云南六合富碱斑岩中花岗岩包体锆石U-Pb定年

六合富碱斑岩群是滇西金沙江-哀牢山富碱侵入岩带的重要组成部分,前人研究认为富碱侵入岩的成岩物质来源与地幔源区有关,成岩过程和成岩后遭受地幔流体交代作用。本文通过对富碱斑岩中花岗岩包体的岩相学和锆石U-Pb同位素定年研究,初步揭示了地幔流体作用与花岗岩包体的关系,为该区带化学成分上更偏酸性的富碱侵入岩提供成因依据。     

西范坪铜矿成矿作用初步研究——兼论还原硫对斑岩铜矿成矿的制约

对西范坪斑岩铜矿的蚀变作用、流体包裹体特征等进行了研究,指出该矿床是由两期岩浆流体叠加作用所形成的.第一期热液作用形成了磁铁矿化和黑云母化,并形成了无矿石英脉;第二期热液形成了阳起石化;早晚两期热液的混合引起了钾长石化及强烈的矿化.由于第二期流体的叠加,将还原硫(H2S)带到浅部,并与第一期富铜的高盐度流体相混合,从而形成铜硫化物的沉淀.第二期富含还原硫流体的加入,是西范坪斑岩铜矿床形成的重要控制因素之一.     

富碱侵入岩与金成矿关系：云南省姚安金矿床 成矿流体形成演化的微量元素和同位素证据

以产在姚安富碱侵入岩体内外接触带上的姚安金矿床为对象，对成矿流体形成演化过程中的微量元素和S、C同位素地球化学进行了综合研究。研究结果表明，富碱侵入岩成岩过程中分异出的岩浆流体提供了姚安金矿床早期成矿作用所必需的成矿流体；从早期成矿阶段至晚期成矿,民矿流体经历了从以岩浆流体为主的流体体系至以大气降水为主的流体体系的转变。因此，钙碱性侵入岩成岩过程中可分异出成矿流体的过程，也存在于富碱浸入岩的成岩过程中。     

岩背花岗岩黑云母矿物化学研究及其对成矿意义的指示

对岩背火山-斑岩型锡矿含黄玉黑云母花岗岩和含黄玉花岗斑岩中黑云母矿物化学研究表明,含黄玉黑云母花岗岩中的黑云母属于富铁黑云母,含黄玉花岗斑岩中的黑云母属于铁叶云母。含黄玉花岗斑岩的成岩温度为720℃~730℃,logfO2为-15.5~-15.7;含黄玉黑云母花岗岩的成岩温度为510℃~550℃,logfO2为-19.2~-18.7。含黄玉花岗斑岩成岩温度、氧逸度高于含黄玉黑云母花岗岩成岩温度和氧逸度。与含黄玉花岗斑共存热液流体log(fH2O/fHCl)fluid值为4.29~4.99,与含黄玉黑云母花岗岩共存热液流体log(fH2O/fHCl)fluid值为3.15~3.67。因此,相对于含黄玉黑云母花岗岩,含黄玉花岗斑岩岩浆演化过程中分异出的流体富F和Sn,即岩背含黄玉花岗斑岩岩浆演化过程分异出的原始流体以富F和Sn为特征,结合有关岩背Sn矿成矿流体的研究结果,进一步揭示出岩背Sn矿成矿流体为岩背含黄玉花岗斑岩岩浆演化过程分异出的岩浆热液,相对于含黄玉黑云母花岗岩,含黄玉花岗斑岩与锡成矿关系更密切。     

赣北大湖塘钨矿成岩成矿物质来源的矿物学和同位素示踪研究

赣北大湖塘超大型钨矿位于九岭钨多金属矿集区东部。本文对大湖塘钨矿石门寺矿段矿物学特征进行了系统的研究,结合同位素示踪分析了成岩成矿物质来源。岩相学研究表明,石门寺矿段蚀变以黑云母化、云英岩化及碱交代(钾长石化、钠长石化)作用为主。黑云母化的过程中释放了一定量的挥发分,云英岩化和碱交代作用除萃取部分的成矿物质外,使岩体中的Ca2+大量活化迁移。晋宁晚期黑云母花岗闪长岩与燕山中期似斑状花岗岩、花岗斑岩矿物成分研究表明:(1)斜长石普遍富钠,似伟晶岩壳主晶为钾长石,客晶为钠长石;(2)黑云母具有富铁贫镁的特点,黑云母花岗闪长岩及似斑状花岗岩中的黑云母均为铁质黑云母,花岗斑岩中黑云母为铁叶云母。黑云母成分指示大湖塘石门寺矿段花岗岩类均为过铝质S型花岗岩,成岩物质均为壳源。石英氢、氧同位素及黑钨矿氧同位素研究表明成矿流体为岩浆水。黄铜矿、辉钼矿硫同位素表明成矿流体中硫来自于岩浆。结合前人研究成果,本文认为富钨的双桥山群浅变质岩在燕山中期发生了部分熔融,产生了高分异的富含钨元素及挥发分的岩浆,岩浆分异演化过程中形成的含矿热液使侵入体自身及围岩发生大规模的蚀变作用,进而在燕山中期侵入岩的内外接触带形成了大湖塘超大型钨多金属矿床。     

