贵州天桥铅锌矿床分散元素赋存状态及规律

利用电子探针(EPMA)、电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)等分析了天桥铅锌矿床矿石矿物中分散元素的含量、赋存状态及规律,结果表明分散元素在该矿床中含量达到了综合利用评价指标,有的甚至达到了工业品位(如Cd等);这些分散元素可能以类质同象的形式赋存在硫化物矿物中,其规律为Ga、Cd、In等赋存在闪锌矿中,Ge、Tl等赋存在方铅矿中,黄铁矿中分散元素富集低;在不同颜色闪锌矿中,Ga、Cd富集规律表现为浅色闪锌矿>中色闪锌矿>黑色闪锌矿,而Ge、Tl、In、Se富集表现出中色闪锌矿相对高于浅色及黑色闪锌矿;同标本中,不同颜色闪锌矿的Ge、In富集规律在还显示浅色闪锌矿>中色闪锌矿>黑色闪锌矿,而Ga、Tl、Cd、Se富集规律呈现中色闪锌矿相对高于浅色及黑色闪锌矿.Ga/In、Zn/Cd等参数指示出矿床成因类型可能为热液-沉积-改造.     

扬子地块西南缘铅锌矿床Cd、Ge与Ga富集规律初步研究

扬子地块西南缘分布着大量富含Cd、Ge与Ga的铅锌矿床，已成为我国Pb、Zn及Cd、Ge与Ga矿产资源的重要生产基地。对代表性铅锌矿床进行野外地质调查和系统采样鉴定后．应用电子探针微区分析手段，研究主要矿石矿物闪锌矿、方铅矿和黄铁矿中分散元素的富集特征。结果显示．各类矿床中闪锌矿均相对富集Cd，方铅矿富集Ge与Ga，而黄铁矿中Cd、Ge与Ga的富集系数均相对较低．未呈现出选择性富集的趋势；赋存于震旦纪一寒武纪地层且以脉状、网脉状产出的矿体中闪锌矿的Cd含量明显高于赋存于晚古生代并以层状产出的矿体中闪锌矿的Cd含量。     

云南会泽铅锌矿床分散元素的富集机制——兼论浅色闪锌矿富集Cd的原因

文章对云南会泽铅锌矿床的黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿中的分散元素进行了电子探针分析(EMPA),探讨了分散元素的富集机制.结果表明,分散元素含量已达到综合利用指标,且富集规律为:分散元素以类质同象的形式赋存,黄铁矿中分散元素含量较低,而方铅矿中分散元素的含量稍高于闪锌矿.闪锌矿中:Cd富集顺序为红色＞杂色＞黑色,在高温阶段Cd置换Fe,低温阶段Cd置换Zn;Ga通过置换Zn进入闪锌矿,Ge可能主要替代Fe而进入闪锌矿晶格.方铅矿中:Cd和Ga元素置换Fe或Pb先进入方铅矿晶格内,Ge则富集较晚,具体表现为:当Ga含量较低时,元素进入方铅矿品格顺序为Fe,Zn→Cd→Ga,Ge,当Ga含量较高时,元素进入方铅矿品格的顺序依次为Cd,Ga→Ge.     

黔西北铅锌成矿区矿石硫化物中镉的富集规律及机制

黔西北铅锌成矿区多数矿床矿石硫化物中富集多种分散元素（如cd、Ge、se、In和Ga等）,特别是cd的含量最高,达2906X10^6。利用电子探针（EPMA）和电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP—MS）等先进分析设备,初步查明了本区代表性矿床矿石硫化物中分散元素cd的赋存状态及富集规律：cd主要以类质同象形式赋存于金属硫化物相中,特别是闪锌矿中;其富集规律为闪锌矿cd含量最高,其次为方铅矿,最低为黄铁矿。研究发现闪锌矿中Cd含量与其zn含量并不呈类质同象的负相关特征,而是呈明显的正相关关系,并与闪锌矿中Fe含量呈“双曲线”的相关趋势,这一特征表明cd在闪锌矿中富集可能是通过替代其中的Fe实现的,研究认为是流体混合结果,这可能代表一种新的富集成矿机制。     

