珠江口盆地低阻油层饱和度评价方法

珠江口盆地的低阻油层具有高泥质含量、低电阻率以及低产能的特点, 其真实含油饱和度的确定存在很大的困难。首先分析了区域低阻油层的地质成因, 指出地层束缚水含量高, 以及由此形成的发达的导电网络是导致油层低阻的主要原因;在此基础上, 利用多种适合于泥质砂岩地层的饱和度模型进行计算, 并根据密闭取心资料, 重点分析了在不同地层条件下, 对岩样含油、水饱和度进行脱气校正、压实校正、体积系数校正以及漏失校正的方法;并结合核磁共振测井, 对测井计算的含水饱和度进行标定。结果显示, 低阻油层的含水饱和度平均在70%以上, 且印度尼西亚公式计算的含水饱和度与岩心校正后的饱和度以及核磁束缚水饱和度吻合均很好, 因此印度尼西亚公式是最适合本区域低阻油层的饱和度评价模型。     

永北地区砂、砾岩油藏油气富集规律及滚动勘探开发

以永北地区砂、砾岩油藏的勘探开发为例,以井点分析为基础,综合应用地震、测井、地质和试油试采等资料,对主要含油层系沙四－沙三段砂、砾岩体进行了整体解剖和综合分析。通过高分辨层序地层研究,建立了沙四－沙三段层序地层单元格架,揭示了砂、砾岩体成因类型及内部结构;应用油气成藏系统理论开展了油气成藏体系研究,确定了油气藏类型、控制因素及时空展布规律,建立了符合本区的砂、砾岩体油气成藏模式;最后总结出本区沙四     

山东东营车镇凹陷古近系流体异常高压及其对深层碎屑岩储集层的影响

受流体异常高压影响而发育的异常孔隙(砂)砾岩储集层成为深层油气储集层和油气勘探研究的热点之一.测井、钻井及试油结果揭示,车镇凹陷古近系沙河街组广泛存在流体异常高压,且与(砂)砾岩储集层含油性及产能具有密切关系.在试油地层压力实测数据标定下,利用测井资料等效深度法对古近系沙河街组分层系、分地区进行了地层压力计算.计算结果...     

储层原始含油饱和度计算方法研究

储层原始含油饱和度是评价储层的重要指标 ,它的计算方法有 :岩心直接测定方法、间接确定法和毛管压力曲线计算方法。简要地讨论了这几种方法 ,重点探讨了利用毛管压力曲线计算储层原始含油饱和度的方法 ,针对该方法目前使用中存在的问题进行了改进 ,并在该方法的理论基础上 ,结合新疆塔里木盆地北部的实例 ,提出一种便于利用毛管压力曲线计算储层原始含油饱和度的适用方法     

基于沉积微相-岩石相建立砾岩油藏测井参数解释模型

为了进一步提高砾岩储层测井参数的解释精度,为计算储量提供合理的参数,以克拉玛依油田六中区克下组为例,从其砾岩油藏主控因素的沉积微相-岩石相角度出发,首先利用密闭取心井资料识别出辫状水道砂砾岩相、辫状水道粗砂岩相、辫流砂坝砂砾岩相、辫流砂坝粗砂岩相、漫流带粉砂岩相5种类型的沉积微相-岩石相,然后建立了不同沉积微相-岩石相的孔隙度、渗透率、含油饱和度测井解释模型,最后用取心井进行误差分析。结果表明,各项参数的解释精度都有不同程度的提高,相对误差降低幅度分别平均为：孔隙度3.09%,渗透率6.95%,饱和度5.38%。     

常压密闭取芯含油饱和度校正新方法

常压密闭取心在起钻过程中,由于降压脱气作用,使得分析含油饱和度与实际值有所偏差。对于纯油层,岩心中没有可动水,可以用1-Swi来校正含油饱和度,但对于开发中后期的油田而言,由于地层中存在可动水,油水均有一定损失,再用1-Swi来校正含油饱和度,就会造成含油饱和度过大,需要寻找一种新的方法进行校正。     

伊通盆地鹿乡断陷C区块含油饱和度与含油性分析

综合研究伊通盆地鹿乡断陷双二段储层的岩性、含油性和含油饱和度,确定了适用于本区的含油饱和度计算方法,并与实际含油性进行了对比,分析了沉积和构造对含油性的影响。研究区双二段含油储层的岩性以粉砂岩、细砂岩和砂砾岩为主,含油级别为荧光级以上。根据阿尔奇公式计算出的含油饱和度大部分与实际的含油性相符合,并将含油饱和度70%、50%和38%值作为本区气层、油层、油水层和水层的区分标准。本区储层的含油性受到沉积和构造两方面的控制,沉积作用主要控制储层的岩石结构和物性,构造控制油气的聚集,即在构造高部位,实际含油饱和度比计算结果要高,而在构造低部位,实际含油饱和度比计算结果要低。     

