Investigating CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-enhanced oil recovery potential for a mature oil field: a case study based on Ankleshwar oil field,Cambay Basin,India

CO₂-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is an upcoming technology in India. At present, no Indian field is under CO₂-EOR and implementation of this technique to a mature oil field needs a rigorous study. In the present work, we made an attempt to investigate the CO₂-EOR potential of a mature oil field, situated in Cambay Basin, India. The field was put on production in 1961, and it has produced approximately 65.36 MMt oil during massive water flooding, leading to residual oil reserves of 6.49 MMt. The operator of the field is interested in incremental oil recovery from this field by injecting CO₂. This requires estimation of incremental oil recovery potential of the field by carrying out systematic study. We, therefore, developed a conceptual model inspired by Ankleshwar oil field of Cambay Basin using available information provided by the field operator and carried out systematic studies to establish an optimized strategy for CO₂ injection. To achieve this goal, we investigated the effect of various operational parameters on oil recovery efficiency of our conceptual model and selected optimum parameters for reservoir simulations. Simulation results clearly indicate that the field can be a good candidate for CO₂-EOR, and an additional oil recovery of 10.4% of hydrocarbon pore volume is feasible. Major outcome of the study is an optimized black-oil simulation model, which is in good agreement with the fine grid compositional model of high accuracy. The proposed black-oil model can easily be implemented and updated compared with compute intensive finer compositional simulation model.     

因子型油气田开发预测增长模型

本文基于b^t^c因子型模型，提出了一种参数少、易于求解各类开发指标的新型b^t^c参数因子型增长模型。推导出了开发速度、采出程度、无量纲开法速度、最终采收率等油气开发指标的数学关系式。其待定系数由3个系数采用幂函数拟合法求取。对萨马特洛油田进行了实例计算，其预测曲线与实际曲线符合较好。表明该模型不可作为油气田指标预测。     

泡沫复合驱应用方案的模拟评价

在泡沫复合驱油矿场试验过程中,由于压缩机注入压力以及现有注采工艺技术的限制,导致泡沫复合驱实际应用方案与实验方案有很大差异。为了正确评价试验效果,本文对泡沫复合驱应用方案进行了室内模拟评价,认为气液比是影响驱替效果最为重要的因素。随着气液比的下降,最终采出程度是下降的,气液交替周期对泡沫复合驱的影响非常明显。同时还进行了不同渗透率油层泡沫复合驱效果、泡沫复合驱和普通的三元复合驱油效果对比评价,认为相比于普通的ASP复合驱,泡沫复合驱技术具有明显的优势。这一试验对今后泡沫复合驱技术的进一步发展具有意义。     

辽宁红阳煤田控煤构造与深部煤炭资源潜力

针对辽宁红阳煤田局部采区浅部煤炭资源逐渐枯竭的问题,通过煤田构造发育规律和演化史研究、油气地震勘探资料解译、平衡剖面恢复等技术和方法,预测了该煤田深部及外围煤炭资源的赋存状况、远景勘探开发区及煤炭资源量。结果显示:煤田二区为正常背斜的控煤构造,-1500m以浅的煤炭资源储量为83148万t;煤田南部岳家堡背斜往南发育,徐往子勘探区东部存在一个低次序含煤向、背斜构造,可作为远景勘探区,估算-1500m以浅的煤炭资源量为1.85亿t。      

江苏黄珏油田戴南组储层结构及合理注采井距

通过对黄珏油田戴南组的孢粉组合、地球化学特征、岩石学特征和测井相等分析,认为戴南组是在亚热带温暖潮湿气候条件下的滨岸—滨浅湖环境中发育的三角洲沉积;戴南组早期受南部的物源影响,戴南组后期的主导物源为北西方向;砂体类型有分流河道、河口坝、席状砂体、溢岸砂体,但分流河道砂体是主要的有效储集体;戴南组的分流河道为曲流河,其河道砂体平均宽度:戴二段的为329m,戴一段的为207m;砂体呈孤立状、透镜状,其间被分流间湾的泥质沉积物分隔,是典型的迷宫式储层结构。油砂体沿分流河道砂体分布,且规模较小。计算表明,选择注采井距为100～300m,才能大幅度地改善开发效果。     

