Aspects of the structural evolution of the Lusitanian Basin in Portugal and the shelf and slope area offshore Portugal

The study provides a regional seismic interpretation and mapping of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic succession of the Lusitanian Basin and the shelf and slope area off Portugal. The seismic study is compared with previous studies of the Lusitanian Basin. From the Late Triassic to the Cretaceous the study area experienced four rift phases and intermittent periods of tectonic quiescence. The Triassic rifting was concentrated in the central part of the Lusitanian Basin and in the southernmost part of the study area, both as symmetrical grabens and half-grabens. The evolution of half-grabens was particularly prominent in the south. The Triassic fault-controlled subsidence ceased during the latest Late Triassic and was succeeded by regional subsidence during the early Early Jurassic (Hettangian) when deposition of evaporites took place. A second rift phase was initiated in the Early Jurassic, most likely during the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian. This resulted in minor salt movements along the most prominent faults. The second phase was concentrated to the area south of the Nazare Fault Zone and resulted here in the accumulation of a thick Sinemurian–Callovian succession. Following a major hiatus, probably as a result of the opening of the Central Atlantic, resumed deposition occurred during the Late Jurassic. Evidence for Late Jurassic fault-controlled subsidence is widespread over the whole basin. The pattern of Late Jurassic subsidence appears to change across the Nazare Fault Zone. North of the Nazare Fault, fault-controlled subsidence occurred mainly along NNW–SSE-trending faults and to the south of this fault zone a NNE–SSW fault pattern seems to dominate. The Oxfordian rift phase is testified in onlapping of the Oxfordian succession on salt pillows which formed in association with fault activity. The fourth and final rift phase was in the latest Late Jurassic or earliest Early Cretaceous. The Jurassic extensional tectonism resulted in triggering of salt movement and the development of salt structures along fault zones. However, only salt pillow development can be demonstrated. The extensional tectonics ceased during the Early Cretaceous. During most of the Cretaceous, regional subsidence occurred, resulting in the deposition of a uniform Lower and Upper Cretaceous succession. Marked inversion of former normal faults, particularly along NE–SW-trending faults, and development of salt diapirs occurred during the Middle Miocene, probably followed by tectonic pulses during the Late Miocene to present. The inversion was most prominent in the central and southern parts of the study area. In between these two areas affected by structural inversion, fault-controlled subsidence resulted in the formation of the Cenozoic Lower Tagus Basin. Northwest of the Nazare Fault Zone the effect of the compressional tectonic regime quickly dies out and extensional tectonic environment seems to have prevailed. The Miocene compressional stress was mainly oriented NW–SE shifting to more N–S in the southern part.     

南羌塘盆地构造演化及其油气形成与构造保存条件研究

羌塘盆地是我国陆域上面积最大的海相盆地,前人对该盆地构造演化过程及其油气远景存在截然不同的观点。以最近完成的1︰ 5万地质调查为基础,本文再次讨论了南羌塘盆地构造演化过程及其油气远景。羌塘盆地中央近东西向的羌中隆起山脉将羌塘盆地分为南、北两部分。最近的研究表明,在寒武-奥陶纪之交,南、北羌塘块体被古大洋分隔开。北羌塘盆地南缘形成的晚三叠-早侏罗世的那底岗日组火山岩,其上部为流纹岩,表明晚三叠世南羌塘块体北向俯冲于北羌塘块体之下,在南羌塘块体北部形成了富含有机质的前陆盆地。南羌塘盆地南缘发育一套代表成熟海盆的侏罗纪复理石建造,表明南羌塘南部地区在早侏罗世具有被动大陆边缘的特点,随着南部班公-怒江洋的扩张,在南、北羌塘块体内分别沉积了侏罗纪-早白垩世的浅海相地层,以富含有机质礁灰岩为特征。盆地内部孕育了巨厚的晚白垩-古新世陆源碎屑岩,不整合覆盖于早期海相沉积岩之上,表明在该时期南羌塘块体逐渐从被动大陆边缘海相盆地转变为陆相盆地。新生代时期,印度与亚洲大陆持续汇聚,南羌塘盆地南向逆冲于拉萨块体之上,盆地内发育了多条大型逆冲断裂带,再次将盆地内部的上三叠统、侏罗系、白垩系富含有机质的海相礁灰岩深埋,这有利于油气资源的生成与保存。横跨南羌塘盆地的构造剖面显示盆地内部主要大型逆冲断裂带之间,构造变形较弱,发育宽缓的向斜构造,向斜核部发育新生代陆相地层,推测该新生代陆相地层之下保存有深埋的富含有机质的海相地层,因此,南羌塘盆地逆冲断裂带下盘和宽缓向斜核部区域可能具有良好的油气资源前景。     

