云南省西畴县嘎机铜铅锌多金属矿床矿化特征

云南省西畴县嘎机矿区位于燕山期老君山多金属成矿域北缘,近年的地质普查发现较好矿化信息,已探获铜铅锌资源储量可达中型,具大型矿床潜力。地质勘探结果表明,该矿床矿物组成复杂,围岩蚀变以硅化和矽卡岩化为主,矿区深部存在燕山期隐伏花岗岩,其外接触带存在较好钨、锡、钼等矿化,从矿区浅部到深部,存在低温成矿元素(Pb-Zn-Cu)→高温成矿元素(W-Sn-Mo-Cu)的垂向分带。通过对该矿床地质特征的总结,本文认为嘎机铜铅锌多金属矿床成矿作用与加里东期花岗岩无关,为燕山晚期老君山花岗岩有关多金属成矿事件的产物,其成矿物质和流体应主要来源于深部燕山期隐伏岩体,矿床成因属于岩浆期后热液型矿床。围岩蚀变晕、矿化组合类型分带、物化探综合信息探测方法和工程验证与普查评价的结合,是该区隐伏铜铅锌多金属矿床地质勘查的有效手段。     

湖南锡田矿田花岗岩时空分布与钨锡成矿关系:来自锆石U-Pb年代学与岩石地球化学的约束

锡田钨锡多金属矿田位于南岭成矿带中段,发育多期次岩浆活动与钨锡成矿. 为了厘清花岗岩与钨锡成矿的时空关系,采用野外调查、显微鉴定、锆石U-Pb同位素定年与岩石地球化学的方法对矿田内多期次花岗岩岩体（脉）的空间分布、岩石类型、成岩时代、地球化学组成等进行了研究. 结果表明,锡田矿田发生了三期岩浆事件,分别为加里东期（435~441 Ma）、印支期（220~230 Ma）、燕山期（141~160 Ma）;三期花岗岩普遍富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、U、Th等,亏损Ti、P、Sr、Ba等微量元素,具明显的负Eu异常,其中加里东期花岗岩与印支期花岗岩为S型花岗岩,而燕山期花岗岩为A型花岗岩;不同时期花岗岩中的成矿元素从加里东期→印支期→燕山期逐渐升高,特别是W、Sn元素在燕山期白云母与二云母花岗岩中最为富集,这与华南地区燕山期钨锡大爆发的时间是一致的;印支期岩体接触带发育少量矽卡岩型Fe-Cu-W多金属矿床,燕山期岩体接触带也发育矽卡岩型W-Sn多金属矿床,并在附近陡倾的张裂隙中发育多个中大型石英脉型W-Sn矿床,而加里东期岩体附近尚未发现钨锡矿化. 因此,锡田矿田的多期次花岗岩与钨锡多金属成矿是时空耦合的,且成矿以燕山期矽卡岩型与石英脉型钨锡矿为主.      

云南省马关县都龙花石头矿区钨锡矿化特征与成矿远景

滇东南老君山成矿区是滇东南—桂西锡多金属成矿带的重要组成部分之一。花石头位于老君山花岗岩体西南侧,老君山燕山两期花岗岩均有出露,锡钨石英脉型矿床(点)众多,但相关地质研究程度较低。该区矿化类型包括蚀变花岗岩型钨锡矿化、接触蚀变带铜钨锡矿化、强硅化带中铜铅锌多金属矿化等。围岩蚀变以云英岩化为主,其次包括硅化、钾长石-高岭土化和黄铁矿化等。结合近期地质勘探所揭露的新信息,本文对该区锡钨成矿地质特征进行了初步总结,提出该区钨锡成矿作用与燕山晚期老君山中酸性岩浆侵入活动(以第2期为主)密切,属于岩浆期后热液充填交代形成的锡钨石英脉型矿床。燕山晚期中酸性岩体,特别是第2期中细粒二云二长花岗岩对成矿作用是主要的控矿因素。其中,2期岩体接触带、岩体与围岩内外接触带是有利成矿部位。在此基础上,建立了花石头矿区钨锡岩浆期后热液成矿模式。     

南岭成矿带中、东段的第二找矿空间——来自同位素年代学的证据

辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素年代学研究表明,南岭东段赣南地区的庵家滩钨矿床的成矿年龄为156Ma,园岭寨钼矿床的成矿年龄为160Ma。已有同位素年代学数据的统计显示,南岭成矿带的中、东段中生代的成矿作用可划分为3期7个阶段:即印支期的～225Ma左右和～195Ma左右,燕山早期的170～160Ma、160～150Ma和150～145Ma,燕山晚期的～135Ma和～100Ma。在3期成矿作用中,燕山早期的成矿作用最为强烈,也是南岭成矿带中、东段的钨锡矿床主要成矿期,矿床类型丰富多样,既有独立的钨锡多金属矿床,也有独立的锡矿床;既有铜、铅、锌多金属矿床,也有独立的钼矿床、金矿床等。同位素年代学及其新的找矿进展表明,从横向上,该区域可能存在的未被发现或重视的矿产种类;在纵向上,讨论了已知矿床深部的成矿潜力,为开展南岭中、东段地区的第二空间的地质找矿提供了理论证据。     

