甘肃红石泉伟晶状白岗岩岩相学和岩石地球化学

伟晶状白岗岩是红石泉铀矿床的含矿主岩,主要由钾长石、石英以及斜长石、黑云母、白云母组成,副矿物为黄铁矿和锆石。具有富硅(w(SiO_2)平均72.36%)、高碱(w(Na_2O+K_2O)平均8.75%),相对富钾贫钠(w(K_2O/Na_2O)平均2.67),低铁(w(TFe_2O_3)平均2.75%)、镁(w(MgO)平均0.70%)、钙(w(CaO)平均0.74%),弱过铝的特点,属于弱过铝高钾钙碱性系列岩石,具有S型花岗岩特征。微量元素Rb、Th、U、La、Ce、Nd、Zr、Hf等元素相对富集,Ba、Sr、Ti、P等元素相对亏损,具有明显的U、Th富集,Eu负异常。轻稀土元素相对富集,较重稀土元素分馏明显,球粒陨石标准化分布型式图总体略显右倾。结合该区的构造-岩浆演化特点,认为伟晶状白岗岩形成于中高温低压的后碰撞构造环境。     

庐枞盆地砖桥地区科学深钻岩浆岩LA-MC-ICP MS锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学特征

本文对庐枞盆地砖桥地区科学深钻ZK01中的粗安岩、正长岩和黑云母二长岩进行了LA-MC-ICP MS锆石U-Pb定年,年龄分别是131.29±0.85Ma,130.95±0.56Ma,130.88±0.41Ma。全岩主、微量元素分析结果表明ZK01中的火成岩富钾(K2O平均为3.7%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O平均为8.4%),富集强不相容元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素和重稀土元素,均属于准铝质-过铝质岩石。在SiO2-K2O图解中,绝大多数样品点落在含钾较高的钾玄岩区域中,火山岩和侵入岩均属于橄榄玄粗岩系。岩浆演化过程中有矿物的分离结晶作用。粗安岩、正长岩和黑云母二长岩的锆石εHf(t)值分别为-12.9~-7.6,-10.1~-6.5,-11.1~-3.4。推测ZK01中的岩浆岩主要来源于俯冲板片流体交代形成的富集地幔,稍有陆壳物质的混染,岩浆形成于岩石圈拉张伸展的构造背景之下。     

桂北罗城地区云煌岩成因——地球化学及U-Pb年龄约束

对桂北罗城地区云煌岩开展系统的地球化学研究及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得锆石U-Pb年龄为248±1 Ma。其富钾(K_2O/Na_2O=4.23～136.2),富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=6.86%～8.03%),钾的含量显著高于大陆地壳平均值,富集轻稀土元素及大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,具有较低的La/Nb值,Nb/U值低于洋中脊玄武岩、岛弧玄武岩及上地壳值,与全球平均俯冲沉积物接近,表明源区可能为早期俯冲交代作用形成的富集地幔。结合区域构造背景分析,推测桂北罗城地区云煌岩形成在中生代三叠纪(248±1 Ma)华南陆内岩石圈伸展减薄的背景下,软流圈上涌促使交代富集地幔发生部分熔融形成云煌岩岩浆,区域上NNE向的深大断裂为岩浆喷发提供通道。     

内蒙古基东地区晚泥盆世辉长岩体岩石地球化学特征及其意义

内蒙古基东地区辉长岩体位于北山成矿带北侧的石板井-七一山-呼伦西伯成矿带西北缘。该辉长岩体的岩石类型主要为辉长岩,次为角闪辉长岩,少量为辉长闪长岩。对辉长岩体进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年以及主微量元素等分析。研究结果显示:辉长岩体形成于晚泥盆世(D3),其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(371.3±2.0)Ma。辉长岩体主量元素表现出富Al[w(Al2O3)=17.94%～20.93%]、高Na[w(Na2O)=2.08%～3.75%]和低K[w(K2O)=0.16%～0.98%]的岩石地球化学特征,属钙碱性系列。稀土元素配分模式为LREE富集的右倾型,其(La/Yb)N比值为1.92～4.62,无铈异常(Ce/Ce*=1.00～1.11),部分具正Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=1.08～2.20)。微量元素比值蛛网图表现出P、Ti的亏损和Sr的富集。辉长岩体形成于岩浆弧环境,属白山晚古生代岩浆弧的组成部分,是红石山大洋向南俯冲所形成的岩浆产物。     

