Application of Borehole Core Magnetic Susceptibility and PXRF Measurement to the Moon Mountain Copper-Iron Mining Area in Chile and Prospecting Prediction

以智利月亮山铁氧化物铜金型矿床为例,利用磁化率K对铁磁性矿物及蚀变岩的现场识别能力和X射线荧光分析仪（PXRF）快速分析元素含量功能,结合矿床地质以闪长岩（5．5×10-3SI〈K〈17．9×10-3SI）、角砾岩（0．35×10-3SI〈K〈0．7×10-3SI）、磁铁矿（K〉753．4×10-3SI）、磁赤铁矿（313．3×10-3SI〈K〈753．4×10-3SI）、赤铁矿（0．78×10-3SI〈K〈1．62×10-3S1）、镜铁矿（0．67×10-3SI〈K〈0．78×10-3SI）等划分闪长岩亚相、角砾岩亚相、磁铁矿微相、磁赤铁矿微相、赤铁矿微相、镜铁矿微相;以PXRF现场测量铁含量〉30％,铜含量〉0．5％为含矿（化）界限,确定磁化率-铁铜含量对应关系：高磁化率-高铁含量-磁铁矿型、低磁化率-高铁含量-赤铁矿型（镜铁矿）、低磁化率-低铁含量-蚀变岩型,及岩相学找矿标志-矿物标志、构造标志、闪长岩标志、蚀变分带标志和矿物蚀变标志等,对月亮山矿区进行深部找矿预测。     

河南省安林地区接触交代型铁矿稀土元素地球化学特征

安林地区铁矿属典型的接触交代型铁矿，与成矿作用有关的岩浆岩为燕山期闪长岩，奥陶系马家沟组第三岩性段是主要的赋矿地层。通过对该矿区与成矿相关的岩矿石稀土元素地球化学研究表明：闪长岩w（ΣREE）_平均=114.12×10^-6，灰岩w（ΣREE）_平均=11.98×10^-6，磁铁矿石w（ΣREE）_平均=26.13×10^-6，矽卡岩w（ΣREE）_平均=65.67×10^-6，磁铁矿石和矽卡岩的稀土总量介于闪长岩与灰岩之间；稀土配分曲线总体上都表现为轻稀土相对富集的右倾型；闪长岩一般具有极弱的正Eu异常，灰岩具有较明显的负Eu异常，矽卡岩具有较弱的负Eu异常，磁铁矿石具弱的正Eu异常或Eu异常不明显；岩矿石的δCe值非常接近，且均不显示或显示极弱的负Ce异常；铁矿石和矽卡岩继承了来自闪长岩和灰岩的稀土元素特征，结合S、Pb同位素特征，认为闪长岩提供了主要成矿物质，赋矿地层也可能提供了部分成矿物质。     

新疆和田阿拉玛斯软玉成因

新疆和田阿拉玛斯矿床中的软玉矿体在花岗闪长岩和白云质大理岩中以脉状和透镜状产出。花岗闪长岩和白云质大理岩之间出现水平和垂直方向分布的软玉分带结构,这种分带包括镁铁尖晶石、透辉石、透闪石、青玉、青白玉、白玉和蛇纹石化白云质大理岩等矿物分带。采用电子探针和ICP-MS对这些白玉、青白玉和青玉的分带进行分析。这些软玉中的Cr (Cr=8.95×10^-6～178.7×10^-6) 和Ni (NiO=0.05×10^-6～3.95×10^-6) 的含量远低于与蛇纹石有关的软玉中的相关含量(Cr₂O₃=0.07%～0.43%,NiO=0.08%～0.36%)。软玉化学成分显示从白玉、青白玉到青玉的颜色变化主要与Fe元素的含量升高有关而与Cr、Mn等元素的含量关系不明显。花岗闪长岩和白云质大理岩之间的矿物分带显示了软玉分带的形成温度从高温到低温的变化、矿物从无OH^-到含OH^-的变化和透闪石颗粒从青玉到白玉不断变小。这些地质特征尤其是软玉分带现象表明了阿拉玛斯矿点是一个与白云质大理岩有关的接触交代成因的透闪石质软玉矿床。     