Enrichment characteristics and its geological significance of dispersed elements within sulfide minerals from the VI ore belt in the Maoping Pb-Zn deposit,Yunnan Province,ChinaSCIEI北大核心CSCD

作为华南大面积低温成矿域的重要组成部分,川滇黔铅锌矿集区是我国重要的铅锌银等资源基地之一,同时该矿集区也是Ge、Cd、Ga和In等稀散元素的超常富集区域。毛坪矿床是该矿集区内第二大铅锌矿床,累计探明铅锌金属储量超过3Mt(Pb+Zn平均品位≥18%),锗(Ge)保有储量182t。本文以新发现的Ⅵ矿带(铅锌金属已探明储量≥60万t,Pb+Zn平均品位≥20%)为研究对象,利用LA-ICPMS对主要矿石矿物闪锌矿和黄铁矿进行了微区原位微量元素组成和Mapping分析。研究结果显示Ⅵ矿带闪锌矿普遍富集Ge(最高580×10^(-6),均值81.1×10^(-6))、Cd(最高3486×10^(-6),均值1613×10^(-6))和Ga(最高190×10^(-6),均值44.4×10^(-6));黄铁矿普遍富集Mn、As、Pb、Cu、Ag和Sb。与Ⅰ和Ⅱ号矿带闪锌矿相比,Ⅵ号矿带闪锌矿更富集Ge和Ga。闪锌矿中Fe和Pb以类质同象为主,偶见黄铁矿和方铅矿显微包体;Cu、Ge、Ag和As赋存形式主要为类质同象,替代方式为Ge^(4+)+2(Cu+,Ag+,As+)↔3Zn^(2+);Cd以类质同象方式赋存为主,替代机制为Cd^(2+)↔Zn^(2+);Ga和In可能主要以类质同象方式存在。黄铁矿中Pb和Mn主要以方铅矿和碳酸盐矿物显微包体为主;Cu、As和Sb以类质同象形式存在于黄铁矿中;Ag和Zn可能以独立矿物形式赋存;Co和Ni以类质同象方式替代Fe进入黄铁矿晶格中,替代方式为Ni^(2+)+Co^(2+)↔2Fe^(2+)。毛坪矿床新发现Ⅵ矿带硫化物相比典型MVT矿床硫化物具有不同的In和Ge含量以及Cd/Fe比值,结合矿床地质特征和其他证据,表明毛坪矿床成因类型特殊,有别于经典MVT铅锌矿床,属于川滇黔型铅锌矿床。     

阿尔金喀腊达坂铅锌矿床金属硫化物元素地球化学特征及其对成矿作用的制约

喀腊达坂铅锌矿床是近年来在阿尔金北缘红柳沟-拉配泉金铜铁多金属成矿带内发现的一处大型铅锌矿床(铅锌铜金属资源量82.88万吨,平均品位:Zn 4.14%、Pb2.52%和Cu 1.10%)。相比找矿勘查取得的重大突破,对其成矿作用的研究则显得相对薄弱,目前有关该矿床成因的认识还存在分歧。本文试图通过硫化物电子探针和LA-ICPMS微量元素分析,结合元素Mapping面分析,查明闪锌矿和方铅矿中微量元素的分布特征和赋存状态,以期为理解该矿床成因提供有益信息。分析结果显示:闪锌矿相对富Fe、Mn和Cd等元素,贫In、Sn、Ga、Cr、Ge和Co等元素,Cu和Pb的含量变化大,Fe、Mn、Cd、In、Ga和Cr在闪锌矿中以类质同象形式存在,而Cu和Pb则可能既以类质同象形式又以显微包体形式存在;方铅矿相对富Bi、Sb、Ag和Tl,贫Cd、Cu、Sn和Te为特征,其中前者以类质同象形式赋存于方铅矿中。达坂闪锌矿的颜色以红褐色、灰白色和米黄色为主,其Zn、Fe、Cd、Ga和In含量及Zn/Cd、Zn/Fe和Ga/In比值显示闪锌矿的形成温度为中温。基于闪锌矿-方铅矿共生矿物对Cd地质温度计获得的温度范围为277～321℃,平均值为290℃,亦说明达坂矿床硫化物的形成温度不高。与全球不同成因铅锌矿床的微量元素及相关比值相比,达坂铅锌矿床硫化物的微量元素组成特征与VMS型矿床(如Marketorp、Eskay Creek、澜沧老厂等)更为类似,但达坂矿床的闪锌矿中黄铜矿"病毒"结构十分发育,加之矿体变质变形特征明显。因此,本文认为达坂铅锌矿床以VMS型成因为主,但不排除后期热液对其形成有一定程度的影响。     