Stratigraphic and structural evolution of the Blue Nile Basin,Northwestern Ethiopian Plateau

The Blue Nile Basin, situated in the Northwestern Ethiopian Plateau, contains ∼1400 m thick Mesozoic sedimentary section underlain by Neoproterozoic basement rocks and overlain by Early–Late Oligocene and Quaternary volcanic rocks. This study outlines the stratigraphic and structural evolution of the Blue Nile Basin based on field and remote sensing studies along the Gorge of the Nile. The Blue Nile Basin has evolved in three main phases: (1) pre‐sedimentation phase, include pre‐rift peneplanation of the Neoproterozoic basement rocks, possibly during Palaeozoic time; (2) sedimentation phase from Triassic to Early Cretaceous, including: (a) Triassic–Early Jurassic fluvial sedimentation (Lower Sandstone, ∼300 m thick); (b) Early Jurassic marine transgression (glauconitic sandy mudstone, ∼30 m thick); (c) Early–Middle Jurassic deepening of the basin (Lower Limestone, ∼450 m thick); (d) desiccation of the basin and deposition of Early–Middle Jurassic gypsum; (e) Middle–Late Jurassic marine transgression (Upper Limestone, ∼400 m thick); (f) Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous basin‐uplift and marine regression (alluvial/fluvial Upper Sandstone, ∼280 m thick); (3) the post‐sedimentation phase, including Early–Late Oligocene eruption of 500–2000 m thick Lower volcanic rocks, related to the Afar Mantle Plume and emplacement of ∼300 m thick Quaternary Upper volcanic rocks. The Mesozoic to Cenozoic units were deposited during extension attributed to Triassic–Cretaceous NE–SW‐directed extension related to the Mesozoic rifting of Gondwana. The Blue Nile Basin was formed as a NW‐trending rift, within which much of the Mesozoic clastic and marine sediments were deposited. This was followed by Late Miocene NW–SE‐directed extension related to the Main Ethiopian Rift that formed NE‐trending faults, affecting Lower volcanic rocks and the upper part of the Mesozoic section. The region was subsequently affected by Quaternary E–W and NNE–SSW‐directed extensions related to oblique opening of the Main Ethiopian Rift and development of E‐trending transverse faults, as well as NE–SW‐directed extension in southern Afar (related to northeastward separation of the Arabian Plate from the African Plate) and E–W‐directed extensions in western Afar (related to the stepping of the Red Sea axis into Afar). These Quaternary stress regimes resulted in the development of N‐, ESE‐ and NW‐trending extensional structures within the Blue Nile Basin. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南华北盆地断裂构造特征与油气勘探

南华北盆地主要发育3期断裂:第一期是在三叠纪末挤压构造背景下形成的逆冲断裂,断裂走向以近E-W向为主、主要由南向北逆冲;第二期是与晚侏罗世一早白垩世构造运动相关的走滑拉张断裂,断裂走向以NNE向为主,左行走滑,常沿印支期挤压断裂带发育;第三期是与晚白垩世一古近纪构造运动相关的正断裂,断裂走向以近S・N向或NEE向为主。三叠纪末印支期断裂的冲断抬升作用一方面使该区主力炷源岩石炭一二叠系受严重剥蚀,另一方面破坏了炷源岩的连续性和稳定性;晚侏罗世一早白垩世的走滑拉张断裂与印支期断裂一起,呈棋盘格式平面切割了南华北盆地,与之伴生的火成岩对绘源岩也有一定的破坏作用;晚白垩世一古近纪的拉张断裂则进一步加强了坯源岩的不连续性。后两期拉张断裂常常通天,对前期形成的油气藏有一定的破坏作用。因此,对于南华北盆地的油气勘探,需要避开走滑断裂或拉张断裂,避开火成岩体;针对上古生界,要寻找连续性较好的绘源岩层;针对中、新生界,要寻找有利于绘源岩发育的沉积相带。     