江达-维西火山岩浆弧中段德钦岩体年代学、地球化学及岩石成因

本文对江达-维西火山岩浆弧德钦岩体的寄主岩石——花岗闪长岩及其镁铁质微粒包体(MME)——闪长岩进行了详细研究。二者LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为254.6±1.8Ma和253.5±1.6Ma,二者形成时代一致。地球化学研究结果表明,花岗闪长岩富K₂O和Na₂O,且K₂O>Na₂O,富Al₂O₃,A/CNK平均为0.96;闪长岩富K₂O和Na₂O,但K₂O2O,富Al₂O₃和MgO,A/CNK平均为0.72;花岗闪长岩的稀土总量低于闪长岩,二者轻重稀土分馏明显,配分曲线为右倾的轻稀土富集型;二者均富集大离子亲石元素而亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta等;二者均具有相对较高的Mg^#(58.8~65.8),并具有相对较高的相容元素Cr、Ni含量(花岗闪长岩平均值分别为115×10^-6和31.6×10^-6,闪长岩平均值分别为398×10^-6和98.2×10^-6;花岗闪长岩和闪长岩¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf的平均值分别为0.282383和0.282287,二者ε_Hf(t)平均值分别为-8.3和-11.8,反映了二者属于I型花岗岩,可能为岩浆混合作用的产物。地球化学特征及Hf同位素组成一致显示岩浆来源于地壳的部分熔融,伴有不同比例的地幔物质加入,形成于弧陆碰撞-后碰撞的构造背景,暗示金沙江结合带在~255Ma已经进入了弧陆碰撞-后碰撞的地质时期。     

皖南歙县邓家坞钼矿床年代学及Hf同位素地球化学研究

歙县邓家坞片麻状花岗闪长岩体位于扬子陆块南缘,区内钼矿体主要产于岩体与变质流纹凝灰岩的外接触带上,受区内北东向的断裂控制。歙县邓家坞花岗闪长岩具有强过铝质的特征,为S-型花岗岩,属于高钾钙碱性系列岩石。岩石富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、K),相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti),稀土元素含量较低(ΣREE=114.3×10^-6~259.1×10^-6),轻重稀土分异明显(ΣLREE/ΣHREE=6.48~10.98),中等的Eu负异常(Eu_N/Eu_N^*=0.46~0.60),具有典型岛弧岩浆岩的特征。锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U表面年龄为739~816Ma,加权平均年龄为772±11Ma (MSWD=5.0),表明邓家坞片麻状花岗闪长岩体形成于新元古代,与皖南新元古代花岗闪长岩的主成岩年龄(740~825Ma)基本一致。根据岩石Zr含量计算出歙县邓家坞花岗闪长岩的"锆石饱和温度"为792~827℃。锆石Hf同位素ε_Hf(t)为0.55~4.69,平均值为2.48,二阶段模式年龄(t_DM2)为1364~1565Ma,表明邓家坞片麻状花岗闪长岩源区主要为新生地壳组分。邓家坞钼矿5个辉钼矿样品Re-Os同位素定年的模式年龄为141.1~141.6Ma,等时线年龄为141.8±2.2Ma,表明该钼矿的成矿时代为早白垩世。邓家坞片麻状花岗闪长岩体不是成矿岩体,因此推测可能其深部有隐伏的早白垩世岩体。辉钼矿的Re含量为12.6×10^-6~43.8×10^-6,表明成矿物质以壳源为主。     

加拿大马尼托巴Lac du Bonnet岩基磁化率测量的意义

在马尼托Lac du Bonnet岩基进行岩石物理参数(体积磁化率、磁各向异性、天然剩余磁化强度)的测量,用来描述岩石的岩性特征。钻了5个钻孔,共进尺2.8Km。确立了岩芯的磁化率与岩性之间的关系。磁化率值与岩性特征对应为:低磁化率(0～5×10~(-3)SI)为断裂带(开口断裂和闭合断裂)并伴生蚀变岩石;中等磁化率值(7～10×10~(-3)SI)对应于无蚀变及无断裂的均质岩石;高磁化率(20～100×10~(-3)SI)兼有低磁化率(0～5×10~(-3)SJ)区是非均质的岩石,如含镁铁质矿物的捕虏体。通过钻孔间的对比,在UKL-1,-5,-3岩芯上确定了两个无间断的主断裂带,这与利用地震反射资料确定的断裂带相吻合。磁各向异性与岩石组构有关。剩磁测量没有得到稳定的磁方向。火成岩的磁性测量是确定岩体特征的一个有效方法。     