华南地区三叠纪矿床地质特征、成矿规律和矿床模型

华南以中生代成矿大爆发为特征,燕山期矿床成矿规律的研究程度较高,近年来发现越来越多的三叠纪矿床,但三叠纪矿床的分布规律和矿床模型是值得关注的重要科学问题。本文基于最新研究成果,论述华南三叠纪矿床地质特征和矿床类型,提出成矿规律,初步地建立成矿动力学模型。华南地区三叠纪矿床分布较为广泛,目前确定的46个三叠纪矿床分布于5个区带,形成于晚三叠世 (230~200 Ma),被划分为花岗岩有关的钨锡多金属矿床、侵入岩有关的远端金锑矿床、卡林型金矿床和MVT型铅锌矿床4种主要类型。在空间上,华南三叠纪矿床存在成矿元素分带性,由西向东依次为MVT型铅锌矿床、卡林型金矿床、侵入岩有关的远端金锑矿床、花岗岩有关的钨锡多金属矿床。华南5个成矿区带普遍存在印支期和燕山期的叠加成矿作用,在南岭西段桂北苗儿山—越城岭和滇东南老君山地区还发育加里东和印支期的叠加成矿作用。     

都龙锡锌多金属矿床LA-MC-ICPMS锡石U-Pb测年及其意义

云南都龙锡锌多金属矿床是我国最大的锡石硫化物矿床之一。缺乏精确可靠的成矿年代学判据,是该矿床成因认识存在较大分歧的重要原因之一,严重制约了地质勘探工作的深入。本文应用LA-MC-ICP-MS微区原位U-Pb同位素测年技术,对都龙矿区曼家寨矿段的锡石样品进行了研究,获得DL12-716、DL12-722、DL12-740等三件样品的206Pb/207Pb-238U/207Pb等时线年龄分别为89.2±4.1Ma(N=22,MSWD=4.5)、88.0±1.6Ma(N=24,MSWD=2.3)和87.2±3.9Ma(N=31,MSWD=14),207Pb/206Pb-238U/206Pb谐和年龄分别为96.6±3.5Ma(MSWD=8.1)、93.6±1.6Ma(MSWD=5.8)和82.0±2.5Ma(MSWD=11)。结合矿床地质特征和前人成岩-成矿年代学成果,表明都龙矿区锡成矿作用主要发生在晚白垩纪,与燕山晚期岩浆热液活动关系密切,结合地质事实,表明燕山晚期岩浆热液活动是老君山矿集区锡钨多金属成矿的关键。通过区域地质及年代学对比,表明滇东南地区晚白垩世存在大规模花岗岩成岩-锡成矿事件。     

滇东南老君山矿集区马卡钨铍稀有金属矿床花岗岩年代学归属

滇东南地区处于扬子板块和华夏板块交汇处,该区地质活动频繁、成矿条件优越,分布有个旧岩体、薄竹山岩体、老君山岩体,并伴随形成了以个旧锡矿床、白牛厂银多金属矿床、都龙锡锌矿床为代表的大型-超大型矿床,构成了我国重要的滇东南钨锡多金属成矿带。马卡钨铍多金属矿床分布于老君山岩体北缘,位于重要的滇东南成矿带上,该矿床与区内的马卡花岗岩成因上具有密切联系。本文通过对马卡花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年代学开展了系统研究,探讨了该花岗岩的形成年龄、物质来源等。结果显示,马卡花岗岩年龄位于400～415 Ma之间,表明其形成于加里东期,应归属于加里东期的南温河系列花岗岩系列,而不是燕山期老君山花岗岩的组成部分。马卡花岗岩具有高硅(w（SiO₂）=72.47%～74.63%)、高碱(w（Na₂O+K₂O）=7.02%～7.79%)、高钾(w（K₂O）>w（Na₂O）)、强过铝质(I_A/I_CNK>1.11)等特征,Y、Th与Rb演...     

胶东邢家山钼钨矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年及其地质意义

邢家山矿床是胶东地区一特大型矽卡岩-斑岩型钼钨矿床,构造位置上处于华北板块东南缘与扬子板块对接地带,在成因上与幸福山似斑状含角闪二长花岗岩密切相关,归属于该区与燕山早期花岗质岩浆作用有关的特大型、大型和中型铜钼多金属矿床成矿系列。本文对该矿床透辉石榴矽卡岩中的辉钼矿进行了Re-Os同位素测年,结果显示,辉钼矿Re-Os同位素模式年龄范围为156.91±1.78Ma至160.70±1.66Ma,加权平均值为158.91±1.91Ma,对应的Re-Os等时线年龄为158.70±2.06Ma;这些年龄数据与区域上的燕山早期花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄(158.53±0.79Ma)相近,指示区域上该期铜钼多金属矿化与区内花岗岩具有密切的时间和成因关系。中、晚侏罗世华北东部广泛的地壳增厚作用和地壳重熔导致的大规模地壳重熔型花岗质岩浆活动为该区钼钨多金属矿成矿提供了主要成矿物质和流体。结合已有的研究成果,认为胶东地区中生代以来岩浆活动及相应的成矿作用可能主要存在4期,即:约165～155Ma的铜钼多金属矿化期、约137～110Ma的金矿化期、约120～110Ma的铜钼铅锌多金属矿化期、和约100～75Ma的金银铅锌多金属矿化期,分别对应于燕山早期-燕山晚期的各期次花岗质岩浆活动。     