山东鲁西地块断裂构造分布型式与中生代沉积—岩浆—构造演化序列

鲁西地块的断裂构造有两类不同分布型式:一类呈放射状分布, 由陡倾、基底右行韧性剪切带和盖层内复杂力学性质的断裂组成; 另一类呈环绕地块基底核部同心环状分布, 由3个主要盖层伸展拆离带组成, 主滑脱面分别位于古生界盖层与基底间的不整合面、石炭系与奥陶系之间的平行不整合面和中新生代断陷-沉积岩系与新生代火山-沉积物之间的断层。中生代构造变形样式可以分为3个层次:印支期褶皱-逆冲推覆构造、燕山中期NNE轴向的隔槽式箱状褶皱和燕山晚期NW、NNE向共轭正断-走滑断裂。相应地鲁西地块经历了3个成盆期, 即早-中侏罗世、早白垩世和晚白垩世, 这些中生代盆地在空间上的叠置导致了地块内部复杂的盆-山耦合关系。鲁西地块中生代有两个岩浆活动集中时期, 即早侏罗世(约190Ma)和早白垩世(132~110Ma)。综合沉积记录、岩浆活动和构造变形过程, 将鲁西地块中生代构造演化历史划分为6个阶段:晚三叠世挤压变形, 早、中侏罗世弱伸展作用, 中、晚侏罗世挤压变形与地壳增厚作用, 早白垩世大陆裂谷与地壳伸展作用, 早白垩世末期挤压变形与盆地反转事件和晚白垩世区域隆升。这些构造演化阶段和构造事件对研究和理解中生代构造体制和深部岩石圈动力学转换过程具有重要意义。      

西藏羌塘盆地东部中生代构造古地理特征及演化

在大量的区域地质调研和野外露头观测资料基础上,详细研究了西藏羌塘盆地东部中生代不同构造单元的沉积充填序列、地层发育特征与接触关系、构造界面性质、沉积体系配置和沉积相分布等,阐述了盆地沉积与周缘构造带演化之间的耦合关系,重建了研究区中生代不同时期的构造古地理面貌。研究表明,羌塘盆地是一个大型叠复式盆地,盆地东部中生代有海相、海陆过渡相和陆相3个沉积体系组、9个沉积体系和多个沉积（亚）相。盆地内部包括南羌塘坳陷、北羌塘坳陷、唐古拉山隆起带,以及不同时期的次级凸起与断凹等构造单元。其中,多玛断凹是以前石炭纪构造片岩为基底的侏罗纪-早白垩世早期被动大陆边缘陆表海盆地,早白垩世晚期转换为前陆盆地,晚白垩世以来与索县-左贡断凹联合为一体,在陆内造山过程中经历了压陷型盆地充填演化阶段。索县-左贡断凹是在晚三叠世班公湖-怒江沟-弧-盆体系基础上发展起来的前陆盆地。北羌塘坳陷是以华力西期开心岭-杂多隆起带为基底,经过晚三叠世昌都前陆盆地沉积、早侏罗世断陷盆地火山-沉积作用之后,于中侏罗世与索县-左贡断凹联合为一体,形成北羌塘-昌都巨型坳陷型盆地。白垩纪北羌塘陆块和昌都陆块处于隆升剥蚀状态。     

渤海湾地区的中生代盆地构造概论

根据 1∶5 0万渤海湾新生代盆地区基岩地质图揭示的残留中生代地层的分布及构造变形特征 ,渤海湾地区的中生代盆地可以分为 5期。早—中三叠世、晚三叠世盆地为克拉通内部大型坳陷盆地 ,其中晚三叠世盆地仅分布在渤海湾西南部地区。早—中侏罗世盆地分布于印支运动形成的向斜坳陷核部 ,属于压陷挠曲型盆地。晚侏罗世—早白垩世盆地分布广泛 ,属于裂陷盆地 ;晚白垩世盆地属于后裂陷阶段的坳陷盆地。这些盆地受印支运动、燕山运动影响而发生反转。印支运动在渤海湾地区的东、西部的表现有明显差异。西部变形弱、以近EW向宽缓褶皱变形为主 ,东部变形强、并叠加了NE向褶皱和逆冲断层变形。早燕山运动使渤海湾地区形成宽缓的大型NE向褶皱变形 ,并使早—中侏罗世盆地发生反转和逆冲断层变形 ;中、晚燕山运动基本没有在渤海湾地区形成褶皱构造变形 ,而是表现为晚侏罗—早白垩世盆地和晚白垩世盆地的区域性反转隆升。下—中侏罗统沉积之后 ,渤海湾地区的构造格局发生基本变革 ,进入以裂陷盆地为主的构造演化时期。     

