内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗查干敖包花岗岩体时代、成因及地质意义

内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗北部的查干敖包岩体可分解为灰黄色细粒花岗岩单元和灰黄色中细粒似斑状含二云母花岗岩单元。前者锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为(306.4±2)Ma,为晚石炭世岩浆活动产物,后者锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为(278.3±2)Ma,为早二叠世岩浆活动产物。两期花岗岩具有相似的地球化学特征,主量元素均具有富Si,贫Ti、Mg、Ca,且有较高的碱/铝(NK/A)比值等特征;均表现出明显的负Eu异常;微量元素富集Rb、Th、U、K,弱富集P、Zr及Hf,强烈亏损Ba、Sr及Ti。通过分析讨论,认为晚石炭世晚期细粒花岗岩单元和早二叠世中细粒似斑状花岗岩单元的成因类型均为I-S过渡型钙碱性花岗岩。岩石化学、岩体产状、分布特点和源岩特征都表明,查干敖包岩体晚石炭世晚期和早二叠世花岗岩构造背景环境一致,均为晚古生代中亚造山大地构造背景下碰撞后转换期构造—岩浆事件产物。     

内蒙古东部央格力雅山中酸性岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

内蒙古东部央格力雅山岩体岩性为正长花岗岩、二长花岗岩和英云闪长岩。正长花岗岩U-Pb年龄为130.4±1.1Ma,英云闪长岩U-Pb年龄为126.6±3.0Ma、二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为131.6±1.1Ma和130.7±1.5Ma,显示岩体侵位时间为早白垩世。地球化学研究表明,该花岗岩体具有富硅、富碱、贫钙的特征,属准铝质-过铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石;稀土元素总量较低、轻重稀土元素分馏明显,(La/Nb)N值在9.14～24.86之间、正Eu异常显著(δEu值为1.03～1.53);微量元素K、La、Sr、Gd等明显富集,Nb、Pr、P、Ti等亏损;大离子亲石元素相对高场强元素富集。岩石分异指数平均为80.63,岩石成因类型属高分异I型花岗岩,岩浆来源于下地壳岩石的部分熔融,形成于伸展环境,与古太平洋板块俯冲作用密切相关。     

新疆西准噶尔塔尔根一带花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

新疆西准噶尔达尔布特构造-岩浆带分布大量的中酸性侵入体,其成因类型和侵位期次对于认识区域岩浆演化具有重要意义。通过对玛依勒山北段塔尔根一带的岩体进行野外地质调查,并结合LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学及岩石地球化学分析,确定其形成时代、岩石成因及形成的构造环境。塔尔根一带岩体主要由正长花岗岩和二长花岗岩组成,正长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为296.6±2.0Ma(n=27,MSWD=0.33),属早二叠世早期。岩石地球化学研究表明,其具有高硅、富碱、低钛和铝、贫钙镁,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、K及高场强元素Zr、Hf,强烈亏损Sr、Eu、P、Ti,中等亏损Ba、Nb、Ta等元素,104Ga/Al值及Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量较高的特征,属碱性准铝质-弱过铝质A型花岗岩,为低压高温条件下长英质地壳物质部分熔融的产物。综合区域构造演化并结合前人认识可知,西准噶尔地区在晚石炭世—早二叠世仍处于俯冲体系,很可能与晚石炭世洋脊俯冲作用有关。     

北山南带卧虎山早二叠世正长花岗岩地球化学、年代学特征及构造环境

卧虎山早二叠世正长花岗岩位于北山南带晚古生代陆内裂谷,通过岩石地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究,结果表明：岩石化学参数碱性值为0. 74 ～ 0. 77,属于钙碱性花岗岩,具A型花岗岩特征;岩石长英指数（FL）和镁铁指数（MF）同分异指数DI与固结指数SI均反映花岗岩分离结晶程度高;微量元素富集 Rb、K、Ba、La 等大离子亲石元素,Ba、Sr、P、Ti亏损明显;稀土元素配分曲线右倾,存在显著的负Eu异常;LA－ICP－MS 锆石 U－Pb 定年结果表明岩体成岩年龄为（289. 8 ± 2. 7）Ma,时代为早二叠世。构造环境判别显示其形成于拉伸、地壳减薄的板内裂谷环境,源岩可能是地幔岩浆底侵加热下地壳岩石熔融的产物。结合区域地质背景,认为该侵入岩是壳幔混合成因的,形成于早二叠世后碰撞伸展体制,反映北山南带于早二叠世晚期进入后碰撞裂谷伸展发育阶段。     

南阿尔金玉苏普阿勒克塔格花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

玉苏普阿勒克塔格岩体是南阿尔金出露面积较大的花岗岩体之一.为了查明该岩体的成因与形成的构造环境,探讨南阿尔金地区的岩浆演化过程,对该岩体进行了岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学方面的研究.研究结果表明玉苏普阿勒克塔格岩体主要由中粗粒似斑状黑云二长花岗岩及中细粒含斑黑云二长花岗岩组成.本次研究获得中粗粒似斑状黑云二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为442~448 Ma,中细粒含斑黑云二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为423~430 Ma.岩石地球化学显示,早期花岗岩具有准铝质特征（A/CNK=0.97）,晚期花岗岩具有弱过铝质特征（A/CNK=1.04）.两期花岗岩均属于高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩,轻稀土富集重稀土亏损,具有Eu的弱负异常.两期花岗岩都富集Rb、Th、K等元素,亏损Ba、P、Sr、Ti等元素.根据两期花岗岩的形成时代,结合区域地质背景认为玉苏普阿勒克塔格岩体形成于活动大陆边缘环境,是早古生代南阿尔金洋向北俯冲碰撞,在构造体制转换阶段幔源岩浆上涌新生地壳发生部分熔融形成.      