济阳坳陷临盘油区储层精细划分与对比

针对临盘油区沙三段-沙二下段主力含油层系开发中存在的问题,开展储层精细划分与对比工作。讨论了储层精细对比的原则和方法,强调了高分辨率层序地层学的等时对比。通过精细对比,建立了工区4种砂体对比模式。研究结果对于储层精细描述、高精度油藏地质模型的建立以及提高油田的开发效果和最终采收率具有重要意义。     

Three-dimensional reservoir architecture modeling by geostatistical techniques in BD block,Jinhu depression,northern Jiangsu Basin,China

To reduce or avoid some of the ambiguities in a heterogeneous reservoir, a fine three-dimensional model would be inevitably established with the application of geostatistical techniques. BD oilfield is a low-permeability fractured reservoir with many fracture types, which composes a multi-azimuthal fracture system, causing strong anisotropy and heterogeneity. Moreover, fracture provides not only accumulation space for oil and gas but also channels for migration of hydrocarbons and water dashing and thus plays a leading role in controlling BD reservoir production. With the continuous exploitation of oil in reservoir for more than 30 years, BD oilfield has currently stepped into high water cut stage, exposing many problems such as low oil recovery, poor exploitation stability, rapid oil production decline, and one-way water intrusion. Therefore, a detailed reservoir characterization, constructed to describe reservoir behavior under strong water drive in a well-developed fractured reservoir, is urgently needed. In this study, combined with three-dimensional geostatistical techniques, an accurate and efficient reservoir parameter model that occurs in a strong heterogeneous fractured reservoir has been constructed through stratigraphic correlation and sedimentary facies analysis. Hence, all the study presented above will be available for well location, remaining oil potential-tapping and oil recovery improvement during the later study work.     

Assessing the feasibility of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-enhanced oil recovery and storage in mature oil field: A case study from Cambay basin

The utilization of anthropogenic CO₂ for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) can significantly extend the production life of an oil field, and help in the reduction of atmospheric emission of anthropogenic CO₂ if sequestration is considered. This work summarizes the prospect of EOR and sequestration using CO₂ flooding from an Indian mature oil field at Cambay basin through numerical modelling, simulation and pressure study based on limited data provided by the operator. To get an insight into CO₂-EOR and safe storage process in this oil field, a conceptual sector model is developed and screening standard is proposed keeping in mind the major pay zone of the producing reservoir. To construct the geomodel, depth maps, well positions and coordinates, well data and well logs, perforation depths and distribution of petrophysical properties as well as fluid properties provided by the operator, has been considered. Based on the results from the present study, we identified that the reservoir has the potential for safe and economic geological sequestration of 15.04×10⁶ metric ton CO₂ in conjunction with a substantial increase in oil recovery of 10.4% of original oil in place. CO₂-EOR and storage in this mature field has a bright application prospect since the findings of the present work could be a better input to manage the reservoir productivity, and the pressure field for significant enhancement of oil recovery followed by safe storage.     

松辽盆地三肇地区油田储层裂缝及地应力特征

在大量裂缝发育特征的观察和统计工作基础上,结合油田开发动态和古构造发育史分析等,应用岩芯古地磁定向,差应变和波速各和异性等研究方法,结果认为三肇地区扶杨油层发育的裂缝走向以近东西向为主,多具高倾角,并可构成规模较大的主裂缝,其在油田注水开发中起着不可轻视的作用。分析表明,裂缝发育的密度与砂层的厚度成反比,与构造曲率成正比。区域最大水平主应力为北西西向,近东西向裂缝为油田最有效裂缝组系。     