云南会泽铅锌矿床闪锌矿化学成分特征及其指示意义

在详细的野外调研及岩相学研究基础上,通过电子探针分析(EMPA)和电感耦合等离子体质谱分析(ICPMS),系统研究云南会泽铅锌矿不同成矿阶段闪锌矿化学成分特征,探讨Zn、Fe、Cd、Ge、In、Ag的富集规律及其指示意义。研究表明,该矿床的热液成矿作用可划分为4个阶段,依次为细粒黄铁矿阶段、多金属硫化物阶段、黄铁矿-方铅矿阶段和碳酸盐阶段,其中闪锌矿的形成可划分为两个阶段,从早到晚颜色由黑色变为红色。早阶段闪锌矿富Fe,贫Ge、In、Ag、Zn和Cd;晚阶段闪锌矿富Ge、In、Ag、Zn和Cd,相对贫Fe。闪锌矿中Cd、Ge等有用组分均已达到工业综合利用要求,主要替代Fe进入闪锌矿晶格。闪锌矿中Fe S含量从早到晚呈降低趋势,估算早期成矿温度为170~262℃,晚期成矿温度低于203℃,结合Zn/Cd含量比值变化范围,认为该矿床属于中温热液矿床,其成矿温度由早至晚逐渐降低。空间上,Zn、Fe含量及Zn/Cd值均指示矿床形成时热液由深部向浅部流动。将该矿床闪锌矿中In、Cd、Ga、Ge、Zn/Cd、Ga/In、Ge/In等特征元素及其比值与典型铅锌矿进行对比,显示会泽铅锌矿与MVT型铅锌矿床类似。     

新疆火烧云超大型铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量(稀散)元素组成特征与指示意义北大核心CSCD

位于青藏高原西北部的新疆和田火烧云超大型铅锌矿床是近年来我国乃至全球最重要的铅锌找矿发现之一。该矿床矿石矿物以铅锌碳酸盐为主(菱锌矿和白铅矿),同时还发育有少量的铅锌硫化物矿体,目前对于火烧云矿床的成因仍存在较大分歧。本文以矿床硫化物矿体中的闪锌矿为研究对象,通过LAICP-MS微量元素测试和Mapping分析,揭示闪锌矿中微量元素(稀散元素)的富集规律和赋存状态,为矿床成因的厘定提供依据。结果表明,火烧云铅锌矿床闪锌矿中微量元素分布不均一,含量变化较大,以富集Cd、Tl、Ge等稀散元素为特征;Cd、Tl、Ge、Mn、As、Hg等微量元素以类质同象的形式赋存在闪锌矿中,其中,Cu与Ge的含量呈现较好的线性关系,推测在闪锌矿结晶过程中存在3Zn^(2+)Ge^(4+)+2Cu^(+)的替代机制,而Cd进入闪锌矿的方式可能为Zn^(2+)Cd^(2+),且Cd的异常富集可能与闪锌矿中低Fe含量有关;闪锌矿中微量元素Ga、Ge、Fe、Mn、In的组成特征指示了硫化物矿体形成于低温环境(65~140℃),与MVT型矿床的成矿温度一致。总体上,该矿床中的闪锌矿以富集Cd、Tl、Ge,贫Fe、Mn、In为特征,这与典型的MVT型矿床基本一致,明显区别于SEDEX、VMS与矽卡岩型铅锌矿床。结合矿床地质特征,笔者认为火烧云铅锌矿床中硫化物矿体成因与金顶铅锌矿床类似,属于MVT型矿床。     