西范坪斑岩铜矿钾硅酸盐化作用的地球化学研究

西范坪铜矿是我国近年来新发现的斑岩型铜矿床。伴随铜矿化发生了强烈的钾硅酸盐化。蚀变作用使成矿主岩的 Si O2 ,K2 O增加 ,Ca O,Na2 O,Fe2 O3 减少 ;大离子亲石元素含量降低 ;L REE减少 ,L a N/ Yb N 比值升高 ,δEu值降低。通过研究认为 ,西范坪铜矿成矿母岩是富钠 (Na2 O>K2 O)斑岩 ,而不是富钾 (K2 O>Na2 O)岩石 ,这说明相对富钠的斑岩也能成矿。     

斑岩型铜矿床中铂族元素的研究现状与存在问题

铂族元素的研究在过去几十年取得了重要的进展.铂族元素可以赋存于不同的岩石类型中,形成于不同的时代.由于铂族元素具有特殊的化学性质,比较稳定且难熔于普通的酸、碱等,故铂族元素成矿具有特殊性.作为一种非常规铂族元素矿化类型,富铂族元素的斑岩型铜矿床的研究对研究铂族元素从地幔岩石圈转移进入花岗质岩石及随后从熔体进入流体并在硫化物中富集的机理,具有重要的研究意义.本文从斑岩型铜矿床中铂族元素的分布特征、矿化特征、铂族矿物特征、流体包裹体特征和富集成矿机理方面论述了斑岩型铜矿床中铂族元素的研究现状,并指出目前斑岩型铜矿床中铂族元素研究存在的主要问题,如影响斑岩型铜矿中铂族元素含量高低的影响因素不明确,富PGE斑岩型铜矿中流体包裹体研究不够系统,PGE的富集机理研究还欠深入,并指出今后我国斑岩型铜矿中PGE研究的重点,指出长江中下游地区一系列斑岩型铜矿床是我国斑岩铜矿中铂族元素研究的有利地区.     

中条山铜矿峪铜矿含矿岩系地球化学特征及矿床成因

中条山铜矿峪斑岩型铜矿床位于秦岭造山带北端,矿体主要赋存于变质花岗闪长斑岩、黑云母片岩和变质基性火山岩中。矿区内含铜岩系的全岩地球化学分析显示,主量元素表明矿区的含铜岩系均表现出富钾、富铝的特征;微量元素表明所有样品均显示出相对富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Ba等),亏损高场强元素(P、Y、Ti、Nb、Ta等),反映岩浆源区可能遭受过俯冲带流体的交代作用,具有岛弧玄武岩的地球化学特征;稀土元素特征显示出明显的轻重稀土分馏,轻稀土富集,所有样品都表现出弱的铕负异常。研究认为,变质花岗斑岩、黑云母片岩和绢英岩的原岩初步定为钙碱性玄武岩或拉斑玄武岩,铜矿峪铜矿床形成于挤压与拉张构造环境的转换阶段,其成因类型应属于斑岩型铜矿床。     

地幔流体在滇西富碱斑岩成岩成矿过程中的作用——地质年代学和同位素地球化学制约

滇西金沙江哀牢山断裂以东广泛发育富碱斑岩型多金属矿床,其富碱斑岩体中有多处产出深源岩石包体。对包体岩石和寄主富碱斑岩及其成矿石英脉的地质年代学研究显示,深源岩石包体的成岩年龄大于寄主富碱斑岩,而富碱斑岩的成岩与成矿是基本同时的。结合铅硅锶钕同位素地球化学研究表明,在富碱岩浆的成岩过程中,伴随富硅成矿流体对围岩和岩体的交代蚀变,并与地壳岩石一定程度混染而实现成矿作用。这种富硅成矿流体作用实质上是地幔流体作用在地壳中成矿作用的延续。据此,从地幔流体交代矿物的结晶年龄(116.0 Ma)到富硅成矿流体年龄(51.2 Ma),揭示地幔流体作用贯穿于富碱岩浆成岩成矿的全过程。正是这一地幔流体作用过程,导致Si、Al、Na、K及其它硅不相容元素和成矿元素富集,进而导致其Sr-Nd同位素特征由亏损地幔向富集地幔过渡,并引起从岩体→围岩对应、从高温→低温的系列成矿效应。也正是这种流体作用,构成滇西新生代广泛成矿的内在统一制约因素和大型-超大型矿床形成的重要地球化学背景。     

四川盐源西范坪斑岩铜矿富铜流体物理—化学特征和成因

西范坪斑岩铜矿成矿母岩为黑云母石英二长斑岩，其多相流体包裹体中普遍含有黄铜矿子矿物，成矿流体是一种富含铜的Ｈ２Ｏ－ＮａＣｌ体系，具有高温、高盐度和沸腾和特征，多相包裹体捕获的最小压力５１ＭＰａ左右，成矿流体水的氧同位素组成与典型岩浆水一致黄铁矿的Ｓ、Ｐｂ同位素表明成矿物质主要来自深源岩浆，所有些特点吻合于斑岩铜矿的正岩浆模式。多相流体包裹体发育的部位曾经是高盐度高矿质流体活动的地位，这种包裹体是一     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.