空气磨蚀技术在单颗粒锆石U－Pb稀释法测年中的应用

应用空气磨蚀技术将发生铅丢失的锆石表层磨掉，可以提高锆石测年数据点在Ｕ－Ｐｂ谐和图中的谐和程度，进而可以提高不一致线与谐和线上交点年龄的精度和准确度。本文将这一技术应用于浙西南早元古代花岗质岩石的测年中，取得了很好的效果。     

大兴安岭北部新林地区早侏罗世火山岩的发现及其地质意义

大兴安岭北部新林地区战备村一带新发现早侏罗世酸性火山岩.共测试2个锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄.第一个测年样品为绢英岩化流纹岩,谐和图上测点偏离谐和线右侧为典型的不谐和年龄,与谐和线相交年龄为192.0±1 Ma,MSWD=1.2,为流纹岩喷出后的冷却结晶年龄;第二个测试样品为弱硅化流纹岩,谐和年龄为178.0...     

华北克拉通胶东地区粉子山群碎屑锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年

胶东是华北克拉通重要的变质基底出露区之一。对该区古元古代粉子山群和荆山群中碎屑锆石的年龄分布特征的研究,可以为胶东地区早前寒武纪演化提供重要依据。由于Pb丢失作用,前人仅在粉子山群中获得少量锆石谐和年龄。本文对粉子山群长石石英片岩中碎屑锆石进行了SHRIMP定年。52颗锆石的61个数据点分析,获得36个谐和年龄(不谐和度10%)。所有具谐和年龄的锆石都具有高的Th/U比值,大多显示明显的岩浆环带,原为岩浆成因。谐和锆石年龄分布在2033~3429Ma之间,主要峰值分别为~2.19Ga和~2.48Ga。该样品中还含有2颗年龄大于3.3Ga的锆石,位于谐和线上的2颗最年轻碎屑锆石的年龄为~2.08Ga。结合前人研究,可得出如下结论:1)粉子山群和荆山群原岩沉积时代可进一步限制在1.9~2.1Ga之间;2)粉子山群与荆山群的碎屑锆石年龄分布形式存在明显区别,指示其源区可能不同;3)胶东地区可能存在古太古代地壳物质。     

燕山中段走滑断裂中辉绿岩脉的SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和Ar-Ar年龄

燕山中段东西向走滑断裂的活动时代一直存在争议,对侵入断层中的辉绿岩脉的直接测年可以给出一个年龄上限.侵入密云-喜峰口断裂中的辉绿岩脉的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb和角闪石Ar-Ar测年发现,锆石U-Pb年龄为290～125Ma,没有一个谐和年龄;角闪石Ar-Ar坪年龄为123.5Ma±1.5Ma.Ar-Ar年龄与最年轻的...     

燕山中段走滑断裂中辉绿岩脉的SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和Ar-Ar年龄

燕山中段东西向走滑断裂的活动时代一直存在争议,对侵入断层中的辉绿岩脉的直接测年可以给出一个年龄上限。侵入密云-喜峰口断裂中的辉绿岩脉的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb和角闪石Ar-Ar测年发现,锆石U-Pb年龄为290~125Ma,没有一个谐和年龄;角闪石Ar-Ar坪年龄为123.5Ma±1.5Ma。Ar-Ar年龄与最年轻的锆石U-Pb年龄一致,代表了辉绿岩脉的冷却年龄,是断裂活动时代的上限。分散的锆石U-Pb年龄,均为继承年龄,与燕山造山带5次岩浆活动的时代对应。     

关于基性岩墙群的U-Pb SHRIMP地质年代学的探讨——以鲁西莱芜辉绿岩岩墙为例

锆石成因研究是判断锆石年龄意义的基础。本文以鲁西隆起区莱芜辉绿岩岩墙的锆石U_PbSHRIMP年代学研究为例,从锆石成因入手探讨基性岩墙群的锆石地质年代学分析中出现的一些问题。本区基性岩墙内存在两类锆石,一种是从围岩捕获的残余锆石,其谐和年龄为2 5 37±16Ma ;另一种为岩墙原生的岩浆锆石,谐和年龄为1139±2 5Ma和115 7±18Ma ,说明岩墙侵位时代约为中元古代。基性岩墙内原生岩浆锆石很少,因此,要谨慎分析锆石的成因类型和年龄谱系,不能简单地以大多数数据的平均年龄为准,而应该以地层接触关系和岩浆岩交切关系为基本证据,结合各种同位素绝对年龄的分析来确定基性岩墙的侵位时代。     