吉林集安铅锌矿地球化学与分散元素

吉林集安铅锌矿床是我国最早报导的少数几个典型低温铅锌矿床之一。矿化具有多期次特点 ,富矿体都是多期次矿化叠加的产物。根据矿化先后和矿物生成顺序将矿化分为五个阶段 :①石英 黄铁矿矿化阶段 ;②重晶石 闪锌矿矿化阶段 ;③石英 方铅矿矿化阶段 ;④石英 黄铁矿矿化阶段 ;⑤碳酸盐 氧化矿物矿化阶段。用均一法和爆裂法测得石英、重晶石、闪锌矿包裹体成矿温度变化在 1 1 0℃～ 1 97℃之间。矿床中除含铅锌矿外 ,还有微量的Pt和Pd,并普遍含分散元素Cd、Ga、Tl、In、Se、Ge、Te,其中以Cd含量最高 ,闪锌矿中Cd含量最高可达 71 5 5× 1 0 6。分散元素主要呈类质同象形式赋存在各种矿物之中 ,未发现独立矿物。通过矿床地质和硫铅同位素研究表明该铅锌矿床属低温沉积 改造型层控矿床。     

滇东北麻栗坪铅锌矿床微量元素分布与赋存状态:LA-ICPMS研究

位于扬子板块西南缘的"川滇黔接壤铅锌矿集区"是我国西南大面积低温成矿域的重要组成部分,麻栗坪铅锌矿床位于该矿集区昭通-曲靖成矿带中段,是近年来滇东北地区新发现的铅锌矿床。本文以麻栗坪铅锌矿不同硫化物为研究对象,通过LA-ICPMS原位点测试和元素Mapping分析,尝试揭示该矿床中Ge、Cd和In等微量元素在不同硫化物中分布规律与赋存状态。本次研究发现,麻栗坪矿床不同硫化物中富集的微量元素明显不同,闪锌矿主要富集Mn、Cu、Sn、Cd、In和Ge,而方铅矿主要富集Ag、Sb和Se,黄铁矿则富集As、Co和Ni。闪锌矿是分散元素Ge、In和Cd的主要载体矿物,且Cd、Ge、In、Mn、As、Sb和Ag以类质同象形式赋存于闪锌矿中;而Cu则主要以类质同象形式存在,部分Cu以黄铜矿的显微包裹体形式赋存于闪锌矿中,其中以类质同象赋存于闪锌矿中Cu和Ge呈现明显的相关性,可能暗示其与Zn的置换方式为:3Zn2+Ge4++2Cu+。总体上,该矿床闪锌矿以富集Cd、Ge,贫Fe、Mn、Co、Sn为特征,这些微量元素组成与典型MVT型矿床基本一致,明显有别于喷流沉积和岩浆热液型矿床,而与中低温条件下形成的闪锌矿微量元素组成相似。结合该矿床后生成矿特征明显等地质地球化学研究成果,我们认为该矿床应属于MVT型铅锌矿床。值得注意的是,该矿床闪锌矿相对富集In,可能暗示其形成具有特殊性,这可能与其成矿流体在长距离运移过程中所流经地层有关,该类流体活化萃取了基底地层的中-酸性岩浆岩或火山碎屑岩中的In,致使矿床中闪锌矿相对富集In。     

Distribution and existing forms of trace elements from Maliping Pb-Zn deposit in northeastern Yunnan,China : A LA-ICPMS studyEI北大核心CSCD