密井网区井震结合进行沉积微相研究及储层预测方法探讨——以大庆杏树岗油田杏56区为例

随着中国油气田开发程度的逐步加深,有效预测井间砂体的分布已成为高效开采与提高采收率的核心问题。文中以大庆杏树岗油田杏56区块为例,尝试利用井、震有机结合的方法进行精细沉积微相展布的研究,对进入特高含水阶段的油田进行井间砂体的预测。在密测网地震层位追踪的前提下提取多种地震属性,以反距离加权平均法提取井点属性,并采用聚类方法对提取的井点地震属性和井点储层参数进行多元统计相关性分析,以确定聚类分析中使用的地震信息,进而建立多元一次方程,描述敏感地震信息与储层参数的桥梁,以便用井、震信息综合预测井间储层参数的变化,由此编制出目的层段的沉积微相平面展布图,并结合生产动态资料进行验证。其成果在实际生产中得到较好的验证。     

新120-侧平80井侧钻钻井实践

为探索裂缝型低渗透油田有效开发调整方式,减缓产量递减,提高最终采收率,采油九厂利用长关油水井,开展侧钻水平井试验,提高油田采油速度和剩余油动用程度,为低丰度低渗透裂缝型油田的后续调整提供技术依据。     

高温高盐高黏油藏缔合聚合物-表面活性剂二元驱技术

针对大港油田孔南地区高温、高盐、中低渗、稠油等制约化学驱提高采收率的瓶颈技术问题,以官109 1断块枣Ⅴ油组为目标油藏,在优选适合缔合聚合物和表面活性剂基础上,进行聚合物-表面活性剂二元驱技术室内实验和现场应用研究。通过室内实验优选,缔合聚合物AP P7和表面活性剂BHS 01二元体系溶液与常规体系相比,具有较好的耐温抗盐性,拓展了常规二元驱适用油藏的温度和矿化度范围;缔合聚合物经过岩心剪切后仍能够有效建立阻力系数和残余阻力系数;通过岩心驱替实验,体系能有效提高稠油油藏的采收率,拓宽了聚合物驱适用的原油黏度范围;矿场单井试注后,注入井注入压力和启动压力升高,纵向吸水剖面得到改善,说明该体系在高温高盐条件下仍能保持较高黏度,能够有效改善水油流度比,效果明显。     

扎那诺尔油田套管开窗侧钻定向井钻井技术

扎那诺尔油田为有效开发动用老井区储油和残余油,2358井成功地利用开窗侧钻井技术对老井进行改造,恢复和提高了单井产量,对今后该地区的老井套管开窗侧钻井施工提供了借鉴经验。     

不同储集层特征对注水开发效果的影响

通过对马王庙油田马36井区与王场油田潜四段沉积环境、岩性、孔隙结构、注水开发效果对比,分析认为两区沉积微相、岩性、物性及孔隙结构均存在一定差异。因此,马36井区注水开发效果与王场潜四段相比,在水线推进速度、含水上升规律、稳产时间、水驱采收率等方面存在较大差异。说明不同的储集层特征对注水开发效果影响较大,应对不同的储集层特征制定不同的开发方案。     

Application of an oil spill vulnerability index to the shoreline of lower Cook Inlet,Alaska

Offshore tracts in Alaska's lower Cook Inlet are scheduled to be opened for exploratory petroleum drilling in the near future. Because of the potential for oil spills resulting from this activity, a field study of the coastal zone was conducted in June 1976. A total of 1216 km of shoreline was classified into 3 types: erosional (45 percent), neutral (38 percent), and depositional (17 percent). These were further subdivided into 16 subclasses on the basis of small scale morphological features. This classification was used in conjunction with a vulnerability index of potential oil spill damage, developed through study of three major oil spills, to predict the longevity of oil in the different coastal environments of the Inlet. On a scale from 1 to 10, 45 percent of the shoreline has low values of 1 to 4, which means that oil would be dispersed by natural processes within less than six months after a spill on these coasts. Values from 4 to 6 were assigned to 13.4 percent of the shoreline, where oil residence time may be up to one year. A 6 to 10 rating was assigned to 41.5 percent of the shoreline, where oil contamination may remain for periods of two to ten years, or possibly longer should no major clean-up procedures be initiated. We propose that the use of this type of vulnerability indexing, in conjunction with a biological susceptibility index and oil spill trajectory models, would provide a rational basis for decision making concerning the location of on- and off-shore oil facilities and the design of oil spill contingency plans.     

