西藏蒙亚啊铅锌矿区花岗斑岩年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素组成特征

蒙亚啊铅锌矿床位于冈底斯铅锌成矿带东段,矿区发育大量的花岗斑岩体.本文通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、主量元素、微量元素地球化学和锆石Hf同位素组成探讨了花岗斑岩体侵位时序、岩石成因、成岩物质源区及其与成矿之间的关系.锆石U-Pb年代学测试结果表明,花岗斑岩体侵位时代为13.18～13.57 Ma,系中新世岩浆作用的产物.花岗斑岩富硅,富碱,A/CNK为1.04～1.15;稀土元素呈轻稀土富集的配分模式,发育明显的Eu负异常;微量元素中富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb等大离子亲石元素,而Ba、Sr及高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ce、P、Zr、Ti则有不同程度的亏损.主量、微量元素综合研究结果显示花岗斑岩为高分异的S型花岗岩.花岗斑岩εHf(t)值为-9.0～1.6之间,平均值为-2.0;两阶段模式年龄为996～1673Ma,平均值为1225Ma.花岗斑岩亏损高场强元素及锆石Hf同位素组成特征指示岩浆物质源区为念青唐古拉群结晶基底.     

西藏波龙斑岩铜金矿床成矿斑岩年代学、岩石化学特征及其成矿意义

波龙斑岩铜金矿床是近年来在青藏高原中部发现的最大的斑岩型矿床,波龙矿床发育两期花岗闪长斑岩和一期花岗斑岩,两期花岗闪长斑岩是波龙矿床的成矿斑岩。本文开展了波龙矿床三期斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄、全岩岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成分析。锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,三期斑岩在120Ma集中侵位。两期花岗闪长斑岩均富集轻稀土、大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土、高场强元素,Eu异常不明显,显示出岛弧岩浆岩的特征;两期花岗闪长斑岩的(87Sr/86Sr)i值分别为0.70562－0.70711和0.70567－0.70850,εNd(t)分别为-4.0－-3.1和-8.0－-2.4,εHf(t)值分别变化于2.5－6.9和3.3－6.9,表明两期花岗闪长斑岩起源于新生的下地壳;花岗斑岩也具有岛弧岩浆岩的岩石化学特征,但其具有较高εNd(t)值(-0.7－-0.2)和εHf(t)值(1.3－12.2),可能表明花岗斑岩也起源于下地壳,但有更多幔源物质混入。波龙斑岩铜金矿床形成于班公湖－怒江洋壳向北俯冲末期,其成岩－成矿可能与洋壳俯冲关系密切,但波龙矿床的三期斑岩均起源于新生的下地壳,可能表明在120Ma南羌塘地块南缘开始逐步加厚。     

江西崇义淘锡坑钨矿区煌斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年及地质意义

淘锡坑钨矿床是赣南崇(义)-(大)余-(上)犹钨锡多金属成矿带上重要的石英脉型钨矿床,深部存在与成矿关系密切的燕山期花岗岩体。本次研究在详细野外调查和岩相学研究基础上,首次在淘锡坑钨矿区发现煌斑岩脉,岩石定名为闪辉正煌岩,属于钙碱性钾质低钛煌斑岩,地球化学特征显示强烈亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti等高场强元素,相对富集Rb、Ba、Sr、Pb等大离子亲石元素和高场强元素LREE的特征。利用LAICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年,获得两组年龄,223.3~228.5 Ma可能代表了煌斑岩浆中所捕获锆石的年龄,说明区内存在印支期岩浆活动;158.2~159.6 Ma为煌斑岩脉的侵入年龄。该煌斑岩的侵位是与燕山期(170~150 Ma)南岭地区岩石圈发生全面伸展-减薄,大规模陆壳重熔型花岗岩类产出相伴随,记录了本区存在印支期和燕山期两期岩浆活动,是南岭中生代大规模岩浆活动同一构造背景下的产物。     

黑龙江省多宝山Cu-Mo矿床成矿斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

多宝山矿床位于大兴安岭北部,是中国东北地区规模最大的斑岩型Cu-Mo矿床。文章对该矿床中与成矿关系密切的花岗闪长斑岩进行了详细的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、主量元素、微量元素及Hf同位素研究。结果表明,花岗闪长斑岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(474.9±1.8)Ma,其w(Si O2)为70.73%~73.45%,w(K2O)和w(Na2O)分别为2.99%~3.88%、3.86%~4.38%,属高钾钙碱性系列。岩石富集轻稀土元素,(La/Yb)N=6.32~12.76,显示出Ba、K、La、Sr、Zr、Hf、Sm等元素富集,Th、Ta、Nb、Ce、P、Ti等元素亏损的特征。锆石εHf(t)值介于10.3~14.6。详尽的元素和同位素地球化学特征表明多宝山花岗闪长斑岩可能形成于大陆边缘弧环境,来源于加厚陆壳条件下亏损地幔新增生的年轻地壳物质的部分熔融过程。     

