得尔布干成矿带西南段矿床类型、成矿分带及找矿方向

得尔布干成矿带的西南段位于内蒙古自治区的新巴尔虎右旗至满洲里一带,是大兴安岭成矿省内极具找矿潜力的地区.铜、钼、铅、锌、银是该区的主要矿种,区内已发现大型矿床4处,小型矿床和矿点多处,分别形成于燕山早期和燕山晚期这2个主要成矿期,并可划分为3个矿床类型、6个矿床式.燕山早期的成矿元素主要是Cu、Mo、Au,以斑岩型和矽卡岩型矿床为主;燕山晚期的成矿元素主要为Pb、Zn、Ag,以次火山热液型和浅成热液型矿床为主.燕山期隆坳相间的构造格局和超浅成-浅成的中-酸性小岩体,控制着矿床的产出和分布.矿产地集中于燕山期隆坳交接带及其两侧,并形成以隆坳交接带为中心的、与成矿流体温度和盐度降低相伴的不对称分带.文章提出,得尔布干成矿带西南段的找矿潜力主要在隆坳交接带及其两侧,具体为已知矿区的深部及边部、乌奴格吐山-哈拉胜隆坳交接带和甲乌拉-山登脑隆坳交接带的两侧.此外,位于该区西南部的另一个隆坳交接带是潜在的矿化集中区.     

得尔布干成矿带南段矿床地质特征及找矿方向的探讨

近十几年来,得尔布干成矿带南段陆续找到一批大中型铜、钼、铅、锌、银矿床和有望矿点.该区受燕山期构造活化作用的影响,广泛分布火山岩浆杂岩带,在NW向横向构造发育的隆起部位形成多金属矿床.通过总结矿床的地质特征和控矿规律,在此基础上提出了该区带的下一步找矿方向.     

得尔布干有色、贵金属成矿区、带划分

得尔布干成矿区位于蒙古-额霍茨克断裂与得尔布干断裂之间,可划分3个成矿亚区：①上黑龙江（拗陷）成矿亚区,位于得尔布干成矿区北部,以金矿化为主,铜次之,可划分出3个E-W向成矿带;②额尔古纳（隆起）成矿亚区,位于中部,以铅锌银、金矿化为主,铜矿化次之,可划分出3个NE向成矿带;③克鲁伦（半拗、半隆）成矿亚区,位于南部,以铜、银、铅锌矿化为主,金矿化次之,可划分2个NW向成矿带和1个NE向成矿带.     

内蒙古东珺地区火山岩形成环境初探

<正>1区域地质特征东珺地区地处海拉尔火山断陷盆地的中北段,位于隆(前中生代隆起)拗(侏罗纪火山断陷盆地)交接构造带的火山盆地一侧。区内构造以断裂为主体,尤其是北北东向的得尔布干深断裂带,是本区中生代最主要的断裂构造。中侏罗世开始,得尔布干断裂复活进入强烈活动期,表     

大兴安岭得尔布干多金属成矿带地质背景与成矿预测

得尔布干地区矿产资源丰富，伴随中生代岩浆侵入和火山活动，形成了众多Ag、Pb、Zn、、Cu、Mo等多金属内生矿床，构成了得尔布干多金属成矿带。该区断裂构造非常发育，并且断裂构造控矿为主导因素，断裂控制了地层、岩浆活动和内生矿床的成生与发展。得尔不干地区的内生有色、贵金属矿床主要为火山-次火山热液型Pb、Zn、Au矿床及斑岩型Cu（Mo、Au）矿床；矿种以Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Au、Mo为主。得尔布干成矿带与毗邻的俄罗斯赤塔州、阿穆尔州和蒙古乔巴山地区同属一个成矿、地质构造单元。综合研究表明本区具有很大的成矿和找矿潜力。     

乌奴格吐山斑岩钼铜矿床含矿杂岩、蚀变特征及其与成矿的关系

乌奴格吐山矿床位于我国额尔古纳斑岩铜矿成矿带南段,与北段的斑岩铜钼矿床同属于世界古亚洲斑岩铜矿带的东延部分. 该矿床产于得尔布干深断裂带西侧,额尔古纳复背斜札赉诺尔拗陷中的局部隆起区.区域内海西期和燕山期岩浆活动均较强烈.海西期以大规模的酸性岩浆侵入为主;燕山期以大面积的中-酸性陆相火山喷发为主,伴有小规模酸一中酸性岩类侵入.两期岩浆活动均受得尔布干深断裂及其旁侧次级断裂控制,并都伴有铜、钼多金属矿化发育,构成本区北东向构造-岩浆杂岩成矿带.     

