某地镁矽卡岩中的硅钛铈矿

前言硅钛铈矿是一种富含铈族稀土元素和钛的硅酸盐矿物。1844年H.罗塞(Rose)在苏联烏拉尔首次发現以后,继之在印度(M.A.Damour,1861)、美国(R.C.Price,1888)、錫兰(G.Tschernik,1913)、馬尔加什(A.Lacroix.1915)、朝鮮(Hota,1940)和日本(J.Takubo和S.Nishimura,1953)等地先后发現,矿物的产状大都是分布在与碱性岩和碱性花崗岩有关的伟晶岩脉中。     

Major Breakthroughs in Geological Theory,Key Techniques and Exploration of Tight Oil in China

正In recent years,U.S.tight oil exploration and development have achieved significant progress,with rapidly increasing production,which has significantly changed the U.S.A.energy supply pattern(Fig.1).Compared with the North American marine to marginal marine-continental transitional facies,China’s tight oil(Fig.1)     

砷钍石——一个钍石的新变种

一、前言钍石（Thorite）ThSiO₄是一种比較稀少的矿物,主要产于伟晶岩中,其次以副矿物形式产于花崗岩和正长岩中。在与硷性岩有关的碳酸岩矿床中也常含钍石。近年在美国西部发現有中、低溫热液型的钍石矿脉甚多,系一种新的矿床类型（Twenhofel和Buck,1956）。此外,钍石也常見于砂矿中。钍石的成分常多变化。首先是有許多其他元素以固溶液方式置換钍和矽,最常見的有以了几种元素: （1）置换Th的有:U,Fe,Ca,稀土（特別是Ce）,Zr,Pb。据文献的钍石化學分析資料所載,其中还含有微量的Al、Nb、Ta、Mg、Mn、K、Na、Be等元素,由此就产生了許多钍石变种名称,如鈾钍石、鈣钍石、铈钍石、鉄钍石等。 （2）置換Si的有P。发表的报告中还記載有微量的S、As、CO₂等。     

岩石快速全分析

前言岩石的化学分析法,早在20世纪初期由W.F.希里布兰德(Hillebrand)和H.S.华盛顿(Washington)进行过较详细的研究。其中特別是华盛顿为了探索各种岩石中元素的平均含量,曾在这方面做了很多工作。 1936年,A.W.格罗维斯(Groves)编写了“硅酸盐分析”一书,书中內容与华盛顿的岩石化学分析方法大同小异。随后这方面的文章和书籍不断的增多。     

矿物中水的分子折射度和分子体积

矿物中的水分为结晶水,结构水(氢氧根)、层间水、沸石水和吸附水等几种结构状态。不同结构状态的水对矿物的性质应有不同的影响。但是著名矿物学家拉尔森^[1](E.S.Larsen)给定矿物中水的比折射度k值(又称格拉斯顿-代尔常数),不论是对何种结构状态的水都适用。曾经有许多人对这一点产生过疑义,最近曼达利诺^[2](J.A.Mandarino)修正k值时,对各种结构状态的水仍是同用一值。矿物中各种水的折射度是否变化呢?本文作者将列举大量数据来说明这一问题。     

浙江西部晚奥陶世五峰期沉积及奥陶系—志留系的分界

浙江西部晚奥陶世五峰期沉积包括三种相:(一)笔石页岩相:由二部分组成,上部堰口组有笔石Diplograptus bohemicus带及三叶虫Dalmanitina sp.,下部于潜组有四个笔石带:(4)Paraorthograptus yuqianensis,(3)Climacograptus venstus,(2)Dicellograptus szechuanensis,(1)Pseudoclimacograptus anhutensis(二)混合相:上部为文昌组,下部为长坞组,(三)壳灰岩相:上部为文昌组，下部为三巨山组，有Toeniolites, Proheliolites等。本区的Dralmdnitina-Hrrnantio层出露清楚，且Da.和H.与Diplograptus bohemicus共生，时代属晚奥陶世晚期。     

History and Progress of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project,2001-2010