内蒙古查干敖包三叠纪碱性石英闪长岩的地球化学特征及成因

近年来在西伯利亚板块南缘发现多处三叠纪碱性花岗岩, 构成了一个碱性花岗岩带。产出在该碱性花岗岩带上的查干敖包石英闪长岩岩体,SHRIMP 年龄为237Ma。本文通过元素地球化学和同位素地球化学分析,结果显示SiO₂含量60.70%~62.67%,平均值61.76%;K₂O+Na₂O为9.18%~10.48%,平均值9.74%,且Na₂O＞K₂O。这些岩石具有REE总量为(236.3~260.0)×10^-6,平均246.5×10^-6,右斜式稀土配分模式,LREE/HREE为18.91~20.11,平均19.48,显示微弱的Eu负异常的特征。它们也表现高的Sr和Ba含量、低的Y含量,其中Sr为1216×10^-6~2028×10^-6,平均为1707×10^-6,Ba为1597×10^-6~1947×10^-6,平均为1717×10^-6。Y为12.9×10^-6~16.5×10^-6,平均为15.3×10^-6。²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb比值为18.172~18.529,平均值为18.314,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为15.465~15.529,平均值为15.503,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值为37.831~38.120,平均值为38.016;初始锶比较集中,变化于0.70405~0.70411,平均0.70408;¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd的比值为0.0671~0.0679,平均0.06747;¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd的比值变化范围为0.512605~0.512631,平均值为0.512619。ε_Nd(t)均为正值,变化范围为3.3~3.8,平均3.5。Pb、Sr、Nd同位素特征均显示地幔来源的特征。这些地球化学和同位素特征值指示查干敖包石英闪长岩属于碱性岩类,源于西伯利亚板块与中朝板块碰撞后,由残留的古老俯冲洋壳部分熔融并经过富钾的基性幔源物质污染而成,与中朝板块北缘的三叠纪碱性岩带属同一期次岩浆活动的产物。该成果为西伯利亚板块与中朝板块碰撞闭合的时限提供了新证据。     

东天山黑峰山、双峰山及沙泉子(铜)铁矿床的矿物微量和稀土元素地球化学特征

东天山黑峰山铁矿床、双峰山铁矿床以及沙泉子铜铁矿床位于新疆哈密盆地以南,是东天山阿齐山-雅满苏构造带的重要矿床。文章利用磁铁矿、黄铁矿和方解石的微量元素及稀土元素组成示踪了这些矿床的成矿流体来源和性质,初步探讨了矿床的成因类型。激光剥蚀（LA）-ICP-MS磁铁矿微量元素分析表明,三个矿床的磁铁矿具有非常低的w（V）、w（Cr）和w（Ti）（平均分别为68×10^-6、13×10^-6和237×10^-6）,指示磁铁矿形成于热液过程而不是岩浆分异。黄铁矿中较高的Cu含量可能反映了含Cu矿物微颗粒的存在。黄铁矿中较低的Pb、Zn含量可能反映了成矿流体中较低的Pb²⁺和Zn²⁺浓度。黄铁矿中的Co/Ni比值表明这些矿床均为火山-热液成因。三个矿床黄铁矿的稀土元素总量都很低（ΣREE为0.58×10^-6~3.02×10^-6）,黑峰山铁矿中的黄铁矿轻、重稀土元素分馏不明显,双峰山铁矿和沙泉子铜铁矿中的黄铁矿均为轻稀土元素富集型,（La/Yb）_N分别为3.51~13.4和2.76~17.2。三个矿床略有差别的方解石稀土元素配分模式,反映了其流体组成和形成机制的差别。黑峰山铁矿中的重稀土元素富集型的方解石稀土元素配分模式为方解石Sm-Nd定年提供了依据。三个矿床的黄铁矿和方解石均无Ce异常,黑峰山铁矿中的黄铁矿和方解石表现为负Eu异常,而双峰山铁矿和沙泉子铜铁矿中的黄铁矿和方解石表现为正Eu异常,反映了三个矿床均形成于较高的温度,前者成矿流体可能为碱性,后两者成矿流体为酸性、还原性。结合前人研究成果认为,黑峰山铁矿、双峰山铁矿及沙泉子铜铁矿均为火山热液-充填（交代）矿床。     