福建漳平北坑场钼多金属矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

福建漳平钼多金属矿床位于闽西南晚古生代坳陷东缘。中生代以来,闽西南坳陷经历了强烈的构造岩浆作用的改造,并伴随多期次成矿作用的发生。已有同位素年代学研究成果表明该区存在早侏罗世、中侏罗世以及早白垩世成矿作用,但缺少与晚侏罗世大规模岩浆作用相关的成矿年代学记录。本文选取漳平北坑场钼多金属矿床开展辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素年代学研究。根据Re-Os同位素测年结果,结合矿床围岩蚀变及矿化特征以及与岩体的相互关系,指出钼矿化的形成经历了多个成矿阶段,其中小规模的矿化发生在148.8±2.2Ma。主矿化阶段形成的矿床以细脉或网脉状赋存于下二叠统翠屏山组石英细砂岩中,其等时线年龄为139.8±2.3～143.7±2.1Ma,为晚侏罗世—早白垩世成矿。成矿物质主要来源于特提斯向环太平洋构造域转换后闽西南地区晚侏罗世—早白垩世壳源花岗岩浆。     

云南都龙超大型锡锌多金属矿床中闪锌矿微量及稀土元素地球化学特征

云南马关都龙锡锌多金属矿床位于滇东南老君山锡锌钨多金属成矿区南部,是我国三大锡石硫化物矿床之一,目前对其矿床成因认识存在较大分歧。本文采用ICP-MS对都龙矿床中闪锌矿微量元素及稀土元素组成进行分析,以探讨该矿床成矿作用,为甄别已有成因观点提供证据。结果表明,矿床中闪锌矿以富集Fe、Mn、In、Co、Sn和贫Cd、Ga、Ge、Ni等元素为特征,成矿温度属于中—高温,其微量元素组成与白牛厂矿床(与燕山晚期花岗岩有关的矽卡岩型矿床)中的闪锌矿非常相似,和远源矽卡岩型铅锌矿床(核桃坪和芦子园)中闪锌矿存在一定差异,明显有别于喷流沉积型铅锌矿床(云南澜沧老厂和广东大宝山)中闪锌矿。此外,该矿床闪锌矿稀土配分模式多为轻稀土元素富集中等的向右倾斜曲线,以LREE/HREE值高、Eu负异常明显和Ce异常不明显为特征,与矿区燕山晚期隐伏花岗岩稀土元素特征基本一致,成矿物质来源以矿区燕山晚期隐伏花岗岩为主。结合近期矿山开采和地质勘探所揭露的矿化和矽卡岩蚀变的垂向分带等矿床地质特征,认为云南马关都龙锡锌多金属矿床属于与燕山晚期花岗岩有关的矽卡岩型多金属矿床,其中层状矽卡岩的形成应为成矿流体顺层交代的结果,矿化类型和围岩蚀变的分带与隐伏岩体的距离有关。     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Rb-Sr, K-Ar, H-and O-Isotope systematics of the Middle Riphean shales from the Debengda Formation, the Olenek Uplift, North Sibera

Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ¹⁸O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

Delivery of Trace Metals (Al,Fe, Mn,V, Co,Ni, Cu,Cd, Ag,Pb) from the Trinity River Watershed Towards the Ocean

The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.     

山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义

在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。     

Composition,formation conditions,and genesis of the Talatui gold deposit,the Eastern Transbaikal Region,Russia

The mineral composition of the Talatui gold deposit has been studied with modern methods. Previously unknown minerals (ilmenite, siegenite, glaucodot, wittichenite, matildite, hessite, pilsenite, zircon, tremolite, cummingtonite, hercynite, and goethite) have been identified in the ore. A high Re content has been detected in molybdenite. The spatiotemporal separation of Au and Ag is caused by different mineral species of these elements and their diachronous precipitation during the ore-forming process. Gold crystallized along with early mineral assemblages, beginning from virtually pure gold (the fineness is 996). Silver precipitated largely at the end of the process as hessite (Ag₂Te) and matildite (AgBiS₂). The temperature of ore deposition varied from 610 to 145°C, the pressure was 3370–110 bar, and the salt concentration ranged from 56.3 to 0.4 wt % NaCl equiv. The heterogeneous state (boiling) of fluid at the early stages has been documented. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the fluid testify to its magmatic nature and the participation of meteoric water at late stages in the ore-forming process. Thermodynamic modeling reproduces the main specific features of ore formation, including separation of Au and Ag. A physicochemical model of the gold mineralization in the Darasun ore district has been proposed. On the basis of several attributes, the Talatui deposit has been referred to the prophyry gold-copper economic type.     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...