In 2007,the U.S.Geological Survey,the Geological Survey of Canada,and the Mexican Geological Survey initiated a low-density(1 site per 1600 km2,13323 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of North American soils(North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project).Sampling and analytical protocols were developed at a series of workshops in 2003-2004 and pilot studies were conducted from 2004-2007.The ideal sampling protocol at each site includes a sample from 0-5 cm depth,a composite of the soil A horizon,and a sample from the soil C horizon.The <2-mm fraction of each sample is analyzed for Al,Ca,Fe,K,Mg,Na,S,Ti,Ag,Ba,Be,Bi,Cd,Ce,Co,Cr,Cs,Cu,Ga,In,La,Li,Mn,Mo,Nb,Ni,P,Pb,Rb,Sb,Sc,Sn,Sr,Te,Th,Tl,U,V,W,Y,and Zn by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry following a near-total digestion in a mixture of HCl,HNO3,HClO4,and HF.Separate methods are used for As,Hg,Se,and total C on this same size fraction.The major mineralogical components are determined by a quantitative X-ray diffraction method.Sampling in the conterminous U.S.was completed in 2010(c.4800 sites) with chemical and mineralogical analysis currently underway.In Mexico,approximately 66% of the sampling(871 sites) had been done by the end of 2010 with completion expected in 2012.After completing sampling in the Maritime provinces and portions of other provinces(472 sites,7.6% of the total),Canada withdrew from the project in 2010.Preliminary results for a swath from the central U.S.to Florida clearly show the effects of soil parent material and climate on the chemical and mineralogical composition of soils.A sample archive will be established and made available for future investigations.     

我国产出的板硼石晶体

前言板硼石(Inyoite--Ca₂B₆O₁₁·13H₂O)是由 W.T.沙勒（Schaller）在美国加利福尼亚州死谷发现的一种含水的钙硼酸盐矿物,以后在加拿大新不伦瑞克（New Brunswick）、苏联的印迭尔和秘鲁的一干盐湖沉积物中均有发现。近几年来,在我国个别表生硼酸盐矿床中也发现有板硼石产出,其中有一矿床所产的板硼石晶形十分完美,因而使我们有可能对这些晶体进行较全面的分析和研究,本文即主要报导我们工作的初步结果。     

Revealing the Landform Types and Morphologic Features of Lunar Surface

<正>Objective A lunar geologic map at a scale of 1:5000000 was finished in the 1970s by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration,U.S.Department of the Interior,U.S.Geological Survey.Till now,the landform classification system and lunar morphologic mapping have not been clarified.The work aims to put forward a new landform classification system and to obtain index and map in the Sheet H010.Some key morphologic features of lunar surface were compared with those of the Earth.This     

云南武定下奥陶统Cruziana遗迹化石群落及其地层和地理分布

本世纪三十年代初,我国古生物学家尹赞勋先生曾详细研究采自滇东和川西南的一些 Cruziana 遗迹化石(尹赞勋,1933)。他首次在我国介绍了二叶石(Bilobites)这一名称同遗迹属名 Cruziana 的关系;讨论了三叶虫可能是 Cruziana 的遗迹动物;并系统描述了上述 Cruziana A,B,C 三种类型。这篇著作对研究我国三叶虫遗迹化石开创了方向,奠定了基础。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111001344

