塞、水平向地震影响效应都不利于岩石边坡抗倾覆稳定性,但锚索锚固效应、坡顶超载、与竖直方向地震效应则对提高边坡抗倾覆稳定性有益。最后针对工程实际,提出了相应的工程建议。     

路堑高边坡动态监测与分析

边坡稳定是一个复杂的、多参数岩土力学问题,对其现场监测是保证工程安全的重要措施之一。结合工程实际,在对路堑边坡表面、地下变形以及支挡结构物受力状态监测所获取的信息进行综合分析的基础上,对边坡施工及运营期的安全性进行了分析研究,指出了影响边坡稳定的各种因素,可为类似工程的设计及施工提供借鉴。     

The Dynamic Evaluation of Rock Slope Stability Considering the Effects of Microseismic Damage

A state-of-the-art microseismic monitoring system has been implemented at the left bank slope of the Jinping first stage hydropower station since June 2009. The main objectives are to ensure slope safety under continuous excavation at the left slope, and, very recently, the safety of the concrete arch dam. The safety of the excavated slope is investigated through the development of fast and accurate real-time event location techniques aimed at assessing the evolution and migration of the seismic activity, as well as through the development of prediction capabilities for rock slope instability. Myriads of seismic events at the slope have been recorded by the microseismic monitoring system. Regions of damaged rock mass have been identified and delineated on the basis of the tempo-spatial distribution analysis of microseismic activity during the periods of excavation and consolidation grouting. However, how to effectively utilize the abundant microseismic data in order to quantify the stability of the slope remains a challenge. In this paper, a rock mass damage evolutional model based on microseismic data is proposed, combined with a 3D finite element method (FEM) model for feedback analysis of the left bank slope stability. The model elements with microseismic damage are interrogated and the deteriorated mechanical parameters determined accordingly. The relationship between microseismic activities induced by rock mass damage during slope instability, strength degradation, and dynamic instability of the slope are explored, and the slope stability is quantitatively evaluated. The results indicate that a constitutive relation considering microseismic damage is concordant with the simulation results and the influence of rock mass damage can be allowed for its feedback analysis of 3D slope stability. In addition, the safety coefficient of the rock slope considering microseismic damage is reduced by a value of 0.11, in comparison to the virgin rock slope model. Our results demonstrate that microseismic activity induced by construction disturbance only slightly affects the stability of the slope. The proposed feedback analysis technique provides a novel method for dynamically assessing rock slope stability and can be used to assess the slope stability of other similar rock slopes.     

Three Practical Methods for Analyzing Slope Stability

Since the environmental capacity and the arable as well as the inhabitant lands have actually reached a full balance, the slopes are becoming the more and more important options for various engineering constructions. Because of the geological complexity of the slope, the design and the decision-making of a slope-based engineering is still not practical to rely solely on the theoretical analysis and numerical calculation, but mainly on the experience of the experts. Therefore, it has important practical significance to turn some successful experience into mathematic equations. Based upon the abundant typical slope engineering construction cases in Yunnan, Southwestern China, 3 methods for analyzing the slope stability have been developed in this paper. First of all, the corresponded analogous mathematic equation for analyzing slope stability has been established through case studies. Then, artificial neural network and multivariate regression analysis have also been set up when 7 main influencing factors are adopted.     

Evaluating cut slope failure by numerical analysis—a case study

Slope failure is very common phenomenon in hilly regions, especially in young techno active mountainous like Himalayas. It is hazardous because of the accompanying progressive movement of the slope-forming material. In order to minimize the landslide effects, slope failure analysis and stabilization requires in depth understanding of the process that governs the behavior of the slope. The present article mainly deals with the analysis of the stability of road cut slopes of Rudraprayag Area, Uttarakhand, India. The area experiences local as well as regional slides every year. Extensive field study was carried out along the road cut slopes. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the various Physio-mechanical properties of rock mass. These properties have been used as input parameters for the numerical simulation of slope using FLAC3D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) including geological discontinuities. The computed deformations and the stress distribution along the failure surface are compared with the field observations. The study indicates that the overall slope is unstable except at the location E where slope is critically stable. The effects of instability have been thoroughly considered and remedial measures have been recommended.     

Stability analysis of a recurring soil slope failure along NH-5, Himachal Himalaya,India

The repetitive soil slope failure along the National Highway (NH)-5 in Jhakri region of Himachal Pradesh, India draws frequent concern due to heavy damage and traffic disruption almost every year. Being only linking route from border district to the nearby land area, stability of the road-cut slopes along this highway is of major concern in regard to safe transportation. Absence of any previous stability investigation of this recurring slope failure calls for an integrated geotechnical and numerical approach in order to understand the instability factors. The geotechnical analysis has been performed to determine the inherent properties of soil materials which affect the stability of existing slope. An event-specific antecedent rainfall threshold has been suggested to quantify the relationship between rainfall and slope failure. A two-dimensional limit equilibrium method has also been executed to visualize the scenario of pre- and post-failure stability of the slope. On the basis of limit equilibrium analysis, it has been inferred that slope geometry is a major affecting parameter that influences the failure pattern. Moreover, preventive measures through benching and soil nailing have also been proposed and validated through limit equilibrium analysis for long-term stability and safe transportation.     

降雨条件下软岩边坡渗流-软化分析方法及其灾变机制

降雨条件下软岩边坡的灾变问题是滑坡领域研究的热点与难点。采用间接耦合法进行软岩边坡降雨入渗分析,根据软岩边坡非饱和渗流-应力计算原理,建立了软岩边坡渗流效应分析方法;将软岩抗剪强度的遇水软化特征动态赋予暂态饱和区中对应的软岩体,模拟降雨渗流条件下软岩边坡的软化效应;将渗流与软化相结合,建立基于暂态饱和区的软岩边坡降雨-渗流-软化-灾变的数值分析方法,并用于实例边坡的降雨灾变机制分析。结果显示,软岩边坡潜在滑动面深度随时间逐渐变浅,安全系数-时程曲线呈反向复曲线形态,当边坡开始软化时曲线上出现拐点。边坡稳定性计算结果与实际情况基本相符,表明思路与方法具有一定正确性,可为软岩边坡治理方案设计提供理论依据。     

基于节理不确定性的可靠度分析

边坡稳定性一直是边坡安全的重点研究对象,针对边坡评价中常见的不确定性因素,可靠度分析是值得利用的方法。为评价某节理发育的岩质岸坡稳定性,通过有限元计算软件,结合现场勘探测绘数据,建立以边坡节理强度参数c、φ为输入变量,安全系数为输出变量的点估计（PEM）计算概率模型,计算结果表明:节理发育对该边坡变形具有明显控制作用;边坡整体可靠性较好,破坏概率极低。最后,通过蒙托卡罗法对可靠度结果进行验证,结果表明两种方法的计算结果不存在显著性差异。研究结果表明节理对岩质边坡稳定具有良好的敏感性,基于节理不确定性的点估计法分析边坡可靠度是一种有效的方法。