新疆哈图早二叠世富镁闪长岩的时代、地球化学特征和可能的成因机制

西准噶尔别鲁阿嘎希地区广泛发育富镁闪长质小岩体和岩墙。对岩墙全岩样品的Ar-Ar测年获得了292±3Ma的坪年龄,显示其主要形成于早二叠世。这些小岩体和岩墙均为钙碱性系列岩石,具有宽的SiO₂(51.9%～62.6%)、高的MgO(Mg^#>60)、Cr(45.8×10^-6～539×10^-6)、Ni(17.2×10^-6～197×10^-6)含量,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)(如 K、Rb、Ba、Th和U)、亏损高强场元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti),富集LREE,亏损HREE。这些特征类似于日本中新世Setouchi火山岩带中的赞岐岩。这些岩体/岩墙很可能是在俯冲过程中,经洋壳板片的脱水形成流体与地幔橄榄岩相互作用而成。这表明,西准噶尔别鲁阿嘎希地区早二叠世为岛弧环境。而富镁闪长岩的形成过程也有利于铜-金矿床的形成,显示该区有良好的成矿远景。     

中国大陆科学钻探主孔100-2000m岩心的磁化率各向异性及其地质意义

在常温常压条件下获得了中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔331块岩心的磁化率各向异性(AMS)数据,并建立了主孔100—2000m的体积磁化率和AMS连续剖面。数据统计分析显示,主孔100—2000m岩心的磁化率(κ)介于1．05×10-4SI和0．12SI之间,几何平均值为1．855×10-3SI;磁化率各向异性度(Pj)介于1．04和2．10之间,几何平均值为1．155。该井段出露的主要岩石类型有榴辉岩、退变质榴辉岩、角闪岩、正片麻岩、副片麻岩和蛇纹石化橄榄岩,它们的垂向分布特征控制着磁化率剖面的变化。主孔的超高压变质岩石在折返过程中普遍经历了强烈的角闪岩相退变质作用的改造。其磁化率特征也发生相应的改变。蛇纹石化橄榄岩具有很高的磁化率(8．58×10-2SI)和各向异性度(1．335)。这主要源于橄榄岩蛇纹石化过程中产生的大量磁铁矿。榴辉岩、退变质榴辉岩和角闪岩代表榴辉岩从新鲜到完全退变质的三个阶段,它们的磁化率和磁化率各向异性度分别为榴辉岩(1．28×10-3SI、1．077)、退变质榴辉岩(3．19×10-3SI、1．206)、角闪岩(1．02×10-3SI、1．104)。正片麻岩的磁化率和各向异性度分别为5．34×10-3SI和1．167。副片麻岩的磁化率和各向异性度分别为3．46×10-4SI和1．150。对58个变形岩石的AMS测试结果显示,其磁化率椭球体的主轴方向与岩石组构基本一致,即最大磁化率主轴κ1平行矿物线理,最小磁化率主轴κ3垂直岩石面理。同时,这些变形岩石的AMS椭球体多呈现明显的压扁状特征,反映超高压变质岩石在折返过程中处于强烈挤压变形的构造应力环境,为苏鲁超高压变质板片的挤出折返模式提供了佐证。该研究成果也为超高压变质岩石地区磁学研究、地球物理调查和测井成果的解释提供了重要的实验约束。     

阿勒泰西南缘珠万喀腊铜矿杂岩体特征及找矿意义

位于阿尔泰西南缘的珠万喀腊杂岩体,产于珠万喀腊二叠纪陆相火山岩盆地,侵入地层为下二叠统哈尔加乌组和卡拉岗组,主要由闪长岩相和辉长岩相组成,二者呈侵入接触关系。其中闪长岩相存在三个过渡的岩相带:中心相闪长岩,过渡相辉石闪长岩及边缘相蚀变闪长岩。辉长岩相发现辉石岩、蛇纹岩、黄铜-磁黄铁矿化橄榄岩。地球化学特征表明,SiO2含量总体较低,为47.14%～55.90%,为中基性岩石。K2O+NaO变化范围1.27%～6.99%,岩石为碱性岩石系列。稀土元素丰度在131.1×10-6～159.7×10-6之间,属富集REE。LREE/HREE比值为2.87～3.52,属轻稀土富集型。微量元素总体富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE),显示了岛弧岩浆的一些特点,可能是岩浆岩源区保留有早期俯冲的洋壳。EH4测量结果表明杂岩体内存在层状低阻异常带,可能为含矿岩相。岩体下部(距离地表700～800m处)可作为进一步找矿的有利部位。     

