青藏高原盐湖铷铯资源现状、富集规律与提取技术

铷、铯是重要矿产资源,在航天、通讯、能源、医药、化学和电子设备等领域有着广泛用途。青藏高原盐湖铷铯资源主要分布于柴达木盆地和羌塘地块、拉萨地块的盆地,盐湖的铷铯资源主要来自于泉水和河水的补给。羌塘地块、拉萨地块的铷铯主要来自印度板块。笔者等收集了85个青藏高原盐湖铷铯含量和资源量数据,铷含量较高的盐湖有扎布耶和麻米错等,铯含量较高的盐湖有聂尔错和扎西错等。青藏高原盐湖氧化铷资源量共47.50 kt,为大型铷矿床规模的23.73倍;达到详查程度的资源量共37.40 kt。盐湖氧化铯资源量共28.53 kt,为大型铯矿床规模的14.265倍;达到详查程度的资源量共27.10 kt。85个盐湖中氧化铷的资源量达到大型矿床要求的盐湖有5个,达到中型矿床要求的盐湖有4个。氧化铯资源量达到大型矿床要求的盐湖有2个,达到中型矿床要求的盐湖有2个。盐湖铷铯在蒸发过程中基本处于浓缩阶段,残卤中铷铯浓度很高,扎布耶盐湖湖水蒸发残卤中铷、铯质量分数最高为0.496‰和0.372‰,拉果错残卤中铷、铯最高为0.84‰和1.76‰,麻米错残卤中铷、铯最高为0.224‰和0.297‰,这有利于铷铯的开发利用。目前,从盐湖卤水中提取铷、铯的方法以溶剂萃取法方法最具有应用前景。     

青藏高原盐湖铷铯资源现状、富集规律与提取技术

铷、铯是重要矿产资源,在航天、通讯、能源、医药、化学和电子设备等领域有着广泛用途。青藏高原盐湖铷铯资源主要分布于柴达木盆地和羌塘地块、拉萨地块的盆地,盐湖的铷铯资源主要来自于泉水和河水的补给。羌塘地块、拉萨地块的铷铯主要来自印度板块。笔者等收集了85个青藏高原盐湖铷铯含量和资源量数据,铷含量较高的盐湖有扎布耶和麻米错等,铯含量较高的盐湖有聂尔错和扎西错等。青藏高原盐湖氧化铷资源量共47.50 kt,为大型铷矿床规模的23.73倍;达到详查程度的资源量共37.40 kt。盐湖氧化铯资源量共28.53 kt,为大型铯矿床规模的14.265倍;达到详查程度的资源量共27.10 kt。85个盐湖中氧化铷的资源量达到大型矿床要求的盐湖有5个,达到中型矿床要求的盐湖有4个。氧化铯资源量达到大型矿床要求的盐湖有2个,达到中型矿床要求的盐湖有2个。盐湖铷铯在蒸发过程中基本处于浓缩阶段,残卤中铷铯浓度很高,扎布耶盐湖湖水蒸发残卤中铷、铯质量分数最高为0.496‰和0.372‰,拉果错残卤中铷、铯最高为0.84‰和1.76‰,麻米错残卤中铷、铯最高为0.224‰和0.297‰,这有利于铷铯的开发利用。目前...     

西藏改则县吉布茶卡-拉果错盐湖锂矿控矿因素分析

西藏是我国内陆盐湖分布最多的省区之一,藏西北现代盐湖星罗棋布,锂资源丰富。文章简述了西藏改则县吉布茶卡-拉果错盐湖的自然地理概况,系统阐述了该区与盐湖锂矿成矿有关的区域地质背景及成矿地质特征,并通过对吉布茶卡-拉果错地区的地质、水文特征及时空关联分析,总结了该区湖盆构造、成矿物质来源、水文条件及气候条件对盐湖锂矿的成矿控制作用。     

青海西部尕斯库勒盐湖沉积物中铀和钍地球化学特征探讨

文章以柴达木盆地西部尕斯库勒盐湖沉积物为研究对象,通过对钻孔沉积物和地表沉积物中铀和钍含量的研究,探讨了盐湖沉积物中铀和钍的地球化学特征。分析表明,钻孔沉积物中铀和钍之间存在明显的正相关关系。在横向上,随地表取样点逐渐远离湖表卤水,沉积物中铀和钍的含量先增高后又急剧降低,且受补给水铀含量影响大;在纵向上,同一个晶间卤水层或者碎屑物沉积层内铀含量垂直分异明显,铀含量随深度增加而递增。就沉积物中铀和钍的赋存形式而言,2/3的铀被黏土质点吸附,1/3的铀夹杂在盐类矿物中;而90%以上的钍被黏土质点吸附,10%以下的钍夹杂在盐类矿物中。干盐滩中毛细蒸发和淋滤等化学沉积分异作用造成盐湖沉积中心的沉积物铀含量相对较高。     