黑龙江完达山地区358高地岩金矿床花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

选取黑龙江省完达山地区358高地与成矿关系密切的花岗斑岩,进行系统的地质、岩相学、元素地球化学及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年研究。结果显示:花岗斑岩具有富硅、钠、钾、铝,贫镁、钙的特征,里特曼指数(σ)为1.12~2.00(σ3.3),A/NK为1.36~2.00,A/CNK为1.11~1.93(A/CNK1.1);富集大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta,严重亏损Sr、P、Ti;轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,具有负Eu异常。这些特征揭示,花岗斑岩是过铝质的S型花岗岩,岩浆来源可能为壳源。LA-ICP-MS锆石定年获得花岗斑岩的成岩年龄为128±1Ma,推断金矿成矿时代应为早白垩世晚期。构造判别图解显示,花岗斑岩具有碰撞后花岗岩的特征,斑岩体的形成很可能与太平洋板块俯冲作用后的伸展体制有密切关系。     

新疆北山盐滩一带侵入岩地球化学特征、时代及地质意义

提要：本文对新疆北山盐滩一带的侵入岩进行了系统的岩石学、岩石地球化学及锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究。该区侵入岩主要包括闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩、中细粒花岗岩和花岗斑岩,属高钾钙碱性系列和钙碱性系列。稀土元素特征表现为轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,以及较强的负Eu异常;微量元素表现为富集Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素,而Sr、Nb、Ta等明显亏损。本研究采用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,测得闪长岩和中细粒花岗岩年龄分别为(296±4.1) Ma、(294±3.7) Ma,两者在误差范围内一致,表明其形成时代为早二叠世早期。分析认为该区侵入岩为幔源物质底侵形成的I型花岗岩类,岩石形成于北山裂谷闭合之后的后碰撞构造环境。由此认为北山裂谷在该区的闭合作用在早二叠世早期已经结束。     

伊春地区青岭经营所晚二叠世花岗岩的发现及地质意义

伊春市青岭经营所花岗岩具有高硅、富碱和过铝质特点,稀土元素配分模式以轻稀土元素富集且缓向右倾斜、重稀土元素较为平坦、铕略亏损-弱正异常型式,微量元素大离子亲石元素Ba、K、Sr显示为负异常,高场强元素Hf、Zr为正异常,P、Ti、Nb为负异常,岩石地球化学显示S型花岗岩特点。R1-R2图解中样品落入造山晚期,具后碰撞花岗岩特征。中细粒花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb同位素测年206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为258±3 Ma,细中粒二长花岗岩两个样品锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为261±1 Ma、267.3±1.4 Ma,三个样品测年表明花岗岩形成于晚二叠世。该花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄的确定和成因的探讨对于深入研究伊春地区晚古生代构造岩浆演化具有十分重要的意义。     

内蒙古哈珠地区晚古生代花岗岩类成因及其构造意义

系统研究了北山造山带北部哈珠地区花岗岩类的年代学、地球化学和锆石Hf同位素特征,并据此探讨了岩体的成因及其对晚古生代构造岩浆演化的制约.锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb测年结果显示花岗闪长岩（298.6±1.7 Ma）和二长花岗岩（306.0±1.3 Ma）、碱长花岗岩（289.3±1.3 Ma）分别为晚石炭世晚期、早二叠世岩浆活动的产物.花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩化学组成上表现为中钾钙碱性、Mg#值较低,分异程度中等（D.I.=79.2~86.9）,属准铝质、镁质岩石;碱长花岗岩则表现高硅、富碱、准铝,贫钙、镁、铁,分异程度高（D.I.=94.4~96.5）.三者均富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、La、Ce等,不同程度亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti、Sr、Eu.花岗闪长岩、碱长花岗岩样品的ε_Hf（t）均为正值,T_DMC主要集中于450~800 Ma.本文和最近获得的数据表明,俯冲板块脱水交代新生下地壳,并诱发新生地壳的部分熔融,形成晚石炭世花岗岩类;早二叠世由于后碰撞伸展作用导致岩石圈拉伸减薄,促使新生地壳部分熔融,再经高程度的分异演化形成本文碱长花岗岩.      

内蒙古沙麦钨矿花岗岩岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

沙麦钨矿床位于内蒙古东乌旗地区,是该区目前已探明的中型岩浆热液型钨矿床。矿体主要赋存在黑云母二长花岗岩和黑云母二长花岗斑岩中,对这两种花岗质岩石的岩相学、岩石地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学进行了研究。结果表明,黑云母二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为135.6±1.6 Ma和136.3±1.8 Ma,黑云母二长花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄为138.6±1.1 Ma,二者侵位时间均为早白垩世。两种花岗质岩体具有富SiO₂(73.73%～78.23%)、高钾钠(Na₂O+K₂O)(7.56%～8.89%)、贫MgO(0.09%～0.20%)、贫CaO(0.51%～0.89%)、贫TiO₂(0.03%～0.12%)的特征,属于过铝质-高钾钙碱性系列;微量元素富集Rb、K、Th和U,相对亏损Sr、Ba、Nb、P和Ti元素,具有强烈的Eu负异常,具有较高的FeO^T含量,较高的FeO^T/MgO和FeO^T/(FeO^T+M...     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the