The Rehai Geothermal Field,located in Tengcbong County,in central-western Yunnan Province, is the largest and most intensively studied geothermal held in China.A wide physicochemical diversity of springs(ambient to ~97℃;pH from≤.8 to≥9.3) provides a multitude of niches for extremophilic microorganisms.A variety of studies have focused on the cultivation,identification,basic physiology,taxonomy,and biotechnological potential of thermophilic microorganisms from Rehai.Thermophilic bacteria isolated from Rehai belong to the phyla Firmicutes and Deinococcus-Thenmts. Firmicutes include neutrophilic or alkaliphilic Anoxybacillus,Bacillus,Caldalkalibacillus.Caldanaerobacier, Laceyella,and Geobacillus,as well as thermoacidophilic Alicyclobacillus and Sulfobacillus. Isolates from the Deinococcus-Thermus phylum include several Meiothermus and Thennus species.Many of these bacteria synthesize thermostable polymer-degrading enzymes that may be useful for biotechnology. The thermoacidophilic archaea Acidianus.Melal/osp/utera.and Suljolobus have also been isolated and studied.A few studies have reported the isolation of thermophilic viruses belonging to Siphoviridae(TTSP4 and TTSPIO) and Fuselloviridae(STSVl) infecting Thennus spp.and Suljolobus spp..respectively.More recently,cultivation-independent studies using 16S rRNA gene sequences, shotgun metagenomics,or "functional gene" sequences have revealed a much broader diversity of microorganisms than represented in culture.Studies of the gene and mRNA encoding the large subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase(imioA) of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea(AOA) and the tetraether lipid erenarchaeol. a potential biomarker for AOA.suggest a wide diversity,but possibly low abundance,of thermophilic AOA in Rehai.Finally,we introduce the Tengchong Partnerships in International Research and Education(PIRE) project,an international collaboration between Chinese and U.S.scientists with the goal of promoting international and interdisciplinary cooperation to gain a more holistic and global view of life in terrestrial geothermal springs.     

GEOCHRONOMETRY & ISOTOPE GEOLOGY

990984 Li Bingeheng(Department of Hydro-geology and Engineering Geology,Xi乞n En-gineering University,Xi,an,Shaanxi)onThermoluminescenee Dating of Loess(Jour-nal of Xi、n Engineering University,ISSN1007一9955,CN 61一 1314/TD,20(4),1998,p.41一44,1 illus.,1 table,15 ref,with English abstraet)990985 Li Hongehun(Department of EarthSeienees,University of Southern California,Los Angeles,U.S.A);Gu Delong The Ap-Plication of High一Resolution Carbon 150-toPe Reeord of a Stalagmite fr…     

应用接觸电流鑑定金屬矿物

应用氧化还原反应所生接触电流(内电流)的作用来鑑定矿物,是矿物鑑定方法的一个新尝試。我們曾对錫石、孔雀石、蓝銅矿、白鉛矿和白鎢矿等几种矿物作了試驗,效果甚好,方法也很簡便。現在介紹如下。在盐酸溶液里放一鋅板(見图),再放一顆錫石,用导綫将它們連接起來,就組成了一个原电池。我們知道,由于氧化还原电位高低的差别,这时鋅板成了阴极,而錫石顆粒所接触的銅絲(导綫)就成了阳极。     

显微构造应用的可能性和局限性

结构的观察及其解释是研究岩石和对其进行分析的一个基本方法,它标志着岩石学的显微镜时代。偏光显微镜和旋转台是研究结构型式的基本工具。这些方法的一些成就有Sander(1930)对变形岩石所作的岩组(Gefügekunde)分析和F.K.Drescher—Kaden(1948)对花岗岩和片麻岩中的石英-长石的反应组构(Reakionsgefüge)研究,后者是研究静态生长结构的一个极好例子。     

珍珠石矿物的研究

珍珠石(许冀泉、方邺森,1982)曾称为珍珠陶土,它是高岭石类矿物中的一种,与地开石、高岭石、7Å多水高岭石和10Å多水高岭石同属于1:1型层状硅酸盐矿物。在高岭土的矿物组成中,珍珠石是一种罕见的矿物。目前,在我国尚未报道过珍珠石的详细矿物学数据。本文中研究的样品,通过各种方法测出的数据,初步认为它们与标准珍珠石一致。     

Assessment on Redox Conditions and Organic Burial of Siliciferous Sediments at the Latest Permian Dalong Formation in Shangsi, Sichuan, South China