东昆仑东段香加南山花岗岩基中加鲁河中基性岩体形成时代、成因及其地质意义

东昆仑东段香加南山花岗岩基中加鲁河中基性岩体主要岩石类型包括角闪辉长岩和石英闪长岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示加鲁河中基性岩体的结晶年龄为220 Ma。岩体SiO_2含量较低,为47.91%~58.92%,Al_2O_3含量为15.54%~18.35%,Na2O为1.70%~3.34%,K_2O为0.58%~1.92%,Na_2O/K_2O比值为1.34~2.93,平均1.92,MgO含量为3.69%~8.24%,Mg~#为46~61,铝饱和指数A/CNK介于0.70~0.90之间,主体属于准铝质中钾钙碱性系列。岩体富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,具明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.40~0.59);微量元素富集Rb、Th、Ba等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE)。岩石学和地球化学研究显示岩体在地壳深部和浅部经历了两次岩浆混合作用。在深部,幔源岩浆底侵作用使下地壳部分熔融形成长英质岩浆,两种岩浆不同比例混合,经过化学扩散均一化,从而具有相似的同位素特征和岩石地球化学特征。在地壳浅部,经深部混合的岩浆注入花岗质岩浆,岩浆边部同花岗岩完全混合形成加鲁河岩体中石英闪长岩,不完全混合则形成暗色微粒包体。对加鲁河中基性岩体研究表明,东昆仑东段在晚三叠世处于古特提斯演化的后碰撞阶段,在这一时期存在岩浆底侵事件。     

青藏高原古特提斯洋早石炭世弧后拉张:来自A型花岗岩的证据

本文报道了羌塘中部冈玛错钾长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析结果。钾长花岗岩中的锆石具岩浆生长环带,未见继承的老核,并且锆石Th/U比值大于0.5(0.58~1.05),显示出典型岩浆成因的锆石特征。锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果为352.4±1.9Ma,表明其形成时代为早石炭世。钾长花岗岩富硅(Si O_2=74.17%~77.88%),低铝(Al2O3=10.50%~11.98%),贫镁(Mg O=0.23%~0.36%),富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=5.74%~7.24%),Na_2OK_2O,K_2O/Na_2O=0.53~0.71,A/CNK=0.87~1.06,富集轻稀土元素和Zr、Hf、Rb、Th和U等元素,亏损Sr、Eu、P和Ti等元素,10000Ga/Al=3.12~4.14,显示出A2型花岗岩的地球化学特征。钾长花岗岩中锆石的εHf(t)值和Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄分别变化于+4.40~+12.14和549~985Ma,显示出正的、不均一的同位素组成,可能形成于壳-幔混合作用,其中幔源端元应当是伸展环境下上涌的地幔岩浆,而壳源端元则可能是扬子板块新元古代的新生地壳部分熔融形成的长英质岩浆。结合区域地质资料,认为该花岗岩可能形成于古特提斯洋壳对羌北-昌都板块北向俯冲引起的陆缘弧后拉张环境。     

内蒙古达茂旗黄花滩铜镍矿辉长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Hf同位素特征

内蒙古达茂旗黄花滩铜镍矿位于华北克拉通北缘白云鄂博裂谷系,铜镍矿体产出于辉长岩体边缘与片麻岩的接触部位。利用LA-ICP-MS技术测得黄花滩铜镍矿辉长岩锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为268.7±1.1 Ma(MSWD=0.44,n=32),限定黄花滩铜镍矿是中二叠世岩浆活动的产物。黄花滩矿区辉长岩具有高Al_2O_3(17.72%～19.81%)、偏碱性(K_2O+Na_2O=4.37%～5.09%)、低P_2O_5(0.28%～0.42%)、低Ti_2O(0.83%～1.21%)的特征,属钙碱性系列。岩石稀土元素总量为144×10~(-6)～167×10~(-6),富集轻稀土元素,(La/Yb)_N介于7.43～8.85之间,显弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.84～0.88),微量元素富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K、Sr),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)。锆石ε_(Hf)(t)变化范围为-17.69～-12.53(平均值为-15.21),二阶段"地壳"Hf模式年龄(t_(Hf2))介于2082～2411 Ma之间。地球化学特征表明,辉长岩源区为大量遭受地壳混染的岩石圈地幔,地壳物质很可能由色尔腾山群岩石部分熔融形成。结合区域构造演化,认为黄花滩辉长岩形成于造山后构造背景,为晚古生代伸展体制下幔源岩浆活动的产物。     