The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou (SYG) Pb-Zn metallogenic province, located in southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block, is an important part of the large-scale low-temperature metallogenic domain in southwestern China. The Maliping Pb-Zn deposit, situated in the central part of Zhaotong-Qujing metallogenic belt, was found in northeastern Yunnan Province recently. The orebody is hosted in Late Cambrian Yuhucun Formation, occurring as stratabound, tense and venis. The mineral assemblage of the Maliping deposit is relatively simple. The main sulfide minerals are sphalerite and galena with minor pyrite. Gangue minerals include mainly dolomite, calcite, quartz and barite. LA-ICPMS spots and mapping analysis for the different sulfides from Maliping Pb-Zn deposit, and the distribution and existing forms of germanium, cadmium, indium and other trace elements were investigated. The results show that different sulfides are characterized by different contents of trace elements. Mn, Cu, Sn, Cd, In and Ge are mainly enriched in sphalerite, while galena from this deposit is enrichment of Ag, Sb and Se, and pyrite is characterized by enrichment of As, Co and Ni. Comparing with the content of dispersed elements in different sulfides, the results indicate that sphalerite is the primary carrier mineral of Ge, In and Cd. Cd, Ge, In, Mn, As, Sb and Ag occur as isomorphous substitution in the sphalerite, and Cu mostly exists in sphalerite as isomorphism but part of Cu occurs as micro-inclusions (chalcopyrite) in sphalerite. Considered the distinct positive relationship between Cu and Ge, the results imply that the substitution mechanism of Ge and Cu is possibly 3Zn(2+) <-> Ge4+ + 2Cu(+). Additionally, sphalerite from Maliping Pb-Zn deposit is characterized by enrichment of Cd, Ge and depleted in Mn, Fe, Co and Sn which coincides with the feature of MVT Pb-Zn deposit and differs from the sedimentary-exhalative deposit and magmatic-hydrothermal deposit. On account of the geological features, other geochemical researches and its ore-forming temperature belonging to low temperature, it is suggested that the Maliping deposit belongs to an MVT Pb-Zn deposit. Notably, we imply that ore-forming fluid extracted indium of magmatic and volcaniclastic rocks from the metamorphic basement, resulting in the enrichment of indium in sphalerite from the deposit.     

Trace Elements and Rare Earth Elements of Sulfide Minerals in the Tianqiao Pb-Zn Ore Deposit, Guizhou Province, China

Trace elements and rare earth elements (REE) of the sulfide minerals were determined by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results indicate that V, Cu, Sn, Ga, Cd, In, and Se are concentrated in sphalerite, Sb, As, Ge, and Tl are concentrated in galena, and almost all trace elements in pyrite are low. The Ga and Cd contents in the light-yellow sphalerites are higher than that in the brown and the black sphalerites. The contents of Ge, Tl, In, and Se in brown sphalerites are higher than that in light-yellow sphalerites and black sphalerites. It shows that REE concentrations are higher in pyrite than in sphalerite, and galena. In sphalerites, the REE concentration decreases from light-yellow sphalerites, brown sphalerites, to black sphalerites. The ratios of Ga/In are more than 10, and Co/Ni are less than 1 in the studied sphalerites and pyrites, respectively, indicating that the genesis of the Tianqiao Pb–Zn ore deposit might belong to sedimentary-reformed genesis associated with hydrothermal genesis. The relationship between LnGa and LnIn in sphalerite, and between LnBi and LnSb in galena, indicates that the Tianqiao Pb–Zn ore deposit might belong to sedimentary-reformed genesis. Based on the chondrite-normalized REE patterns, δEu is a negative anomaly (0.13–0.88), and δCe does not show obvious anomaly (0.88–1.31); all the samples have low total REE concentrations (<3 ppm) and a wide range of light rare earth element/high rare earth element ratios (1.12–12.35). These results indicate that the ore-forming fluids occur under a reducing environment. Comparison REE compositions and parameters of sphalerites, galenas, pyrites, ores, altered dolostone rocks, strata carbonates, and the pyrite from Lower Carboniferous Datang Formation showed that the ore-forming fluids might come from polycomponent systems, that is, different chronostratigraphic units could make an important contribution to the ore-forming fluids. Combined with the tectonic setting and previous isotopic geochemistry evidence, we conclude that the ore-deposit genesis is hydrothermal, sedimentary reformed, with multisources characteristics of ore-forming fluids.     