Variations in Chemical Composition of Clay Minerals and Magnetic Susceptibility of Hydrothermally Altered Rocks in the Hishikari Epithermal Gold Deposit, SW Kyushu, Japan

Hydrothermal alteration, involving chiefly chlorite and illite, is extensively distributed within host rocks of the Pleistocene Hishikari Lower Andesites (HLA) and the Cretaceous Shimanto Supergroup (SSG) in the underground mining area of the Hishikari epithermal gold deposit, Kagoshima, Japan. Approximately 60% of the mineable auriferous quartz‐adularia veins in the Honko vein system occur in sedimentary rocks of the SSG, whereas all the veins of the Yamada vein system occur in volcanic rocks of the HLA. Variations in the abundance and chemical composition of hydrothermal minerals and magnetic susceptibility of the hydrothermally altered rocks of the HLA and SSG were analyzed. In volcanic rocks of the HLA, hydrothermal minerals such as quartz, chlorite, adularia, illite, and pyrite replaced primary minerals. The amount of hydrothermal minerals in the volcanic rocks including chlorite, adularia, illite, and pyrite as well as the altered and/or replaced pyroxenes and plagioclase phenocrysts increases toward the veins in the Honko vein system. The vein‐centered variation in mineral assemblage is pronounced within up to 25 m from the veins in the peripheral area of the Honko vein system, whereas it is not as apparent in the Yamada vein system. The hydrothermal minerals in sandstone of the SSG occur mainly as seams less than a few millimeters thick and are sporadically observed in halos along the veins and/or the seams. The alteration halos in sandstone of the SSG are restricted to within 1 m of the veins. In the peripheral area of the Honko vein system, chlorite in volcanic rocks is characterized by increasing in Al in its tetrahedral layer and the Fe/Fe + Mg ratio toward the veins, while illite in volcanic rocks has relatively low K and a restricted range of Fe/Fe + Mg ratios. Temperature estimates derived from chlorite geothermometry rise toward the veins within the volcanic rocks. The magnetic susceptibility of tuff breccia of the HLA varies from 21 to less than 0.01 × 10^?3 SI within a span of 40 m from the veins and has significant variation relative to that of andesite (27–0.06 × 10^?3 SI). The variation peripheral to the Honko vein system correlates with an increase in the abundance of hematite pseudomorphs after magnetite, the percentage of adularia and chlorite with high Fe/Fe + Mg ratios, and the degree of plagioclase alteration with decreasing distance to the veins. In contrast, sedimentary rocks of the SSG maintain a consistent magnetic susceptibility across the alteration zone, within a narrow range from 0.3 to 0.2 × 10^?3 SI. Magnetic susceptibility of volcanic rocks of the HLA, especially tuff breccia, could serve as an effective exploration tool for identifying altered volcanic rocks.     

Redox Condition,Nature and Tectono-magmatic Environment of Granitoids and Granite gneisses from the Karbi Anglong Hills,Northeast India: Constraints from Magnetic Susceptibility and Biotite Geochemistry

