气动潜孔锤技术在矿山事故钻孔救援中的应用

气动潜孔锤作为一种高效冲击破岩工具,在国内外矿山事故钻孔救援中发挥了重要作用。笔者从破岩机理、结构型式、钻井方法与规程等方面阐述了气动潜孔锤的技术特点,着重分析了气动潜孔锤反循环类型及其特征。结合山西王家岭煤矿透水事故、山东平邑石膏矿坍塌事故、山东笏山金矿坍塌事故等成功救援案例,阐述了气动潜孔锤正循环钻进、气动潜孔锤与泥浆螺杆组合纠偏钻进在小直径钻孔中应用情况,以及气动潜孔锤随钻测量技术的研究进展。对于较浅小直径钻孔,气动潜孔锤采用保直钻进工艺可直接命中井下巷道;对于较深小直径钻孔,采用气动潜孔锤与泥浆螺杆纠偏组合钻进,方可命中井下巷道。结合国内外地面大直径救援钻孔成功案例,以及矿山大直径工程钻孔典型案例,介绍了气动潜孔锤正循环、下排渣、反循环等推广应用情况,气动潜孔锤下排渣最大钻深达688 m,气动潜孔锤反循环最大钻深达654.1 m。针对我国矿山开采逐渐向深部发展,矿山分布散、区域广,地质类型多、差异大的特点,面向复杂地层深孔救援,分析了小直径钻孔气动潜孔锤技术存在的不足之处,重点分析了大直径救援孔气动潜孔锤正循环、下排渣、反循环等技术面临的主要问题,明确其复杂地层钻进时技术缺陷实质,建议进一步开展气动冲击定向钻进技术、大直径钻孔气液双循环钻进技术的研究。      

气动潜孔锤取心钻进工艺问题的研究

分析了研究气动潜孔锤取心钻进方法的必要性;介绍了CX-120型气动潜孔锤取心钻具的结构、工作原理;结合该钻具,提出了依据地层情况,确定气动潜孔锤取心钻具结构性能、制定其钻进工艺和操作规程的方法。CX-120型气动潜孔锤取心钻探实践验证了研究内容的合理性,从而完善了气动潜孔锤取心钻进工艺技术。     

复杂地层气动潜孔锤跟管钻进最大深度的确定方法

在岩土钻掘工程中,气动潜孔锤跟管钻进技术是解决复杂地层钻进问题较为有效的方法,本文探讨了复杂地层的分类和套管侧壁摩阻力问题;阐述了气动潜孔锤跟管钻进工作原理;分析了气动潜孔锤跟管受力过程,提出了应用波动力学理论计算确定气动潜孔锤跟管钻进的最大跟进套管深度的方法.     

气动潜孔锤钻进技术若干问题

气动潜孔锤钻进技术以其钻进效率高、钻孔质量好等一系列优点已被广泛应用,但在日常应用中也存在着诸如钻进效果不尽如人意,所选设备性能和施工条件不匹配、不适应其主要参数,基本操作守则掌握不好等问题。以工程实践为依据,参考有关文献,对气动潜孔锤钻进中的若干技术问题进行了论述,以期促进该技术的推广应用。     

潜孔锤跟管钻进技术在小浪底水利观测孔工程的应用

在黄河小浪底水利枢纽观测孔工程中,采用气动潜孔锤跟管钻进结合双动力头钻机成功地解决了普通气动潜孔锤及常规钻进工艺在厚度达50 m渣石层成孔难的问题。     

潜孔锤技术及其国内市场分析

本文阐述了潜孔锤钻进的特点、潜孔锤的主要类型及其分类方法、潜孔锤钻进工艺,包括风量、风压、钻压、转速等钻进参数;作者还对潜孔锤钻进的应用领域、潜孔锤技术的发展方向和国内市场进行了分析;文中还用表列出了国产潜孔锤产品的类型及技术参数。     

低压高能潜孔锤的研制

气动潜孔锤钻进技术自 2 0世纪初问世以来 ,应用领域不断拓宽 ,应用范围愈来愈广泛。随着科学技术的发展 ,此项技术日臻完善 ,在岩土钻凿施工的各个领域都发挥了显著作用。潜孔锤钻进的技术关键是潜孔锤的冲击能量 ,它决定了钻孔的效率和效果。研究和不断提高潜孔锤的冲击能量一直是该项技术的研究核心 ,为大幅度提高潜孔锤的冲击能量 ,国外工业发达国家采用了提高潜孔锤工作的动力介质 -压缩空气的工作压力 ,来提高潜孔锤的冲击能量 ,由中风压 (1.1～ 1.4ＭＰａ)发展到高风压 (2 .1～ 2 .46ＭＰａ) ,潜孔锤的冲击能量也随之数倍提高 ,钻进…     

潜孔锤反循环钻进内管堵塞的解决方法

潜孔锤反循环钻进内管堵塞的解决方法阎冠欣（河南煤田地质局四队平顶山４６７０００）关键词潜孔锤钻进;反循环钻进;冲击回转钻进;空气钻进;钻杆堵塞ｃｈＴｇｎｒｔ６ａｔＭａｔ４ＭａｔＨＰＲ２４Ｒ潜孔锤钻进在于旱缺水地区及岩石坚硬、漏水严重等地层条件下使用的...     

空气潜孔锤钻进在京西煤田的应用

介绍运用气动冲击器钻进京西浅部坚硬漏失地层,所取得的显著效果,及空气潜孔锤钻进的设备配置与工艺选择。      

多工艺空气钻进技术及其新进展

多工艺空气钻进技术具有很多优点,多年来除在水井、地热井广泛应用外,现煤矿瓦斯排放井、煤层气井、油气田井、太阳能井及各种大口径工程施工孔也已成为应用的热点。实践已充分证明,气动潜孔锤钻进技术,气举反循环钻进技术最受青睐。介绍了气动潜孔锤和气举反循环钻进技术的发展概况、工作原理、操作要点及应用的注意事项等。     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

Some Measurements of Radon in Soils and in Stream-Water in County Durham

Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters.     

内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究

为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。