海拉尔盆地构造演化及油气勘探前景

海拉尔盆地为海西褶皱基底上发育的晚中生代—古近纪断-坳陷盆地,控盆的边界断裂主要为北东向和北北东向,形成于早白垩世,之后经受了多期反转。海拉尔盆地的沉积可划分为3大构造层:兴安岭群上段、铜钵庙组和南屯组为断陷构造层,大磨拐河组和伊敏组为断-坳转换构造层,上白垩统青元岗组和古近系为坳陷构造层。该盆地在古近纪发生萎缩并闭合,在近东西向的挤压力作用下形成北东向的反转构造带,为油气的聚集提供了良好的圈闭。新近纪开始新一阶段的拉张和沉陷。该地的新构造运动相当活跃,本文论述了其主要表现为断陷湖盆的形成、地表径流的分布和断阶构造的发育,指出其特征为继承性和加强性,使盆地发育阶段的坳(凹)陷在新近纪内进一步沉陷。在此基础上讨论了海拉尔盆地的油气勘探前景。     

Latest Triassic to Early Jurassic Thrusting and Exhumation in the Southern Ordos Basin,North China: Evidence from LA‐ICP‐MS‐based Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology

The contractional structures in the southern Ordos Basin recorded critical evidence for the interaction between Ordos Basin and Qinling Orogenic Collage. In this study, we performed apatite fission track(AFT) thermochronology to unravel the timing of thrusting and exhumation for the Laolongshan-Shengrenqiao Fault(LSF) in the southern Ordos Basin. The AFT ages from opposite sides of the LSF reveal a significant latest Triassic to Early Jurassic time-temperature discontinuity across this structure. Thermal modeling reveals at the latest Triassic to Early Jurassic, a ~50°C difference in temperature between opposite sides of the LSF currently exposed at the surface. This discontinuity is best interpreted by an episode of thrusting and exhumation of the LSF with ~1.7 km of net vertical displacement during the latest Triassic to Early Jurassic. These results, when combined with earlier thermochronological studies, stratigraphic contact relationship and tectono-sedimentary evolution, suggest that the southern Ordos Basin experienced coeval intense tectonic contraction and developed a north-vergent fold-and-thrust belt. Moreover, the southern Ordos Basin experienced a multi-stage differential exhumation during Mesozoic, including the latest Triassic to Early Jurassic and Late Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous thrust-driven exhumation as well as the Late Cretaceous overall exhumation. Specifically, the two thrust-driven exhumation events were related to tectonic stress propagation derived from the latest Triassic to Early Jurassic continued compression from Qinling Orogenic Collage and the Late Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous intracontinental orogeny of Qinling Orogenic Collage, respectively. By contrast, the Late Cretaceous overall exhumation event was related to the collision of an exotic terrain with the eastern margin of continental China at ~100 Ma.     

冀西北尚义盆地中生代沉积特征及古地理*

尚义盆地形成于早侏罗世-早白垩世,盆地内沉积了一套以紫红色、灰绿色陆源碎屑岩为主的地层,仅在晚侏罗世-早白垩世地层局部夹薄层玄武安山质火山岩。通过系统分析尚义盆地的沉积岩、沉积相带展布特征及古水流、砾石成分等,分析了早侏罗世-早白垩世盆地的物源区、汇水中心及古气候的演化,恢复了早侏罗世-早白垩世盆地古地理格局。同时,在前人研究基础上,结合尚义盆地的沉积-充填样式,重点总结和综合分析了盆地内熔积岩、辉绿岩、边界断层等的发育特征,初步推断晚侏罗世-早白垩世尚义盆地为伸展断陷盆地。     

Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Southeast China Block: New insights from basin analysis

In order to better understand the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of Southeast China Block (SECB in short), this paper describes geological features of Mesozoic basins that are widely distributed in the SECB. The analyzed data are derived from a regional geological investigation on various Mesozoic basins and a recently compiled 1:1,500,000 geological map of Mesozoic–Cenozoic basins. Two types of basin are distinguished according to their tectonic settings, namely, the post-orogenic basin (Type I) and the intracontinental extensional basin (Type II); the latter includes the graben and the half-graben or faulted-depression basins. Our studies suggest that the formation of these basins connects with the evolution of geotectonics of the SECB. The post-orogenic basin (Type I) was formed in areas from the piedmont to the intraland during the interval from Late Triassic to Early Jurassic; and the formation of the intracontinental extensional basin (Type II) connects with an intracontinental crustal thinning setting in the Late Mesozoic. The graben basin was generated during the Middle Jurassic and is associated with a bimodal volcanic eruption; and the half-graben or faulted-depression basin, filled mainly by the rhyolite, tuff and sedimentary rocks during Early Cretaceous, is occupied by the Late Cretaceous–Paleogene red-colored terrestrial clastic rocks. We noticed that the modern outcrops of numerous granites and basins occur in a similar level, and the Mesozoic granitic bodies contact with the adjacent basins by large normal faults, suggesting that the modern landforms between granites and basins were yielded by the late crustal movement. The modern basin and range framework was settled down in the Cretaceous. Abundant sedimentary structures are found in the various basins, from that the deposited environments and paleo-currents are concluded; during the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic time, the source areas were situated to the north and northeast sides of the outcrop region. In this paper, we present the study results on one geological and geographical separating unit and two separating fault zones. The Wuyi orogenic belt is a Late Mesozoic paleo-geographically separating unit, the Ganjiang fault zone behaves as the western boundary of Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks, and the Zhenghe–Dapu fault zone separates the SE-China Coastal Late Mesozoic volcanic-sedimentary basins and the Wuyi orogenic belt. Finally, we discuss the geodynamic mechanisms forming various basins, proposing a three-stage model of the Mesozoic sedimentary evolution.     

燕山东段～下辽河地区中新生代断裂演化与构造期次

通过对燕山东段～下辽河盆地中新生代断裂演化分析,认为中新生代该区共经历了中三叠世末,早侏罗世末,晚侏罗世末,白垩纪末和老第三纪末５期挤压作用。每期挤压作用都形成相应的挤压构造形迹,使得早期盆地萎缩或消亡,或对早期盆地进行改造使其反转。此外,该区还曾经历了中晚侏罗世,白垩纪和新生代３个明显的伸展作用阶段,形成中晚侏罗世断裂盆地,白垩纪断陷盆地和新生代裂谷盆地,构造演化过程中挤压作用和伸展作用交替出现     

渤海湾中部中、新生代构造演化与潜山的形成

渤海湾盆地是华北克拉通东部的晚中—新生代断陷盆地,其东部为西太平洋活动大陆边缘,经历了多期不同性质的构造运动叠加。目前对渤海湾地区中—新生代的构造期次划分及各期次构造运动的应力状态的认识仍存在较大的争议。潜山是盆地沉积之前就已形成的基岩古地貌山,后被新地层覆盖而成,潜山内幕所保留的先存断裂及潜山与上覆盖层之间的接触关系为研究盆地构造运动提供了依据。本文以渤中19-6潜山构造为例,基于三维地震资料的精细解释、结合相干剖面及钻井资料进行系统构造解析,建立渤中19-6潜山构造演化新模型,并探讨了华北克拉通东缘的区域构造演化。研究结果表明:(1)渤中19-6潜山构造西部以一系列S-N向雁列式正断层为界,断层东侧为隆起的渤中19-6潜山构造,西侧为低洼的沙南凹陷。古潜山最早形成于晚三叠世,早白垩世形成如今以S-N向正断层为界的东隆西降的潜山构造格局;(2)渤中19-6潜山构造西部边界S-N向断裂以及上覆地层中存在的E-W向断裂为两侧大型走滑带间雁列式断裂构造,是该潜山构造储层形成的重要控制因素;(3)该潜山受华北板块与扬子板块剪刀式闭合碰撞和古太平洋板块NNW向俯冲的多重影响,中生代以来,共经历了印支早期挤压隆起、印支晚期伸展改造、燕山早期左行压扭改造、燕山中期左行伸展改造、燕山晚期左行压扭改造、喜山期右行伸展埋藏6个阶段的发育演化。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘前陆盆地构造-沉积响应