金川超镁铁质岩体LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄

对金川(超)镁铁质岩体中的锆石进行了阴极发光(CL)成像观察,按特征将其分为碎屑锆石、岩浆锆石和具有重结晶生长边的变质锆石三类。应用LA-ICPMS对锆石微区U-Pb年龄和微量元素进行了测定,测得碎屑锆石不一致年龄较老,为(2692±160)Ma,可能代表岩体侵入时经过的围岩年龄;岩浆锆石获得谐和线年龄807Ma,可能是金川的成岩年龄;测得变质锆石的年龄为200 Ma,代表较晚的一次变质年龄。岩浆锆石的微量元素Th、U及Th/U特征显示其岩浆成因,并晶出于同一岩浆系统。     

质谱计蒸发—沉积测定单颗粒锆石年龄原理及讨论

本文讨论了锆石由于铅丢失造成的自晶体表层到晶体内部放射成因（＾２０７Ｐｂ／＾２０６Ｐｂ）Ｒ的变化趋势，用热离子质计直接进行单颗粒锆石蒸发－沉积测年时，锆石在热离子质谱计灯丝上加热蒸发和冷灯丝上沉积时物质的分布状况；锆石中的Ｕ－Ｐｂ体系是否为封闭体系的差别标志，与单颗粒锆石测年有关问题的讨论。     

锆石U-Pb同位素测年原理及应用

U-Pb法是国内目前最重要的同位素测年方法.通过分析锆石U-Pb同位素测年的基本原理、不同成因锆石的特征及常用测试技术,综述了该方法在母岩形成年龄、地质演化事件、碎屑沉积物来源、沉积时代等方面的应用.指出锆石微区U-Pb年龄测定技术的引进对我国的地质科学研究起到了巨大的推动作用,并且其应用领域仍在进一步扩展.     

稀有金属花岗伟晶岩锆石、锡石与铌钽铁矿U-Pb和白云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar测年对比研究——以阿尔金中段吐格曼北锂铍矿床为例

稀有金属花岗伟晶岩年代学是花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床研究的重要内容。目前测年方法较多,但不同方法测试结果的对比研究亟待开展。我们选择吐格曼北花岗伟晶岩型锂铍矿床3条含矿伟晶岩开展锆石、锡石、铌钽铁矿及白云母四种矿物不同方法的测年对比研究。结果显示:1)ρ31白云母-锡石伟晶岩中锡石238U/206Pb-207Pb/206Pb谐和年龄为468±8.7Ma (MSWD=1.1,N=39)、白云母-钠长石-锂辉石伟晶岩中锆石206Pb/238U谐和年龄为458.7±2.3Ma (MSWD=7.2,N=16); 2)ρ38白云母-钠长石-锂辉石伟晶岩中锆石206Pb/238U谐和年龄为454.7±4.0Ma (MSWD=8.0,N=10)、白云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为350.2±1.6Ma (MSWD=4.7); 3)ρ87含铌钽铁矿-白云母-石英伟晶岩中铌钽铁矿206Pb/238U谐和年龄为464.1±2.7Ma (MSWD=5.2,N=39)。可以看出,铌钽铁矿与锡石的U-Pb年龄在误差范围内一致,可能代表花岗伟晶岩岩浆结晶的年龄; 2件样品的蜕晶化锆石U-Pb年龄也可以对比,可能代表岩浆锆石蜕晶化后经流体交代作用及重结晶作用导致U-Pb同位素系统重置的时间。白云母Ar-Ar年龄明显晚于铌钽铁矿、锡石和锆石的U-Pb年龄,鉴于ρ38白云母-钠长石-锂辉石伟晶岩脉中白云母与锂辉石发生了强烈变形与蚀变,认为变形的白云母记录的是叠加变形与热液蚀变的时间。由此推断吐格曼北锂铍花岗伟晶岩形成于468～454Ma,这意味着阿尔金山地区中-晚奥陶世可能存在持续时间较长的稀有金属成矿事件。基于花岗伟晶岩矿物成因与吐格曼北锂铍花岗伟晶岩不同方法测年对比结果,可以得出以下结论:铌钽铁矿与锡石的U-Pb年龄可代表伟晶岩岩浆结晶的年龄,蜕晶化的锆石U-Pb年龄记录的是岩浆锆石蜕晶化后经流体交代作用及重结晶作用导致U-Pb同位素系统重置的时间,含钾矿物的40Ar/39Ar年龄能够约束伟晶岩的变形与蚀变年龄;多种定年方法的联合约束可以更好地限定稀有金属花岗伟晶岩的各个阶段成矿事件时间。     