广东陶锡湖锡多金属矿床花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

陶锡湖锡多金属矿床是粤东锡多金属成矿带内一个与花岗斑岩有关的矿床。本文对与矿化有关的陶锡湖花岗斑岩进行了岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年显示,花岗斑岩侵位年龄为141.8±1.0 Ma,是早白垩世岩浆作用的产物。岩石地球化学特征显示,花岗斑岩属于弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,强烈富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb,亏损Ba、Sr、Ti、P、Nb、Ta,具有明显Eu负异常,属于高分异I型花岗岩。花岗斑岩成矿金属元素丰度值高,属于典型的含锡花岗岩。花岗斑岩锆石εHf(t)从-6.67变化到-2.32,二阶段模式年龄(tDM2)为1343~1615 Ma,表明其成岩物质主要来自古老地壳,可能有少量地幔物质的加入。根据所得地球化学和年代学数据,结合区域构造演化,陶锡湖花岗斑岩及相关的锡多金属矿床形成于古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲作用有关的区域伸展的动力学背景。     

大兴安岭北段小柯勒河花岗斑岩地球化学、Hf同位素组成及锆石U-Pb定年

小柯勒河钼铜矿床是近年来大兴安岭北段发现的斑岩型矿床,成矿与花岗闪长斑岩有关。本文研究的花岗斑岩脉侵位到花岗闪长斑岩中,围绕花岗斑岩叠加了新的蚀变和矿化。花岗斑岩内部和两侧发育有带状分布的钾化、硅化和绢英岩化蚀变,蚀变带内发育浸染状和细脉状黄铁矿、辉钼矿和黄铜矿,辉钼矿矿化尤为强烈,总体表现为中高温热液蚀变和矿化特征。本文通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学与Hf同位素研究,揭示了花岗斑岩岩石成因、岩浆源区和构造背景。获得岩石锆石U-Pb年龄为(131.42±0.39) Ma,为早白垩世。小柯勒河花岗斑岩的组成矿物主要为正长石、钠长石、微斜长石和石英,无碱性铁镁矿物及富铝矿物。岩石属于高钾钙碱性系列,具有高SiO₂(76.24%~77.55%)、富碱((K₂O+Na₂O)含量8.12%~8.44%)、贫MgO(0.09%~0.16%)、低CaO(0.30%~0.65%)的特点,A/CNK值为0.94~1.04,并富集Rb、Th、U,亏损Nb、P、Ti。岩石的(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)含量和10000 Ga/Al比值均低于A型花岗岩的下限,综合矿物学及地球化学特征表明花岗斑岩属于高分异I型花岗岩。锆石的ε_Hf(t)的值为-0.2~+4.0,Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄T_DM2(Hf)=1 199~931 Ma,表明岩浆主要起源于亏损地幔的新增生地壳,形成过程可能有古老地壳物质的混染。结合区域构造演化资料及构造判别图,认为岩石形成于古太平洋板块俯冲弧后扩张和蒙古—鄂霍茨克造山后的伸展环境。晚侏罗世末期—早白垩世是大兴安岭中北段重要的钼(铜)矿化爆发期,这一时期侵位的浅成高钾钙碱性花岗质侵入体,是寻找斑岩型钼(铜)的重要目标地质体。     

黑龙江陈家店金矿区花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学特征及地质意义

对黑龙江陈家店金矿区内花岗斑岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及元素地球化学研究。测年结果显示,花岗斑岩锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为(227±4)Ma。岩石地球化学特征显示,花岗斑岩具有富Si、富Al、富碱质和低Mg、低Ca的特征;微量元素表现出高场强元素(HFSE)Th、Rb和K明显富集,而大离子亲石元素(LILE)Ba、Sr和Ti明显亏损的特点;稀土元素以明显的轻稀土元素富集重稀土元素相对亏损为特征,轻、重稀土元素分馏程度较强(La/Yb)_N=0.47~4.99,有强烈的Eu负异常(δEu=0.08~0.68)。构造判别图解显示,花岗斑岩具有碰撞后花岗岩特征,形成于碰撞后的构造环境。综合研究认为,矿区花岗斑岩的成因类型为S型花岗岩,其成岩时代为晚三叠世,形成于古亚洲洋闭合后的陆陆碰撞造山环境,地处火山弧形构造带,属于安第斯型大陆边缘。     