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘前陆地区在晚三叠世-中侏罗世经历了印支运动和燕山运动早期的影响,西缘整体抬升,西南和西北两个造山带开始显现,古地理为继承性的南湖北河格局,此时秦岭造山带的形成使西南地区由滨海相向湖沼相过渡。晚侏罗世-早白垩世是西缘地区前陆盆地形成时期,燕山中期逆冲推覆作用强烈,该区地层角度不整合发育,沉积记录的响应表现为南北向隆坳相间的前陆盆地格局,有别于前陆盆地形成始于晚三叠世的认识。晚白垩世-新生代是喜山运动的后期改造时期,地层角度不整合发育,沉积响应为平原沼泽相沉积。     

中国滇西-泰国地区侏罗纪——第四纪盆地发育及其对比研究

 侏罗纪时东南亚大陆上形成两个大盆地,西为海相盆地,东为陆相红盆。白垩纪时大盆地闭合或解体。第三纪出现裂谷盆地,其发育受燕山期构造格局控制;拉张应力自南向北变弱,裂谷发育自南向北变晚。第四纪为上叠盆地阶段。滇西与泰国各时期盆地的对比研究有助于更好地认识其演化特征,恢复东南亚大陆侏罗纪以来不断碎裂、局部解体的历史。     

中国滇西-泰国地区侏罗纪——第四纪盆地发育及其对比研究

侏罗纪时东南亚大陆上形成两个大盆地,西为海相盆地,东为陆相红盆。白垩纪时大盆地闭合或解体。第三纪出现裂谷盆地,其发育受燕山期构造格局控制;拉张应力自南向北变弱,裂谷发育自南向北变晚。第四纪为上叠盆地阶段。滇西与泰国各时期盆地的对比研究有助于更好地认识其演化特征,恢复东南亚大陆侏罗纪以来不断碎裂、局部解体的历史。     

Geological and geodynamic reconstruction of the East Barents megabasin from analysis of the 4-AR regional seismic profile

The article considers problems related to the geological structure and geodynamic history of sedimentary basins of the Barents Sea. We analyze new seismic survey data obtained in 2005–2016 to refine the geological structure model for the study area and to render it in more detail. Based on the data of geological surveys in adjacent land (Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, and Kolguev Island), drilling, and seismic survey, we identified the following geodynamic stages of formation of the East Barents megabasin: Late Devonian rifting, the onset of postrift sinking and formation of the deep basin in Carboniferous–Permian, unique (in terms of extent) and very rapid sedimentation in the Early Triassic, continued thermal sinking with episodes of inversion vertical movements in the Middle Triassic–Early Cretaceous, folded pressure deformations that formed gently sloping anticlines in the Late Cretaceous–Cenozoic, and glacial erosion in the Quaternary. We performed paleoreconstructions for key episodes in evolution of the East Barents megabasin based on the 4-AR regional profile. From the geometric modeling results, we estimated the value of total crustal extension caused by Late Devonian rifting for the existing crustal model.     

A Review of the Bentong-Raub Suture vis-à-vis New Insight of the Tectonic Evolution of Malay Peninsula,South East Asia