静态测量方式的单颗粒锆石蒸发铅同位素定年方法

报道的单颗粒锆石蒸发定年方法是利用新型固体质谱计的多离子接收器配置实现的。改进的锆石蒸发^207Pb／^206Pb定年流程通过静态测量方式，在锆石蒸发过程中直接测定铅同位素比值，获得^207Pb／^206Pb年龄。应用该方法测定了元古代永宁组沉积岩的碎屑锆石，获得6颗锆石的^207Pb／^206Pb年龄值为1965—2590Ma。与传统的蒸发法流程相比，静态测量方法省时简捷，同时可以直观地观测到锆石内部的铅同位素组成变化。这些变化反映锆石结晶历史、后期事件叠加以及锆石成因等地质信息。     

基于机器学习的锆石成因分类研究

锆石是在自然界中多种温压条件下能够稳定保存,并记录原岩年龄信息的副矿物。锆石微量元素能完整记录地质演化过程信息。通过微量元素分析锆石成因的研究已久,通常利用Th-U图解和La_N-(Sm/La)_N图解等二元图解对锆石进行分类研究。然而,随着锆石研究的深入,以及二元图解无法呈现数据高维度信息的局限性,传统图解已经不能满足对锆石类型进行准确判别,且对已知类型的锆石出现判定偏差。因此,本文将地质大数据与机器学习相结合,训练出高维度锆石成因分类器。文中收集了3 498条不同成因类型的锆石微量元素数据,并通过测试和运用随机森林、支持向量机、人工神经网络和k近邻等4种机器学习算法,最终得出准确率为86.8%的线性支持向量机锆石成因分类器,用于锆石类型的判定与预测。这项工作为锆石分类研究提供了更高维度的判别手段,极大提高了微量元素分析成因结果的精度。将锆石微量元素数据与机器学习方法相结合,是大数据分析与机器学习技术在地球化学研究中的积极探索。     

Characterizing the U–Pb systematics of baddeleyite through chemical abrasion: application of multi-step digestion methods to baddeleyite geochronology

U–Pb baddeleyite geochronology has become a major tool for dating mafic rocks, especially dikes associated with Large Igneous Provinces. However, in many cases, post-crystallization Pb-loss and intergrowth of baddeleyite and zircon limit the precision and/or accuracy of crystallization ages. We present results from multi-step digestion experiments designed to understand and reduce these effects. Experiments were carried out on Neoproterozoic baddeleyites with zircon inter- and over-growths from the Gannakouriep dike swarm, Namibia, and on fragments of a large Paleoproterozoic baddeleyite from the Phalaborwa carbonatite, South Africa. Multi-step digestion experiments on annealed Phalaborwa baddeleyite were designed to test whether the recently developed chemical abrasion technique for U–Pb zircon geochronology can be applied to baddeleyite. The experiments generated complex results—individual digestion steps were both normally and reversely discordant suggesting that U and Pb were decoupled in the multi-step digestions—and indicate that the current form of multi-step chemical abrasion is not an effective method for reducing the impact of Pb-loss in baddeleyite. A separate set of experiments on the Gannakouriep baddeleyite focused on isolating the zircon and baddeleyite components in composite grains. Conventional single-step digestion experiments for this sample resulted in a discordant suite of analyses with significant scatter attributed to inter- and over-grown zircon and highlight the difficulty of obtaining precise and accurate ages from composite grains. To isolate the baddeleyite and zircon in these grains, a two-step HCl–HF chemical abrasion procedure for annealed grains was developed. This technique was successful at selectively dissolving the baddeleyite and zircon components. Secondary zircon inter- and over-growths of baddeleyite can occur in samples affected by low-temperature alteration to granulite facies metamorphism, and the new HCl–HF chemical abrasion procedure provides a method for resolving both the igneous and metamorphic history of these composite grains.     

