云南建水县长岭岗岩体包体特征与岩浆作用

云南建水县长岭岗岩体由碱长正长岩、霞石正长岩(广义的)构成。霞石正长岩(广义的)可进一步划分为黑云霞石正长岩、霓辉霞石正长岩、黑榴霞石正长岩、霞石正长岩。岩石中之包体划分为残余包体、残浆包体、深源捕虏体、浅源捕虏体。岩浆的形成与演化过程中,分离结晶作用明显,混合或混染作用较强。该侵入体的就位机制,很可能属被动就位中的岩墙扩张。在就位过程中有类似热气球膨胀的地质作用。     

火成岩中的麻粒岩相捕虏体研究新进展及其对认识地壳生长与演化的意义

火成岩中的麻粒岩相捕虏体主要分为基性熔体捕虏体，酸性变质火成岩捕虏体与变质沉积岩捕虏体。麻粒岩相捕虏体的锆石离子探针年龄与上地壳花岗岩的侵位年龄，造山运动时代基本一致。基性熔体的下垫作用是地壳生长的一种重要方式，并且代表了一种有效的幔向壳的物质与能量迁移。地下壳部分熔与麻粒岩相变质作用是壳内分异的重要途径。     

河南桐柏围山城地区煌斑岩类岩石化学和地球化学特征

前言秦岭东段豫南桐柏北部,相当于加里东期的一套中压变质相系变质岩石(326—410百万年)中,有一系列燕山晚期(130—134百万年)的煌斑岩脉群分布,其中既有钙碱性煌斑岩(云煌岩、云斜煌岩、闪斜煌斑岩和云闪正煌岩),也有碱性煌斑岩(斜闪煌斑岩、碱闪煌斑岩和碱煌岩)。这两类煌斑岩不但共生在一起,而且成分上是过渡的。不仅如此,甚至有些煌斑岩还通过半煌斑岩与正长岩类相过渡。这表明钙碱性煌斑岩和碱性煌斑岩以及正长岩类之间在形成上可能是密切相关的,或者都是由相同的同种岩桨在不同的条件下派生形成的。这由它们自身的主要化学成分和微量元素成分特征可以清楚的表现出来。并且煌斑岩和正长岩类侵入体中有相同的混合花岗岩捕虏体和石英捕虏晶,这表明二者都曾有过同化混染作用。     

下地壳捕虏体的分布与成分

下地壳捕虏体是研究深部地壳成分的依据，是提供深部地壳的重要信息源，因此对下地壳捕虏体不断地进行深入的研究。     

华北陆块南缘富碱侵入岩岩石组合及时空分布

华北陆块南缘出露的富碱侵入岩集中分布于卢氏－确山一。岩石类型主要分为三大类：（１）碱性岩类，即含有似长石或碱性暗色矿物的正长岩类；（２）碱性花岗岩类，包括钠铁闪石花岗岩以及孪生的钾长花岗岩类；（３）石英正长岩类；包括碱性长石来主的石英正长岩，英碱正长岩和花岗正长岩类。     

辽西中生代晚期岩石圈地幔的性质:来自玄武岩和地幔捕虏体的证据

辽西中生代玄武岩中幔源气榄岩捕虏体的岩石学、矿物学和地球化学研究表明，中生代岩石圈地幔是由古老富集型的岩石圈地幔和新增生的岩石圈地幔所组成。前者以角闪尖晶二辉橄榄岩为代表，它经历了富钠质的地幔交代作用。橄榄岩类捕虏体富含轻稀土元素，并具有较高的ω(^87Sr)/ω(^86Sr)比值；后者以二辉石岩为代表，具典型堆积结构，与本区尖晶石二辉橄榄岩相比，具有较高的稀土元素丰度。在矿物成分和稀土元素丰度上，本区辉石岩捕虏体类似于中国东部新生代玄武岩中幔源辉石岩捕虏体，这意味着辉石岩捕虏体可能是上地幔中更早期的岩浆堆积体。     

下地壳捕虏体的分布与成分

下地壳捕虏体是研究深部地壳成分的依据，是提供深部地壳的重要信息源．因此对下地壳捕虏体不断地进行深入的研究．     

湖北观子山硬玉钙霞正长岩初步研究

观子山侵入体从岩体中心到边部，由硬玉钙霞正长岩、硬玉正长岩和黑云角闪正长岩组成。本文着重讨论硬玉钙霞正长岩的岩石学、矿物学、岩石化学、REE的地球化学、时代及岩石成因。据Rb-Sr等时线测定，其年令值为306Ma，说明它形成于海西期。根据产状、FeO/MgO,^δSr/^δSr（i）、REE分配模式以及形成硬玉的压力温度条件，足以证明硬玉钙霞正长岩的成因与上地幔物质有关。     

岚皋金云角闪辉石岩类捕虏体特征

陕西岚皋地区碱质基性超基性潜火山杂岩中的金云角闪辉石岩类捕虏体，主要由透辉石、富钛韭闪石、高Ｔｉ金云母、磷灰石及钛铁矿组成。捕虏体发育三联晶、碎裂边、扭折变形等固相线下变形变质结构，与正常地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩成分相比，捕虏体富ＴｉＯ２、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＣａＯ、Ｎａ２Ｏ、Ｋ２Ｏ，贫ＭｇＯ；其稀土元素具富集特征，尤其富集ＬＲＥＥ；微量元素配分型式显示富亲石不相容元素的特征。岩相学、矿物学及岩石化学特征表明，该类捕虏体为交代地幔捕虏体，它代表了北大巴山早古生代裂谷作用时期的异常地幔。交代营力可能源于地幔热柱的上升，在地幔深处可能以熔体交代作用为主，往上逐渐以流体交代作用为主     

俄罗斯喻里顿诺沃岩体碱性和过碱性正长岩—花岗岩系的成因

巨大的蒙古－外贝加尔晚古生代碱性正长岩，花岗岩岩区呈ＮＥＥ－ＳＷＷ展布，长约２００ｋｍ，包括３５０多个岩体。哈里顿诺活岩体位于岩区中段，面积约２３０ｋｍ６２，上Ａ型花岗岩类组成，包括依次生成的碱性正长岩－花岗岩系列和过碱性正长岩－花岗岩系列。其中正长岩均多于花岗岩，两个系列的岩石都以含大量中条纹长石和几乎不含斜长石为特征。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.