Genesis of the so‐called Bentong‐Raub Suture of Malay Peninsula does not fit to the model of subduction‐related collision. It has evolved from transpression tectonics resulting closure and exhumation of the inland basin which underwent extensive back‐arc extension during Triassic. Crust having similar thickness (average ～35 km) below entire Malay Peninsula nagate collision of two separate continental blocks rather supports single continental block that collided with South China continental block during Permo‐Triassic. Westward subduction of intervening sea (Proto South China Sea) below Malay Peninsula resulted in widespread I‐ and S‐Type granitization and volcanism in the back‐arc basins during Triassic. Extensive occurrence of Permo‐Triassic Pahang volcanics of predominantly rhyolitic tuff suggest its derivation from back‐arc extension. Back‐arc extension, basin development and sedimentation of the central belt of the peninsula continued until Cretaceous. A‐Type granite of metaluminous to peraluminous character indicates their emplacement in an intraplate tectonic setting. Malay Peninsula suffered an anticlockwise rotation due to the rifting of Luconia–Dangerous Grounds from the east Asia in the Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary. Extensive ductile and brittle deformation including crustal segmentation, pull‐apart fracturing and faulting occurred during the closure and exhumation of the basins developed in the peninsula during Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary. Crustal shortening in the central belt of the peninsula has been accomodated through strike‐slip displacement, shearing and uplift.     

郯庐断裂带肥东段烟头山及桃源地区构造变形特征研究

郯庐断裂带肥东段烟头山及桃源地区,发育多条左行韧性剪切带,岩性以糜棱岩和糜棱岩化片麻岩为主,岩石变形强烈。通过详细的野外观测及室内分析发现：肥东北部烟头山及桃园地区几何学形态呈一背形构造,其枢纽走向NE-SW,轴面倾向SE,自核部向两翼岩性出露具有一定的规律性和对称性。古应力方向及运动学涡度研究表明：研究区内构造体主要受到近南北方向的挤压,涡度值W_k在0.73～0.90之间,指示区域内的韧性剪切活动以简单剪切为主。对区内变形岩石展开精细化的构造变形分析,包括石英的分形特征、变质变形温度估计、差应力和应变速率的计算等,结果显示：区内动态重结晶石英颗粒边界具有统计学上的自相似性,分维值D在1.111～1.187之间,变质变形温度集中在520 ℃～610 ℃之间,为高绿片岩相到低角闪岩相变质;韧性剪切带的差异应力Δσ介于18.493～95.266 MPa之间,应变速率ε范围在5.418×10^-15 s^-1～4.748×10^-11 s^-1之间。对比以上参数发现：韧性剪切带核部和背形转折端附近,岩石变形强烈,变质变形温度高,动态重结晶石英颗粒粒径较小,分维值较大,差异应力和应变速率也较大,远离剪切带核部和背形两翼则相反。本文从几何学、运动学特征以及显微构造变形分析等方面展开精细化研究,对进一步认识郯庐断裂带乃至大型韧性剪切带的构造样式和演化过程有着重要的意义。     

Late Triassic rifting and Jurassic–Cretaceous passive margin development of the Southern Neotethys: evidence from the Adıyaman area,SE Turkey

Evidence of rifting and continental break-up to form the S Neotethys is found within the volcanic-sedimentary Koçali Complex. This is a folded, thrust-imbricated succession that includes lavas, volcaniclastic sediments, pelagic carbonates, radiolarites and manganiferous deposits. Interbedded ribbon cherts contain radiolarians of Late Triassic to Late Jurassic age. The lower part of the succession of Mid?-Late Triassic age (Tarasa Formation) is dominated by enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt (E-MORB). The overlying Late Triassic to Mid-Jurassic interval (Konak Formation) is characterised by intercalations of ocean island basalt and E-MORB. Taking account of structural position, the basalts erupted within the outer part of a continent–ocean transition zone. Continental break-up probably occurred during the Late Triassic (Carnian–Norian). Early to Mid-Jurassic lavas and volcaniclastic sediments record volcanism probably after continental break-up. In addition, the Karadut Complex is a broken formation that is located at a relatively low structural position just above the Arabian foreland. Pelagic carbonates, redeposited carbonates and radiolarites predominate. Radiolarians are dated as Early to Mid-Jurassic and Late Cretaceous in age. The pelagic carbonates include planktic foraminifera of Late Cretaceous age. The Karadut Complex resulted from the accumulation of calcareous gravity flows, pelagic carbonate and radiolarites in a relatively proximal, base-of-slope setting. After continental break-up, MORB and ophiolitic rocks formed within the S Neotethys further north. Tectonic emplacement onto the Arabian platform took place by earliest Maastrichtian time. Regional interpretation is facilitated by comparisons with examples of Triassic rifting and continental break-up in the eastern Mediterranean region and elsewhere.