辽宁兴城新立屯地区岩浆杂岩岩石学特征、侵位顺序及地质意义

辽宁兴城新立屯地区岩浆杂岩主要由4种不同的岩石单元组成,分别为似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,中细粒石英闪长岩,花岗细晶岩和花岗伟晶岩,前两者分布广泛且为研究区的主要岩石单元,后两者则呈脉状侵入到前两者中。应用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法,测得似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,中细粒石英闪长岩及花岗细晶岩的年龄分别为2 496±18 Ma,2 490±19 Ma,2 479±29 Ma,形成于古元古代早期。结合野外地质特征,侵位顺序由早到晚依次为:似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,中细粒石英闪长岩,花岗细晶岩,花岗伟晶岩。岩石地球化学特征显示,新立屯地区岩浆杂岩主量元素方面具高硅(SiO2=61.38%~74.99%),富碱(Na2O+K2O=6.86%~9.41%),富Mg#(56~70)特征;A/CNK=0.91~1.18,属准铝质-过铝质岩石;微量元素方面,相对富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,具有Eu异常(δEu=0.50~0.96);富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素;锆石Lu-Hf同位素特征εHf(t)值为-1.12~+6.13;TDM2(Hf)介于2 594~2 937 Ma,显示该套岩浆杂岩可能为地幔物质加入新生地壳再造的产物。     

粤东横田花岗斑岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学和锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

横田花岗斑岩位于粤东田东钨锡多金属矿床的中部。以横田花岗斑岩为研究对象,开展了SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学、锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成特征研究。花岗斑岩多呈岩株产出,灰白色,斑状结构,块状构造,主要由斑晶(10%)和基质(90%)组成,斑晶由斜长石、钾长石、石英、黑云母组成,杂乱分布,粒度为0.6~6mm,基质由长石、石英、黑云母组成,长石粒度为0.02~0.25mm。获得花岗斑岩锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为142±1Ma,说明岩体形成于早白垩世。主量、微量元素特征显示,花岗斑岩属于高钾钙碱性强过铝质,富集Rb、U、Nd、Hf等元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti等,与高分异的S型花岗岩相似。花岗斑岩的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值均小于0,在t-ε_(Hf)(t)和t-(~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf)_i图上,所有样品点均落在球粒陨石演化线之下和华南中元古代基底演化线之上,二阶段模式年龄变化范围为1.28~1.47Ga,表明成岩物质主要来源于中元古代古老地壳变质泥岩部分熔融。     

广东园珠顶铜钼矿床花岗斑岩年代学、地球化学特征及锆石Hf同位素

园珠顶铜钼矿床位于钦杭成矿带南段的大瑶山隆起北缘,为大型斑岩型铜钼矿床。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,获得了花岗斑岩的高精度成岩年龄,为（154.3±1.7） Ma （n=12,MSWD=3.1）,为晚侏罗世岩浆活动的产物,与辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素年龄155 Ma相吻合。岩石地球化学分析表明,园珠顶花岗斑岩高硅〔w（SiO₂）为68.81%~70.21%〕、富碱〔w（Na₂O）+w（K₂O）为6.78%~8.01%〕、准铝质-弱过铝质（A/CNK为0.96~1.04）;稀土元素总量中等（ΣREE 为142.15×10^-6~170.83×10^-6）,富集轻稀土元素（ΣLREE 为135.05×10^-6~162.34×10^-6）,轻重稀土元素分馏明显〔（La/Yb）_N=30.97~32.10〕,弱的Eu负异常（δEu=0.86~0.89）,稀土元素配分模式总体右倾;岩石相对富集Rb、K等大离子亲石元素（LILE）及高场强元素Th、U,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素（HFSE）及部分大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr。LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石Hf 的原位分析表明,¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf值变化于0.282 500~0.282 801之间,ε_Hf（t）值介于-6.27~4.19。综合分析表明,园珠顶花岗斑岩为准铝质-弱过铝质的I型花岗岩,具有壳幔混合源成因,锆石ε_Hf（t）值反映了园珠顶花岗斑岩的成岩源区较为复杂,总体具亏损岩浆源区的特征,以幔源物质为主,但在岩浆侵位过程中遭受了古老地壳物质的混染。结合区域构造背景和前人研究成果,认为园珠顶斑岩体及铜钼矿,与钦杭成矿带北段的永平铜矿具有一致的成岩成矿构造背景,形成于板块俯冲环境。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.