钦-杭成矿带主要金属矿床成矿系列

钦-杭成矿带是华南地区最重要的Cu-Pb-Zn-Au、W-Sn-Bi-Mo和Fe-Mn-S多金属成矿带。在前人工作基础上,根据矿床的成因组合、形成构造环境及其随地质历史演化的特点,将钦-杭成矿带主要金属矿床归纳为中新元古代海底喷流沉积型铜多金属矿床、新元古代海相沉积-变质型铁锰矿床、古生代海相沉积-叠生改造型铜铅锌铁锰矿床、加里东期与花岗岩类有关的钨钼金银多金属矿床、印支期与花岗岩类有关的钨锡铌钽铀多金属矿床、燕山期与花岗岩类有关的铜铅锌金钨锡多金属矿床、与区域动力变质热液作用有关的金银矿床等7个矿床成矿系列。进而讨论了各成矿系列的主要矿床类型、矿床地质特征和时空分布规律,初步认为,中新元古代海底喷流沉积型块状硫化物铜多金属矿床与大陆边缘岛弧火山作用有关,主要分布于扬子陆块东南缘和华夏陆块西北缘古岛弧褶皱区;新元古代受变质铁锰矿床与大陆裂谷火山作用有关,并经受了后期区域变质、热变质作用的改造,主要分布于加里东期隆起区;古生代层控型铜铅锌铁锰矿床与海底热水沉积成矿作用有关,且不同程度地受到后期岩浆-热液活动的叠加改造,主要分布于海西—印支期坳陷区与隆起区的过渡部位;加里东期斑岩-夕卡岩-热液脉型钨钼金银多金属矿床与奥陶纪末—志留纪陆内造山作用有关,主要分布于加里东期隆起区;印支期斑岩-夕卡岩-热液脉型钨锡铌钽铀多金属矿床与印支板块向华南板块的俯冲碰撞有关,成矿作用发生在后碰撞伸展阶段,主要分布于海西—印支期隆起区边缘;燕山期斑岩-夕卡岩-热液脉型铜铅锌金钨锡多金属矿床与岩石圈伸展引起的玄武岩底侵作用有关,广泛分布于海西—印支期拗陷区或中生代盆地边缘;与区域动力变质热液作用有关的金银矿床成矿系列,与印支—燕山期大规模的逆冲推覆作用有关,主要发育于钦-杭结合带两侧古陆边缘。     

额尔古纳造山带构造演化与成矿作用

额尔古纳造山带属加里东期造山带。因该造山带发育了一系列燕山期铜多金属矿床,并且它位于着名的得尔布干深断裂带的西北侧,故也称为得尔布干成矿带。额尔古纳造山带属西伯利亚板块东南缘加里东期陆缘增生带。形成之后又经历了多期构造运动的改造,特别是燕山期沿得尔布干等北东向深断裂发生了大陆裂谷作用和强烈构造岩浆活动,使之最终形成了一系列不同类型的铜钼矿床和银多金属矿床。这些矿床在空间上构成“三层楼”结构。本文阐明了额尔古纳造山带成矿作用的重要地质因素,表明成矿作用是多期复杂地质构造作用的综合结果。     

得尔布干成矿带热液型铅锌银矿成矿地质特征及控矿因素

得尔布干成矿带热液型铅锌银矿床具有分布密集、成矿时代集中以及成矿条件相似的特征,它们有着内在的成因联系.铅锌银矿体主要赋存于中、晚侏罗世火山岩中,早白垩世次火山岩或侵入岩可能为成矿提供了重要的物源和动力源;区域性的隆-拗交接构造、火山机构以及火山-次火山岩浆作用是最重要的控制因素,北西向张-剪性断裂系统为成矿提供了控矿、导矿和容矿空间,成矿物质主要源于地幔,含矿气液沿火山岩断裂系统运移并与围岩发生充填和交代使成矿元素析出沉淀而成矿.     

内蒙古黑山头地区银多金属矿地质特征及找矿潜力

工作区位于得尔布干斑岩钼矿-浅成低温热液型铅锌银金矿床成矿带上,通过地质工作区内已发现4条银矿化蚀变带。通过对工作区的地质特征、地球化学特征、地球物理特征及矿产检查成果进行分析,认为该区具有形成次火山热液型和浅成低温热液型矿床的优越条件,与该成矿带上同类型矿床的对比,发现黑山头地区具有较好的成矿银多金属的找矿潜力,建议在矿化和蚀变较好地段投入物探工作,以圈定矿体规模及走向。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.