察尔汗盐湖晒卤过程中铷和铯元素富集规律研究

通过对察尔汗盐湖Ⅰ、Ⅱ号采区盐田中卤水及固体进行系统采样和分析,发现卤水中的主微量元素在盐田摊晒过程中显示出不同程度的富集,除成盐外,还存在类质同象、母液夹带等现象。其中,铷和铯元素的富集规律与光卤石析出存在一定的关联。XRD和TOF-SIMS分析结果显示,铷与钾呈现出更强的正相关性,与钠呈现出负相关性,表明铷元素与钾元素存在类质同象现象。铯元素与钾元素的类质同象现象则不明显,可能主要通过母液夹带的方式进入盐样中。该研究揭示了卤水中铷和铯元素的富集规律和赋存形式,对盐湖铷和铯资源综合利用开发具有一定的借鉴意义。     

硫酸钠亚型盐湖卤水不同温度下Li~+富集、结晶行为研究——以西藏拉果错盐湖为例

西藏拉果错盐湖属于硫酸钠亚型盐湖,卤水含有钾、锂、硼等有价值组分,针对此类盐湖资源,研究锂的富集过程非常必要。通过硫酸钠亚型盐湖卤水的变温蒸发过程,对比了锂在不同温度下富集规律和饱和点,卤水中的锂在蒸发过程中主要以硫酸锂和锂芒硝等形式结晶,在此基础上建立了锂和硫酸根浓度与温度变化关系的相关性,根据组成和温度,计算了浓度熵,模拟了锂饱和点和浓度熵的关系方程;利用浓度熵方程,控制锂盐析出,从而实现获得高锂浓度的卤水,为硫酸钠亚型盐湖卤水天然蒸发富集锂和盐湖资源高效利用提供依据。     

我国西北地区盐湖中234U/238U比值与铀关系研究——以内蒙古地区碳酸盐型盐湖为例

内蒙古二连盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地典型含铀碳酸型盐湖水、岩两相2344U/23898U综合分析表明,该类盐湖铀来源于降水和潜水对盐湖盆地周围中生代以来富铀沉积物的溶滤、浸出,具有快速、近源物质来源特点.盐湖卤水和对应沉积物234 U/238U比值一般为0.8～1.2,盐湖卤水和潜卤水(晶间卤水)岩两相中的铀处于沉积平衡状态.含铀盐湖水、沉积物的234 U/238U比值随其铀含量增大而减小,并趋近于1,富铀盐湖水及沉积物234U/238U比值介于0.9～1.5之间.室内盐湖水蒸发模拟实验发现,残余卤水、沉积物234U/238U、铀总量具有随蒸发程度增大逐渐减小的变化特征.铀主要以碳酸铀酰络合物和吸附形式赋存在富含有机物和碎屑成分的含盐粘土沉积中.卤水和沉积物234 U/238U比值是盐湖铀源及铀含量水平的有效指示标志之一.     

我国西北地区盐湖中的铀234U/238U比值示踪研究

内蒙古二连盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地典型含铀碳酸型盐湖水、岩两相234U/238U综合分析表明,碳酸型盐湖铀来源于大气降水和潜水对盐湖盆地周围中生代到现代富铀沉积物的溶滤、浸出,具有快速、近源物质来源特点。盐湖卤水和对应沉积物234U/238U值一般为0.8～1.2,湖卤水和潜卤水（晶间卤水）-岩两相中的铀处于沉积平衡状态。早白垩世～上新世含膏盐地层对比研究证实了富铀岩层234U/238U值随铀含量增大而减小,并趋近于1。室内盐湖水蒸发模拟实验发现残余卤水、沉积物234U/238U具有随蒸发程度增大逐渐减小的变化特征。盐湖现代沉积物物相研究发现铀主要以碳酸铀酰和吸附形式赋存在富含有机物和碎屑成分的含盐粘土沉积中,铀在盐类晶体中含量极少,仅存在于封闭水和结晶水中。卤水和沉积物ARu值是盐湖铀源及铀含量水平的指示标志之一。     

腾格里沙漠地区盐湖卤水水化学特征

盐湖卤水作为盐湖资源的重要组成部分,赋存有多种有益元素。我国钾盐资源主要赋存于西部盐湖卤水中。腾格里沙漠地区盐湖众多,普遍赋存有卤水,并以晶间卤水为主,通过对盐湖卤水的分布、化学组成及矿化特征的研究,认为本区多数盐湖含有高矿化度卤水,水化学类型以硫酸盐型为主,卤水化学特征主要受卤水演化程度以及物源条件和浓缩分异作用的控制。区内盐湖卤水K+含量较高,并有随矿化度增加而升高的趋势。     