云南富乐铅锌矿床黄铁矿微量(稀散)元素组成及成因信息:LA-ICPMS研究

川滇黔铅锌矿集区是华南大面积低温成矿域的重要组成部分,区内铅锌矿床是否属于MVT型矿床长期存在争议。该区铅锌矿床以富集Ge等稀散元素为特征,闪锌矿是其主要载体矿物,但稀散元素在黄铁矿中是否富集、赋存状态及微量元素组成特征等研究基本属于空白。本文通过LA-ICPMS研究富乐黄铁矿中微量元素(尤其是稀散元素)的富集特征,发现黄铁矿中也相对富集Ge。本研究样品选自富乐矿床的富乐和富盛两个矿段,包括1350、1410和1536三个中段(由深到浅),LAICPMS分析结果表明,该矿床黄铁矿以富集Cu、As、Co、Ni为特征,局部富集Pb(Sb)和Zn(以方铅矿和闪锌矿显微包裹体形式赋存于黄铁矿中),该类黄铁矿富集的稀散元素主要为Se、Ge及少量Tl、Te,而Cd和In以类质同象形式赋存于含Zn的显微包裹体(闪锌矿)中,类质同象是其余稀散元素主要赋存形式,且黄铁矿中Ge与Cu存在较好相关关系,可能存在Cu~(2+)+Ge~(2+)?2Fe~(2+)耦合置换方式。此外,黄铁矿中稀散元素的富集与成矿元素(特别是Cu)的富集密切相关,随着成矿作用的进行,从矿体深部到浅部,成矿温度逐渐降低,Se/Te比值逐渐升高,且稀散元素与成矿元素呈逐渐增加趋势。研究表明,该矿床黄铁矿的Co/Ni比值基本都小于1. 00,暗示其属于沉积改造型黄铁矿,在Co-Ni和稀散元素Se-Tl含量投影图上,富乐矿床黄铁矿的投影点与MVT型矿床投影区基本一致,而明显有别于SEDEX、VMS和矽卡岩型矿床中黄铁矿的投影区,结合富乐矿床类似于MVT型的地质特征,我们认为富乐矿床属于MVT型铅锌矿床。     

闪锌矿LA-ICP-MS微量元素组成对西藏纳如松多铅锌矿床成矿作用的制约

西藏纳如松多铅锌矿床是冈底斯北侧Pb-Zn-Ag-Mo成矿带中规模最大且最为典型的与斑岩系统相关的铅锌矿床,发育有多种矿化样式。本次研究选取该矿床隐爆角砾岩型矿体中的闪锌矿开展LA-ICP-MS微量元素组成研究,发现其中Fe含量不高,不属于高温铁闪锌矿,以富集Cd、Mn、Co,而贫In、Ga、Ge、Se、Te为特征。闪锌矿In/Ga值、In/Ge值及Zn/Cd值指示纳如松多隐爆角砾岩型铅锌矿体形成于中低温环境,且属于热液型矿床的范畴。闪锌矿原位微量元素特征指示纳如松多铅锌矿床的形成主要受到来自于岩浆热液作用的影响和控制,成矿物质主要来自于深部斑岩岩浆系统。     

黔西北筲箕湾铅锌矿床硫同位素地球化学研究

筲箕湾铅锌矿床是近年在川一滇一黔铅锌成矿域黔西北铅锌成矿区垭都一蟒硐成矿带发现的中型矿床,有关其地质、地球化学研究前人极少涉及,严重制约了成矿机制和成矿预测研究。本次工作对该矿床原生矿体主要矿石矿物（黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿）进行了硫同位素组成分析,探讨了成矿流体中硫的来源。结果表明,矿床 δ34s值集中在10％。～12％e之间,不同于δ34S值在O‰附近的幔源硫,与区域各时代碳酸盐岩地层中石膏、重晶石等硫酸盐矿物的δ34s值（约15％o）相近,认为成矿流体中的硫为区域各时代碳酸盐岩地层中膏盐层热化学还原作用（TSR）的产物。     