特超稠油油藏水平井蒸汽驱油物理模拟实验

以胜利油田A区块特超稠油油藏为目标区块,自主研发了高温高压二维比例物理模型,研究了不同开发阶段水平井蒸汽驱油机理,开展了油藏压力、井底干 度、注汽强度对水平井蒸汽驱的效果影响的研究。物模实验结果显示,蒸汽驱整个过程分为三个阶段：存水回采期、汽驱受效期、蒸汽突破期。存水回采期蒸汽腔向水平方向扩展,以水平驱替方式为主 ;汽驱受效期蒸汽腔向垂向和水平方向扩展,以水平驱替方式为主,纵向泄油为辅;后期蒸汽突破,蒸汽腔继续向上方扩展,以纵向泄油为主,实现油层整体动用。5 MPa时转蒸汽驱的采出程度高于7 MPa时转蒸汽驱的采出程度;蒸汽驱的井底蒸汽干度应不低于0.4,蒸汽干度越高,水平井蒸汽驱的开发效果越好;注汽强度为1.9 t/(d·ha·m)时温度场最为发育。同时,在高压下提高干度可实现水 平井蒸汽驱的有效开发。以上的实验结果较好地指导了胜利油田A区块特超稠油油藏水平井蒸汽驱开发,取得了明显的开发效果,该研究对于类似稠油和超稠油油藏水平井蒸汽驱开发具有重要的指导意义 。     

鄂尔多斯盆地樊学油区长8砂岩裂缝平面展布及控制因素

裂缝发育程度及其平面展布是影响低孔特低渗储层有效、高效注水开发的关键。鄂尔多斯盆地樊学油区长8油藏及周边油藏投产油井存在砂岩裂缝发育区含水上升快、裂缝侧向油井水驱开发效率低等问题。本文基于岩心、声电成像测井资料标定常规测井资料,选取特征参数构建裂缝识别综合指数,实现樊学油区长8储层中砂岩裂缝的识别。依据识别结果绘制砂岩裂缝平面展布图,进而结合区域构造应力场及沉积特征分析裂缝发育的控制因素及其对生产开发的影响。研究表明,基底断裂中生代以来的重新活动控制了樊学油区裂缝的形成与展布,裂缝优势展布方位为北北西向和北东东向,砂岩裂缝的发育程度受区域构造应力场、砂体厚度以及岩层组合等因素影响。裂缝发育区油井具有初产高、产量递减快的特点,因此,在实际生产开发中,需要选择合适的注采井网,尽量采用大井距、小排距的方式提高驱油效率。上述认识为油藏开发部署提供一定的参考。     

原油粘度变化对水驱油开发动态影响的数学模拟方法

为了研究注水开发油田原油粘度升高对开发效果的影响, 通过对实际油藏原油粘度统计, 回归出了原油粘度增长模型.在三维三相黑油渗流模型的基础上, 建立了一个原油粘度随含水和压力变化的油藏渗流数学模型, 并采用有限差分方法建立了相应的数值模型, 采用超松弛法对该模型进行了求解, 用Fortran90语言开发了一个新的数值模拟器.应用该模拟器模拟了不同的原油粘度变化规律对水驱效果的影响, 并与常规模拟器的结果进行了对比.结果表明: 初始水油粘度比为1∶10、含水达到98%时, 粘度增长指数由0增加到0.02, 对应的原油采出程度由44.80%降低到34.29%.目前商业软件中忽略了原油粘度随含水升高而增加的因素, 使得预测的采收率明显偏高.