阿根廷奥布莱莫埃尔多盐湖钾锂资源潜力分析

阿根廷奥布莱莫埃尔多盐湖位于南美安第斯高原"锂三角"地区,钾锂资源丰富;为了研究该盐湖卤水特征,分析其钾锂资源远景,利用遥感数据提取钾、锂异常信息,并在湖区施工浅井采集卤水样品进行验证。盐湖钾锂一般赋存于含盐细砂中,靠近盐湖中部赋存于石盐为主的盐类矿物晶体间的孔隙之中;卤水分析结果表明,KCl含量0.60%～2.11%,平均品位1.03%,LiCl含量146～4977mg/L,平均含量2407mg/L;遥感解译显示湖区存在高矿化度卤水,钾锂异常主要集中分布于湖区岛屿北部、东北部及南部靠近岛屿地带。奥布莱莫埃尔多盐湖遥感信息显示钾、锂异常,浅井卤水分析富含锂钾,部分样品达到工业品位,盐湖找矿潜力巨大。     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Inter-regional correlation of transgressions and regressions in the Cretaceous period

Well investigated platforms have been selected in each continent, and the history of Cretaceous transgressions and regressions there is concisely reviewed from the available evidence. The factual records have been summarized into a diagram and the timing of the events correlated between distant as well as adjoining areas.On a global scale, major transgressions were stepwise enlarged in space and time from the Neocomian, via Aptian-Albian, to the Late Cretaceous, and the post-Cretaceous regression was very remarkable. Minor cycles of transgression-regression were not always synchronous between different areas. Some of them were, however, nearly synchronous between the areas facing the same ocean.Tectono-eustasy may have been the main cause of the phenomena of transgression-regression, but certain kinds of other tectonic movements which affected even the so-called stable platforms were also responsible for the phenomena. The combined effects of various causes may have been unusual in the Cretaceous, since it was a period of global tectonic activity. The slowing down of this activity followed by readjustments may have been the cause of the global regression at the end of the Cretaceous.     

The lamprophyres of Afyon stratovolcano,western Anatolia,Turkey: description and genesis

The Afyon stratovolcano exhibits lamprophyric rocks, emplaced as hydrovolcanic products, aphanitic lava flows and dyke intrusions, during the final stages of volcanic activity. Most of the Afyon volcanics belong to the silica-saturated alkaline suite, as potassic trachyandesites and trachytes, while the products of the latest activity are lamproitic lamprophyres (jumillite, orendite, verite, fitztroyite) and alkaline lamprophyres (campto-sannaite, sannaite, hyalo-monchiquite, analcime–monchiquite). Afyon lamprophyres exhibit LILE and Zr enrichments, related to mantle metasomatism.     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20140751 Guo Xincheng(Geological Party,BGMRED of Xinjiang,Changji 831100,China);Zheng Yuzhuang Determination and Geological Significance of the Mesoarchean Craton in Western Kunlun Mountains,Xinjiang,China(Geological Review,ISSN0371-5736,CN11-1952/P,59(3),2013,p.401-412,8     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141058 Chen Ling(Key Laboratory of Mathematical Geology of Sichuan Province,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu610059,China);Guo Ke Study of Geochemical Ore-Forming Anomaly Identification Based on the Theory of Blind Source Separation(Geosci-     

SEISMIC GEOLOGY

正20141334 Chen Kun(Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing100081,China);Yu Yanxiang Shakemap of Peak Ground Acceleration with Bias Correction for the Lushan,Sichuan Earthquake on April20,2013(Seismology and Geology,ISSN0253-4967,CN11-2192/P,35(3),2013,p.627-633,2 illus.,1 table,9 refs.)Key words:great earthquakes,Sichuan Province     

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY & STRATIGRAPHY

正20141624 Cai Xiongfei(Key Laboratory of Geobiology and Environmental Geology,Ministry of Education,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Yang Jie A Restudy of the Upper Sinian Zhengmuguan and Tuerkeng Formations in the Helan Mountains(Journal of Stratigraphy,ISSN0253-4959CN32-1187/P,37(3),2013,p.377-386,5 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20142263Lü Shaojun(Geological Survey of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330030,China)Early-Middle Permian Biostratigraphical Characteristics in Qiangduo Area,Tibet(Resources SurveyEnvironment,ISSN1671-4814,CN32-1640/N,34(4),2013,p.221-227,2illus.,2tables,22refs.)Key words:biostratigraphy,Lower Permian,Middle Permian,Tibet     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20142560Hu Hongxia(Regional Geological and Mineral Resources Survey of Jilin Province,Changchun 130022,China);Dai Lixia Application of GIS Map Projection Transformation in Geological Work(Jilin Geology,ISSN1001-2427,CN22-1099/P,32(4),2013,p.160-163,4illus.,2refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20140692 Duo Tianhui(No.402 Geological Team,Exploration of Geology and Mineral Resources of Sichuan Authority,Chengdu611730,China);Wang Yongli Computer Simulation of Neptunium Existing Forms in the Groundwater(Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,ISSN1001-1749,CN51-1242/P,35(3),