激光探针等离子体质谱用于锆石Pb-Pb定年的分析和校正方法的进一步探讨

激光探针等离子体质谱可对锆石进行快速准确的Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ同位素定年。本文进一步探讨了该方法应用中的几个问题。对不同样品采用不同的聚焦方式可以对Ｕ／Ｐｂ分异有一定的控制作用。在一定的条件下,不连续和连续采样模式都可以得到较高精度和准确度的结果。连续采样模式还可以得到同位素计数的深度剖面。不同的测量滞留时间会影响测量结果的精度。２０ｍｓ为适合锆石２０７Ｐｂ／２０８Ｐｂ分析的最佳测量滞留时间。在对测定结果进行校正时,可以采用玻璃标样ＮＩＳＴ６１０和钻石标样两种不同的校正方法。     

冈底斯斑岩铜矿带冲江及驱龙含矿斑岩体锆石ELA-ICP-MS及SHRIMP定年对比研究

利用ELA-ICP-MS分析技术对冈底斯斑岩铜矿带冲江及驱龙含矿斑岩体进行锆石U-Pb年龄测定,所得到的年龄分别为14.0±0.2Ma和17.0±0.2Ma。两个含矿岩体锆石ELA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄和SHRIMP年龄在误差范围内基本一致。冲江含矿斑岩体成岩成矿可分为两期,每期成岩成矿时间跨度约1Ma;驱龙含矿斑岩体成岩成矿时间跨度约为1Ma。     

Interpretation of discordant U-Pb zircon ages: An evaluation

The most widely used technique for the determination of high precision mineral growth ages in igneous and metamorphic rocks is dating of zircons with the U-Pb method. The interpretation of these ages, particularly in metamorphic settings, is hampered by an incomplete understanding of the common phenomenon of partial Pb-loss in zircon. In principle, this Pb-loss may occur in four very different ways: diffusion in metamict zircon, diffusion in pristine zircon, leaching from metamict zircon and recrystallization of metamict zircon. Here it is argued that, under conditions common in the continental crust, Pb-loss is only possible in partially to strongly metamict zircons. Pb-diffusion in the pristine zircon lattice is insignificant up to temperatures of at least 1000 °C. Pb-loss is only possible if the zircons experienced a time interval below their annealing temperature of about 600–650 °C, because only below this temperature can the lattice damage through α-decay and spontaneous fission accumulate. Zircons that remain above this temperature do not lose Pb by diffusion and will stay closed systems. Complete resetting of the U-Pb system in zircon under crustal conditions is only possible through dissolution and reprecipitation of zircon. Partial resetting results from recrystallization, leaching or diffusion in metamict zircon. As a consequence, special care has to be taken to interpret lower intercepts on concordia diagrams defined by discordant U-Pb data. Lower intercept ages may be significant only if they are defined by zircons with low U-content (<100 p.p.m.) or if confirmed by other geochronological methods. In addition, the accuracy of the lower intercept should be confirmed by abrading the zircon fractions that define the discordia.     