The Karbi Anglong hills (erstwhile Mikir hills) in northeast India are detached and separated from the Meghalaya plateau by a NW-SE trending Kopili rift. The Karbi Anglong hills granitoids (KAHG) and its granite gneissic variants belong to Cambrian plutons formed during Pan-African orogenic cycle, which commonly intrude the basement granite gneisses and Shillong Group metasediments. The KAHG can be broadly classified into three major granitoid facies viz., coarse grained porphyritic granitoid, medium grained massive non-porphyritic granitoid, and granite gneiss, which share a common mineral assemblage of plagioclase-K-feldspar-quartz-biotite±hornblende-apatite-titanite-zircon-magnetite but differ greatly in mineral proportion and texture. Modal mineralogy of KAHG, granite gneiss and basement granite gneiss largely represents monzogranite and syenogranite. The magnetic susceptibility (MS) of the KAHG, granite gneiss and basement granite gneiss varies widely between 0.11×10^-3 and 43.144×10^-3 SI units, corresponding to ilmenite series (<3×10^-3 SI; reduced type) and magnetite series (>3×10^-3 SI; oxidized type) of granitoids respectively. The observed MS variations are most likely intrinsic to heterogeneous source regions, modal variations of orthomagnetic and ferromagnetic minerals, and tectonothermal and deformational processes that acted upon these rocks. The primary and re-equilibrated compositions of biotites from the KAHG, granite gneiss and basement granite gneiss suggest calcalkaline, metaluminous (I-type) nature of felsic host magma formed in a subduction or post-collisional to peraluminous (S-type) host magma originated in syn-collisional tectonic settings, which were evolved and stabilized between FMQ and NNO buffers typically corresponding to reducing and oxidising magma environments respectively.     

Accessory Fe-Ti oxides in the West-Carpathian I-type granitoids: witnesses of the granite mixing and late oxidation processes

Fe-Ti-oxides may reach hundreds ppm in I-type granitoids and close to microgranular mafic enclaves (MME) up to several thousands ppm. Western Carpathian I-type granitoids have magnetic susceptibility above 3?×?10^?4 SI units, whereas S-type granites are lower. Associated MMEs reach up to 160?×?10^?4 SI. The measurement of magnetic susceptibility in field appears a useful tool for regional mapping of I-type granites and searching enclaves. The increased contents of Fe-oxides around MME within host I-type granitoids are interpreted as result of hybridization with mafic magma. The hybridisation is manifested by occurrence of two Fe-Ti-oxide generations: (1) orthomagmatic titanomagnetite from pre-mixing stage, (2) late-magmatic magnetite of post-mixing stage. The titanomagnetites show composite textures with exsolved ilmenite. The oxybarometry (Sauerzapf et al. 2008; Ghiorso Evans 2009) yields temperatures 700?C750°C at fO₂ about NNO, and 650?C700°C below FMQ, respectively. Post-mixing pure magnetites originated from early titanomagnetite, annite and anorthite associated with titanite and apatite. The late oxidation seems to be responsible for high magnetic susceptibility of metaluminous I-type tonalites. Both post- and pre- mixing Fe-Ti oxides are locally converted to hematite.     

新疆葫芦铜镍矿床锆石U-Pb年代学、铂族元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

新疆东部葫芦岩体地表出露面积0.75km2,是由辉长闪长岩、辉长岩、辉石岩、辉橄岩、橄榄岩组成的复式岩体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,岩体形成年龄为274.5±3.9Ma,是东天山后碰撞伸展环境的产物。岩石和矿石的PGE总量低,其中IPGE与PPGE含量相近,PPGE略高于IPGE。岩石平均7.90×10-9,矿石平均45.57×10-9。在原始地幔标准化图解上,岩石和矿石具有相似的分配模式,PPGE和IPGE之间分异较弱。Ni/Cu-Pd/Ir关系图显示母岩浆主要为高镁的玄武质岩浆。根据矿石Cu/Pd比值114.67×103～157.42×103(平均136.05×103)和岩石Cu/Pd比值11.07×103～294.35×103(平均125.48×103)推断,葫芦矿床成矿母岩浆演化过程中经历了深部硫化物部分熔离的过程,这可能是导致该矿床PGE明显亏损的原因之一。地壳物质的混染(SiO2、S等的加入)以及橄榄石、辉石等矿物的分离结晶,是引起该矿床硫饱和并发生硫化物熔离作用而成矿的主要因素。     