Minor elements and ore genesis of the Fankou lead-zinc deposit,China

The Fankou Pb-Zn deposit occurs in the Middle-Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous carbonate and argillaceous carbonate formations. In principle, the deposit can be classified as a carbonate-hosted strate-bound deposit. Representative sphalerite, galena, and pyrite separates from Fankou have been analysed. For the purpose of comparison a literature survey on minor elements of other districts have been carried out. The comparison of determined data with the quoted data shows that the Fankou sphalerites are rich in Ga, Ge and Ag, but poor in Se and Te; the Fankou galenas are rich in Ag, Hg, Sb and As, but poor in Se, Te, Tl and Bi; the Fankou pyrites are rich in As, Cd and In, but poor in Se, Te, Co and Ni. Zn/Cd and Se/S×10^–4 ratios for sphalerites, Sb/Ag, Sb/Bi and Se/S×10^–4 ratios for galenas and Co/Ni ratios for pyrites from Fankou and other districts have been calculated. Ga-Ge-Ag atomic ratios in sphalerites, Sb-Bi-Ag atomic ratios in galenas and Co-Ni relations in pyrites have been plotted. The average value (311) of Zn/Cd ratios for sphalerites from Fankou is similar to values of sphalerites from Gaobanhe, Heqing, Accesa and Broken Hill. The average Sb/Ag ratio (0.74) and the Sb-Bi-Ag atomic ratios in Fankou galenas are similar to those in the syngenetic galena from the British Island. The Ga-Ge-Ag atomic ratios for Fankou sphalerites are similar to those for the syngenetic sphalerites and Gorno sphalerites. The average Co/Ni ratio (1.1) for micro to fine-grained pyrites from Fankou laminated-bedded pyrite ore is similar to that (0.8) for the sedimentary pyrites from other districts. As to the fine to medium-grained pyrites from Fankou massive pyritic ores, their higher Co/Ni ratios (1.6–1.8) may relate to the fact that more Ni is lost than Co, during the reformation or recrystallization. Sphalerite, galena and pyrite from Fankou all are rather poor in Se and have very low values of Se/S×10^–4, so they may bear no genetic relation to volcanism. To sum up, the following conclusions can be reached: (1) The Fankou deposit possesses some syngenetic features. (2) Evidently it differs from skarn type, hydrothermal type, and volcanogenic type deposits. (3) Surely it is a reformed sedimentary Pb-Zn deposit.     

A study on the distribution characteristics and existing states of cadmium in the Jinding Pb-Zn deposit,Yunnan Province,China

The distribution characteristics and existing state of cadmium in the Jinding Pb-Zn deposit were studied. It was discovered that Cd was mainly distributed in sphalerite as an isomorphic impurity. There was a good correla-tion between Cd and Zn in the primary ore. With the oxidation and resolution of pyrite, sphalerite, sulfide, and etc., many secondary minerals, such as colloform sphalerite and smithsonite, were formed. The distribution of Cd is not symmetrical, and enrichment and dilution were observed in partial area of the oxidation zone in the deposit. Cd, except in external pore space or cracks of secondary minerals as independent minerals, such as greenockite, was mainly distributed in sphalerite as an isomorphic impurity in the secondary sphalerate and smithsonite in the oxida-tion zone. The research showed that Cd showed a very strong active transfer ability in the oxidation process, not only indicating that supergene leaching might be the main reason for Cd enrichment in some Pb-Zn deposits, but also reflecting that Cd was easily mobilizeed and transferred to pollute ore areas in the oxidation process. Furthermore, Cd in oxidation ore was more easily mobilized and transferred to induce bad hazards for ore areas with the effect from AMD which was produced from oxidation of sulfides.