The redox sensitive elements, molybdenum (Mo) and uranium (U), in marine sediments from the latest Permian Dalong (大隆) Formation at the Shangsi (上寺) Section, Northeast Siehuan (四川), South China, were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine their response to a range of redox conditions, and to estimate the organic carbon burial rate. On the basis of the correlation between authigenic Mo abundance and organic carbon content in modern oceans, the organic carbon burial rates were calculated for the rocks at Dalong Formation, ranging from 0.48-125.83 mmol/(m2-d), which shows a larger range than the mineralization rate of organic carbon at the continental margins (1.6-4.23 mmol/(m2.d)). The Zr-normalized Mo and U abundances show large fluctuations in the entire section. The maxima of Zr-normalized Mo abundance and thus the maxima of the organic carbon burial rates were observed at the interval between the 155th and 156th beds (404-407 m above the base of Middle Permian). A decrease (the minimum) in U/Mo ratios is present in this interval. It is speculated that the oxygen-limited conditions and ultimately anoxia or euxinia may develop within this depth interval. In contrast, an enhanced enrichment of Zr-normallzed U abundance is found, in association with less enrichment in Zr-normnllzed Mo abundance in the interval from the I51st to 154th beds (395-404 m above the base of Middle Permian), inferring the dominance of a suboxic/anoxic depositional condition (denitrifying condition), or without free H2S. The presence of small quantities of dissolved oxygen may have caused the solubilization and loss of Mo from sediments. It is proposed that the multiple cycles of abrupt oxidation and reduction due to the upwelllng at this interval lead to the enhanced accumulation of authigenic U, but less enrichment of Mo. A decrease in the contents of U, Mo, and TOC is found above the 157th bed (407 m above the base of Middle Permian), in association with the enhanced U/Mo ratio, suggesting the overall oxic conditions at the end of the Dalong Formation.     

饱水砂砾石冻结时之孔隙水压力

回 顾 国内外研究表明(S.Taber,1930;G.Beskow,1935;H.A.1955;1957;作者,1965等),在水流可以排除的条件下,饱水砂砾石等粗粒土冻结后的含水量比冻前反而减少。许多学者(A.E.Wissa andR.T.Martin,1968;N.R.Morgens-tern and C.B.Smith,1973;W.D.     

白云鄂博的氟碳钡铈矿

氟碳钡铈矿(Cordylite)BaCe₂(CO₃)₃ F₂本世纪初首先发现于格陵兰纳尔萨尔苏克(Narssarssuk)的碱性正长伟晶岩脉中,与霓石、氟碳铈钙矿、柱星叶石和碳锶铈矿共生。1965年该矿物又发现于我国白云鄂博西矿区热液交代的元古代白云岩中。1975年,加拿大魁北克省圣赫莱山(Mont st. Hilaire,Quebec)的霞石正长岩中的伟晶岩脉中也发现了这一矿物,它与方沸石、霓石和钠闪石共生。     

地球表面的主要断裂带

地球上满布着大大小小、各式各样的断裂,其中一部分,断到了地壳深处乃至地肉(Mantle)中,这类断裂通常被称为深断裂或主要断裂。关于这类断裂的研究,早在本世纪初,W.H.霍布斯就已推想到某些地形特征可能与地壳裂缝有关。R.A.松德尔着重研究了线形构造(Lineament),强调了北东-南西向和北西-南东向线形构造的重要性,并认为沿它们进行的平移剪切运动(Rhegmagertese)是地壳的主导运动之一。深断裂这一术语是A.B.裴伟首先提出来的,在1956午,他又发表了两篇有关深断裂的总结性论文。 F.A.维宁.迈勒慈研究了星球性剪切网络及它与极位移、壳下对流的关系。     

锂型蒙脱石——锂的快离子导体

快离子导体的离子电导率很高(大于1×10^-3Ω^-1&3183;cm^-1),电子电导率很低(小于总电导率的1%)。它的一个重要应用是作固体电池的电解质隔膜。已知的离子导体不下千种,而快离子导体却为数甚少,锂的快离子导体则几乎尚未发现。从研制高能量密度电池的角度考虑,锂的快离子导体是关键材料,这是近几年来对探索锂的快离子导体给予极大重视的原因。在锂型快离子导体中,Li₃N是研究得最多的材料,室温下多晶片的离子电导率为6.6×10^-4Ω¹&3183;cm^-1(B.A.Boukamp and R.A.Huggins,1978),但分解电压太低(～0.45V),稳定性差,不可能在电池中应用它。