百色盆地古近系层序地层模式与油气勘探

根据层序地层学的划分原则及识别标志,建立百色盆地古近系层序地层序列;以盆地不同的构造活动带与油气区块为基础,建立类型和特征不同的层序地层充填模式,揭示层序地层充填模式与层序边界之间的关系,提出了有利沉积相带和砂体预测,对于盆地的油气勘探具有指导作用。     

广西第三系煤系地层油砂的地球化学特征

本文通过对广西百色盆地煤系地层油砂及下层褐煤中饱和烃、芳烃生物标志物鉴定及进行对比分析，发现两者生物标志物分布特征极为相似。结合有机岩石学研究成果，作者认为油砂中的烃类大部分就是源于这种褐煤。本文通过对百色盆地煤系地层油砂生物标志物进行研究，以对本地区煤系地层油气勘探提供更可靠的科学依据。     

西藏阿里札达盆地上新统鼠兔类牙齿化石的发现

首次在西藏阿里札达盆地上新世河湖相沉积地层中发现了鼠兔类牙齿化石，对鼠兔类牙齿化石的基本特征进行了描述，并在同一层位中采集了大量孢粉、古动物和古植物化石。结合区域地质特征，产出鼠兔类牙齿化石地层的古地磁、ESR测年资料，沉积学特征等的简要分析，认为札达盆地鼠兔类的演化迁徙与上新世时气候由温暖湿润向寒冷潮湿-温和干旱的变化有关。显然，这一发现有助于认识青藏高原新近纪上新世的生物演化、气候变化和构造活动，并为研究青藏高原新近纪以来的生物进化、湖泊与河流演化、气候变化、古地理与古环境变迁和古近系、新近系、第四系地层划分等提供了新资料。     

兰州地区土岩组合地层深基坑支护及地下水控制方法

兰州地区为典型的两山夹一川的河谷盆地地貌,区内浅部为第四系松散堆积物,下部为新近系风化基岩。介绍了兰州地区土岩组合地层的基本分布情况及地下水分布规律,并根据下部风化基岩的胶结程度、透水性、单轴饱和抗压强度等特征,将土岩组合地层分为两类,一类系上部为松散堆积地层、下部为弱透水—中等透水性砂岩,二类系上部为松散堆积地层、下部为不透水性砂岩。针对两类不同的土岩组合地层,归纳总结了深基坑工程支护结构及地下水控制系统的选型,给出了两类土岩组合地层中深基坑设计的典型案例,可为同类地层深基坑工程设计与施工提供借鉴。     

曲靖盆地上新统地层

曲靖盆地上新统地层发育，可以作为滇东大型新生代盆地沉积之代表。本文划分介形类4组合，孢粉5组合。根据生物组合，结合岩石地层特征，对该盆地地层作系统划分，为云南晚第三纪地层划分、对比提供依据。     

中国河南省白湾盆地的白垩系特征

河南省南阳－襄樊盆地第三系地层中已找到了油田，但只有几口井钻遇白垩系顶部地层，对盆地内白垩系情况不明。南襄盆地周缘发育有中生代盆地群。盆地群形成于华北板块与扬子板块碰撞缝合带上和印支－燕山期形成的东秦岭褶皱系基础上，白湾盆地是盆地群中的一个盆地，通过剖析白湾盆地形成的大地构造背景，构造特征，白垩系古生物地层，古气候，沉积相和沉积体系等特征。     

陕北盐盆马家沟组含盐系地层层序发育特征及地质意义

鄂尔多斯盆地中深部含盐系地层是中国陆相盐资源勘探开发的重点。在前人研究的基础上，文章采用Vail经典层序地层学理论，结合构造运动与海平面变化，通过对地震、测井资料的综合分析，应用井震结合技术，对古生界中奥陶统马家沟组地层开展层序地层研究，并进一步探究不同级别层序对含盐系地层发育形成的地质意义。研究结果表明，马家沟组地层划分为1个二级层序，3个三级层序，8个四级层序。二级层序（构造层序）和三级层序（沉积层序）共同影响含盐系地层平面及剖面发育特征。沉积作用（三级层序）控制原始盐体的形成；构造作用（二级层序）控制原始盐盆的形成，并对含盐系地层形态产生破坏、改造及调整。研究含盐系地层层序发育特征及其地质意义，能够为海相盆地中深层盐矿的进一步勘探开发提供方向和依据。     

小江断裂带第三纪走滑断陷盆地的充填层序特征

小江断裂是滇中走滑断裂系中的一条主干断裂，沿断裂带发育了一系列带有明显走滑特征的新生代小型断陷盆地，第三纪含煤地层主要由冲积扇-湖泊、沼泽成因地层层序构成。本文在对多个断陷盆地的成因地层、充填序列、沉积体系域等剖析的基础上，讨论了走滑构造背景下断陷盆地的充填层序特征，并指出构造沉降、走滑作用和构造反转对盆地充填起作重要作用。     

负压地层形成机制及其对油气藏的影响

具异常压力场特征的盆地在我国比较普遍，但更多的是研究超压体系，对于异常低压体系的成因与机制在国内还没有很好的解释。盆地内的广泛沉积造成的巨厚沉积地层，并在随后的地层抬升过程中造成的严重剥蚀，导致剥蚀反弹现象，从而形成负压区。由于地层的温度或其他因素的影响，也会造成局部的负压现象。根据百色盆地的负压现象，从其成因着手,分析其形成过程有其对该地区油气藏的影响。负压造成流体的局部回流，形成低压封隔窗，促使油气二次运移，从而改造油气藏的分布，形成一些与负压有关的油气藏。     

小江断裂带有三纪走滑断陷盆地的充填层序特征

小江断裂是滇中走滑断裂系中的一条主干断裂，沿断裂带发育了一系列带有明显走滑特征的新生代小型断陷盆地，第三纪含煤地层主要由冲积扇－湖泊、沼泽成因地层层序构成。本在对多个断陷盆地的成因地层、充填序列、沉积体系域等剖析的基础上，讨论了走滑构造背景下断陷盆地的充填层序特征，并指出构造沉降、走滑作用和构造反转对盆地充填起作重要的作用。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.