北大巴山花栎村镁铁质岩地球化学、年代学及其构造环境制约

北大巴山岚皋花栎村镁铁质岩为一套辉绿岩、辉长辉绿岩、辉绿玢岩和辉长岩组合,主要组成矿物为单斜辉石、长石,副矿物主要为铁钛氧化物等。镁铁质岩地球化学特征表现为高TiO_2(2.26%~7.30%)、TFe_2O_3(11.17%~17.0%)、较低的MgO(2.96%~5.52%)及较高的全碱含量(K_2O+Na_2O=3.07%~6.76%),属于典型的碱性辉长岩系列,Mg~#值(36~42)较高,表明岩体来源于高度演化的岩浆。微量元素特征显示富集大离子亲石元素Ba、Pb,稀土元素配分曲线显示明显的轻稀土元素富集特征(La_N/Yb_N=9.34~13.05),微量和稀土元素综合显示似洋岛玄武岩的地球化学特征。花栎村镁铁质岩LA-ICP-MS锆石年龄为436.9±2.4Ma,与相邻地区岩体形成年代一致,综合限定北大巴山地区岩浆活动时代为早志留世。岩体表现为EMⅠ、EMⅡ和少量HIMU的混和富集地幔源区特征及地幔柱源区特征,地幔动力学分析表明,早志留世或之前北大巴山地区可能存在一期与俯冲相关的弧后拉张作用导致下部岩浆上涌侵位,最终完成该区岩浆作用。     

辽东宽甸东北沟钼矿二长花岗岩年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素特征

东北沟钼矿是辽宁宽甸地区近些年发现的大型隐爆角砾岩型钼矿床。文章首次对东北沟钼矿床赋矿围岩二长花岗岩进行LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,主量元素、微量元素和Hf同位素地球化学研究,锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,二长花岗岩形成年龄为(129.4±0.3)Ma(MSWD=0.83),为燕山期构造岩浆活动产物。地球化学成分上,岩石具有富硅(SiO_2=62.21%~83.21%)、高钾(K_2O/Na_2O=3.35~20.27)和富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=5.82%~12.23%)的特点,属于钾玄岩系列。岩石富集轻稀土元素(LREE/HREE=10.26~24.21),亏损重稀土元素,具有弱负铕异常(δEu=0.63~1.07),富集大离子亲石元素(如K、Rb、Pb)和不相容元素(如Th、U)的特征,相对亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、P、Ti)。锆石Hf同位素分析结果表明,东北沟钼矿二长花岗岩的ε_(Hf)(t)值为介于-12.4~-8.5,二阶段模式年龄(t_(DM2))介于442~1610 Ma,反映岩浆源区可能来源于中元古界古老地壳的再熔融。结合区域构造演化,成岩成矿构造背景为早白垩世古太平洋板块向欧亚之下俯冲,岩石圈减薄的构造环境。     

兴安地块南段晚泥盆世包格德岩体时代的厘定及地质意义

中亚造山带东端兴安地块南段的包格德岩体由石英二长岩、二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩3种岩性组成,岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果分别为368±1 Ma、364±1 Ma、355±1 Ma,为晚泥盆-早石炭世岩浆活动的产物;岩体的(Na_2O+K_2O)含量为7.62%～8.82%,K_2O/Na_2O值为0.93～4.21,具有富碱且相对富钾的特点,A/CNK为0.95～1.20,以准铝质-弱过铝质为主,成因上为高钾钙碱性系列的I型花岗岩;岩体具有偏低的稀土元素总量(83.60×10~(-6)～163.40×10~(-6)),中等的铕负异常(δEu=0.34～0.78),相对富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、K)及轻稀土元素,不同程度亏损Ba、Sr、Ti及P等元素;岩体形成于活动大陆边缘弧的伸展环境,与古亚洲洋的演化有关。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the