火山岩磁化率特征及其影响因素:以准东石炭系巴塔玛依内山组为例

以准噶尔盆地东部石炭系巴塔玛依内山组火山岩为例,通过测量分析不同岩性类型火山岩磁化率,确定研究区主要类型火山岩的磁化率特征,总结磁化率的影响因素。结果表明,研究区内基性火山岩的平均磁化率为11.705×10~(-3)SI,中性火山岩的平均磁化率为6.325×10~(-3)SI,酸性火山岩的平均磁化率为0.345×10~(-3)SI,磁化率可以有效区分这三种具有不同磁性矿物组合的岩石类型。研究区火山岩受成岩作用改造强烈,其磁化率受矿物组成、成岩方式、结构构造及岩石蚀变等因素的综合影响。进一步研究发现,钙质、硅质等逆磁性矿物不同程度地交代辉石和角闪石等强磁性矿物斑晶,且作为填隙物的主要成分充填于岩石孔缝中,是致使研究区中基性火山岩整体磁化率明显偏低的主要原因。     

宁芜玢岩铁矿磷灰石的稀土元素特征

文章分析了宁芜玢岩铁矿 4种产状磷灰石的稀土元素组成 ,并与Kiruna型铁矿和斜长岩、苏长岩及钛铁霞辉岩中磷灰石的稀土元素组成进行了对比。结果表明产地和母岩不同的矿床中 ,它们的磷灰石稀土元素分布型式一致 ,以轻稀土富集和Eu负异常明显为特征 ,属陆相岩浆成因。前 3种产状磷灰石的ΣREE变化于 30 31.48×10 -6～ 12 0 80× 10 -6,第 4种产状磷灰石的ΣREE仅为 195 8× 10 -6,反映岩浆演化到热液的晚期阶段成矿溶液稀土元素含量较低。尽管辉长闪长玢岩与磷灰石的稀土元素分布型式一致 ,但辉长闪长玢岩无Eu异常或有弱Eu正异常 ,代表它们的地幔源区低氧逸度的还原环境 ,或反映氧逸度较高情况下的分离结晶作用。不混溶作用形成的矿浆在冷凝过程中 ,Eu2 + 优先被透辉石捕获 ,使得稍晚结晶的磷灰石产生负Eu异常     

Granitoids and Their Magnetic Susceptibility in South Korea

Abstract: Magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements were carried out for 1,120 samples in the Middle Proterozoic to Early Tertiary granitoids so far recognized in South Korea, and the lateral and spatial variation of their magnetic susceptibility, i.e., content of magnetite, is studied. The Middle Proterozoic two mica granitoids related to cassiterite (Sn) deposits in northeastern part of the Sobaegsan Massif show very low MS (less than 0.3 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit), and the Permo‐Triassic tonalitic to granodioritic and monzonitic rocks which are barren in mineralization, distributed in the middle part of South Korea also show low MS (less than 1 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit). On the contrary the Late Triassic to Jurassic granitoids (= Daebo granitoids) which were evolved from tonalite through granodiorite to granite, and are most widely distributed in South Korea, show a wide variation on MS. Particularly in the Andong, Igsan, Gimcheon and Geochang areas, the granitoids which are barren in mineralization, are characterized by high MS (more than 10 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit). The Chuncheon, Jecheon, Namyang and Geumsan plutons related to molybdenite (Mo) and/or wolframite or scheelite (W), and fluorite (F) mineralizations show a little high MS (more than 3 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit). However, more than 60% of the Daebo granitoids show low MS (less than 3 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit) and the rest show a little high MS (more than 3 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit). Heterogeneous distribution of magnetite content in the Daebo granitoids is considered to reflect heterogeneity of redox state of the source materials for these granitoids. The Cretaceous to Early Tertiary granitoids (= Bulgugsa granitoids) in the Gyeongsang Basin had been generally evolved in the order of tonalite, diorite, granodiorite, granite and alkali‐feldspar granites, which are closely related to base metal ore deposits, and mostly show higher MS (more than 3 A‐ 10^‐3 SI unit) than other granitoids mentioned above, although some exceptions are recognized in highly evolved alkali‐feldspar granites (SiO₂ > 76%). In contrast, as most of the highly oxidized or evolved Cretaceous granitoids distributed in areas other than the Gyeongsang Basin show lower MS than those of the Gyeongsang Basin, and appear to be magnetite free, ilmenite‐series granites, but they might be hematite bearing magnetite‐series granitoids. Highly oxidized nature of the Bulgugsa granitoids may be due to high Fe₂O₃/FeO ratio of the source materials and also high level intrusion style of the granitic magma activities. Most of the granitic rocks of the Middle Proterozoic, Permo‐Triassic and more than 60% of the Late Triassic to Jurassic (Daebo granitoids) belong to ilmenite–series, however less than 40% of the Daebo granitoids and most Cretaceous ones are magnetite–series. Thus, the granitic magma intruded in Korean Peninsula became oxidized while the intrusive ages become younger.     