锆石铀-铅定年激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱原位微区分析进展

激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)技术是目前最常用的锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定方法之一。该方法能够对单颗粒锆石内部年龄差异实现快速、准确的原位微区分析。文章总结了近年来激光剥蚀系统、ICP-MS技术以及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法、相关应用实例研究的进展和现状。系统评述了激光发生器,剥蚀池,剥蚀参数(激光波长、脉冲宽度、剥蚀气体、孔径大小)以及四极杆和扇形磁场质谱仪对锆石U-Pb年龄数据的精度和准确度的影响。详细介绍了基于锆石年龄标准样品、标准溶液及其他标样的外标定量校准方法,单个U/Pb比值计算方法,普通铅校正方法以及同位素年龄与微量元素同时测定的方法。目前LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年技术主要应用于碎屑锆石的沉积物源区示踪和岩浆事件的年代学约束研究。     

U‐Pb Detrital Zircon Analysis – Results of an Inter‐laboratory Comparison

Inter‐laboratory comparison of laser ablation ICP‐MS and SIMS U‐Pb dating of synthetic detrital zircon samples provides an insight into the state‐of‐the art of sedimentary provenance studies. Here, we report results obtained from ten laboratories that routinely perform this type of work. The achieved level of bias was mostly within ± 2% relative to the ID‐TIMS U‐Pb ages of zircons in the detrital sample, and the variation is likely to be attributed to variable Pb/U elemental fractionation due to zircon matrix differences between the samples and the reference materials used for standardisation. It has been determined that ~ 5% age difference between adjacent age peaks is currently at the limit of what can be routinely resolved by the in situ dating of detrital zircon samples. Precision of individual zircon age determination mostly reflects the data reduction and procedures of measurement uncertainty propagation, and it is largely independent of the instrumentation, analytical technique and reference samples used for standardisation. All laboratories showed a bias towards selection of larger zircon grains for analysis. The experiment confirms the previously published estimates of the minimum number of grains that have to be analysed in order to detect minor zircon age populations in detrital samples.     

Zircon from sediments: A combined OSL and TL auto-regenerative dating technique

Auto-regenerative dating of zircon grains from fired materials has been shown to be a very powerful technique. The high internal dose rate in zircon gives a measurable auto-regenerated TL signal a few months after the natural TL measurement, allowing the determination of age without dosimetry. The technique has been extended to zircon grains from sediments, using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques to measure the natural signal. The auto-regenerated signal is only a few hundred photons and cannot be measured above background using present OSL techniques, so it is counted using the highly sensitive TL reader developed for fired zircon grains. Preliminary measurements on fired zircons are in good accord with TL dating and the known ages, but precision becomes poor for samples <1 ka in age. Possible improvements using auto-regenerative phototransfer TL dating are discussed.     

Thermobarometric modelling of zircon and monazite growth in melt-bearing systems: examples using model metapelitic and metapsammitic granulites

U–Pb age data collected from zircon and monazite are used to draw fundamental inferences about tectonic processes in the Earth. Despite the emphasis placed on zircon and monazite ages, the understanding of how to relate the timing of growth of zircon and monazite to an evolving rock system remains in its infancy. In addition, few studies have presented large datasets of geochronological data from zircon and monazite occurring in the same metamorphic rock sample. Such information is crucial for understanding the growth of zircon relative to monazite in a systematic and predictive manner, as per this study. The data that exist support the generally held conception that zircon ages tend to be older than monazite ages within the same rock. Here experimental data for zircon and monazite saturation in melt-bearing rocks are integrated with phase diagram calculations. The calculations constrain the dissolution and growth behaviour of zircon and monazite with respect to evolving pressure, temperature and silicate mineral assemblages in high-grade, melt-bearing, metasedimentary rocks. Several key results emerge from this modelling: first, that in aluminous metapelitic rocks (i.e. garnet + cordierite + sillimanite assemblages), zircon ages are older than monazite ages in the same rock; second, that the growth rate of accessory minerals is nonlinear and much higher at and near saturation than at lower temperatures; and third, that the difference in zircon and monazite ages from the same rock may be ascribed to differences in the temperature(s) at which zircon and monazite grow rather than differences in closure temperature systematics. Using our methodology the cooling rate of granulites from the Reynolds Range, central Australia, have been constrained at ∼4 °C Myr⁻¹. This study serves as a first-pass template on which further research in applying the technique to a field study can be based.