Magnetic susceptibility mapping of felsic magmatic lithounits in the central part of Bundelkhand Massif,central India

Late Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic felsic magmatic lithounits exposed in the central part of the Bundelkhand massif have been mapped and their redox series (magnetite vs ilmenite series) evaluated based on magnetic susceptibility (MS) data. The central part of Bundelkhand massif comprises of multiple felsic magmatic pulses (∼2600–2200 Ma), commonly represented by coarse grained granite (CGG-grey granite, CPG-pink granite), medium grained pink granite (MPG), fine grained pink granite (FPG), grey and pink rhyolites and granite porphyry (GP). However, the pink colour of these felsic rocks is the result of hydrothermal fluid-flushing leading to potassic alteration of grey granites. MS values of CGG vary from 0.058 to 14.75×10⁻³ SI with an average of 6.35×10⁻³ SI, which mostly represent oxidized type, magnetite series (73%) granites involving infracrustal (igneous) source materials. CPG (av. MS=3.95×10⁻³ SI) is indeed a pink variety of CGG, the original oxidizing nature of which must have been similar to the bulk of CGG, but has been moderately to strongly reduced because of distinctly more porphyritic nature together with partial assimilation of metapelitic (supracrustal) materials, surmicaceous enclaves, carbonaceous material included in the source materials, and to some extent, induced by hydrothermal and later deformational processes. MPG (av. MS= 1.15×10⁻³ SI) as lensoidal stock-like bodies intrudes the CPG and represent both magnetite series (18%) and ilmenite series (82%) granites, which are probably formed by heterogeneous (mixed) source rocks. GP (av. MS=6.26×10⁻³ SI) occur as dykes (mostly trending NE-SW) intrudes the MPG, CPG and migmatites and bears the nature similar to oxidized type, magnetite series granite. FPG (av. MS= 0.666×10⁻³ SI) trending NE-SW occur as lensoid bodies including a large outcrop, is intrusive into both CPG and MPG, and is moderately to very strongly reduced type, ilmenite series granites, which may be derived by the melting of metapelitic crustal sources. FPG hosting microgranular (mafic magmatic) enclaves commonly exhibit high MS values (7.31–10.22×10⁻³ SI), which appear induced by the mixing and mingling of interacting felsic and mafic magmas prevailed in an open system. Grey (av. MS=10.30×10⁻³ SI) and pink (av. MS=6.72×10⁻³ SI) rhyolites represent oxidized type, magnetite series granites, which may have been derived from infracrustal (magmatic) protoliths. Granite series evaluation of felsic magmatic rocks of central part of Bundelkhand massif strongly suggests their varied redox conditions (differential oxygen fugacity) mostly intrinsic to magma source regions and partially modified by hydrothermal and tectonic processes acting upon them.     

Palaeomagnetic study of Archaean Banded Hematite Jasper Rocks from the Singhbhum-Orissa Craton, India

The Banded Hematite Jasper Formation within the Iron Ore Supergroup of the Singhbhum Craton in eastern India comprises fine alternating layers of jasper and specularite. It was deposited at 3000 Ma and deformed by a mobile episode at 2700 Ma. Hematite pigment (<1 μm) mixed with cryptocrystalline silica and specularite (> 10 μm) is chiefly responsible for red to brown rhythmic bands in the hematite jasper facies although thermomagnetic study also shows that minor amounts (1–2%) of magnetite are present. Palaeomagnetic study identifies a dual polarity remanence resident in hematite (D/I = 283/60°, α₉₅ = 12°) which predates deformation. Studies of the fabric of magnetic susceptibility and rock magnetic results suggest a diagenetic origin for this magnetisation with the hematite formed from oxidation of primary magnetite. The palaeopole (32°E, 24°N, dp/dm = 14/18°) records the earliest post-metamorphic magnetisation event in the Orissa Craton. A minimum apparent polar wander motion of the Orissa-Singhbhum craton of through 80° is identified during Late Archaean times (2900-2600 Ma).