准噶尔盆地玛湖1井区下乌尔禾组油层识别标准研究

玛湖1井区下乌尔禾组整体勘探程度不高,储层评价中缺少准确油层识别标准,需建立正确区分识别储层流体性质的油层识别标准。通过全区岩电参数和地层水电阻率平面分布规律分析,保证单井含水饱和度计算精度;基于玛湖1井区下乌尔禾组储层四性关系分析,明确下乌尔禾组电性-含油性和物性关系;结合深电阻率、测井计算含水饱和度、测试资料及岩心含油性资料,建立玛湖1井区下乌尔禾组油层识别标准;定义含油孔隙度参数,将油层划分为Ⅰ类油层、Ⅱ类油层和Ⅲ类油层3个等级。该油层识别及油层等级标准能快速有效确定玛湖1井区下乌尔禾组储层流体性质,为该区储量计算和产能评价提供支撑。     

双探测器碳氧比测井技术及其应用

通过向地层发射快中子并测量中子反应产生的伽玛射线能谱能够确定套管外面地层的含油饱和度。非弹性中子反应产生的伽玛射线能谱可以给出地层中碳、氧含量信息，进而可以得到含油饱和度。在地层水矿化度非常低或未知时，该测井技术在套管中尤为有用。     

核磁共振测井在低孔低渗油气层识别中的应用

核磁共振测井具有常规测井无法比拟的优势，它可直观准确地提供储集层的孔隙度、渗透率，区分可动流体和束缚流体．根据差谱分析可以定性的识别油水层．通过求解地层的束缚流体饱和度，结合电阻率测井，采用阿尔奇饱和度解释模型，进行了油(气)层的识别和含油(气)饱和度的计算，从而拓宽了核磁共振测井资料的应用范围，为低孔低渗油(气)层的评价提供了一种新的途径．     

塔里木盆地低电阻率油层成因与评价

随着塔里木盆地油气勘探工作的深入, 相继发现了一批低电阻油层, 油层电阻率最低达0.4 5Ω·m, 与水层的电阻率几乎相当.通过对轮南侏罗系J_Ⅳ、吉拉克三叠系T_Ⅱ和哈得逊石炭系C_Ⅲ 3套低电阻油层的地质与实验分析认为, 引起低电阻的主要原因是黄铁矿的局部富集、粘土矿物以及高矿化度束缚水等的附加导电, 提出利用毛管压力资料, 建立油藏物性、油层高度与含油饱和度的关系以及采用高温高压岩电参数等不同的评价方法, 从而使计算的饱和度提高8%~ 2 5 %, 测井解释符合率上升5 %~ 8%.      

利用核磁共振和双频电阻率测井评价高矿化度地层水淹层

中原油田原始地层水矿化度很高,注入水矿化度一般低于原始地层水矿化度.根据水驱油岩电实验可知,有的储层水淹后电阻率呈"U"字形变化,其变化规律随注入水和原始地层水的矿化度比值及储层孔隙结构的不同而发生变化,使得电阻率判断储层含油性存在多解性,增加了常规测井资料识别水淹层的难度.核磁共振和双频电阻率测井新技术具有受岩性和矿化度影响小的优势,在水淹层识别上具有独到之处,在一定程度上弥补了常规测井技术的不足.通过实际应用,探讨了核磁共振和双频电阻率测井资料在中原油田高矿化度地层水淹层中的评价方法,取得良好效果,为测井新技术推广应用于水淹层评价起到了借鉴作用.     

Distribution of the Ordovician Fluid in the Tahe Oilfield and Dynamic Response of Cave System $48 to Exploitation

The Tahe Oilfield is a complex petroleum reservoir of Ordovician carbonate formation and made up of spatially overlapping fracture-cavity units. The oilfield is controlled by a cave system resulting from structure-karst cyclic sedimentation. Due to significant heterogeneity of the reservoir, the distribution of oil and water is complicated. Horizontally, a fresh water zone due to meteoric water can be found in the north part of the Akekule uplift. A marginal freshening zone caused by water released from mudstone compaction is found at the bottom of the southern slope. Located in a cross- formationai flow discharge zone caused by centripetal and the centrifugal fows, the main part of the Tahe Oilfield, featuring high salinity and concentrations of CI- and K Na , is favorable for accumulation of hydrocarbon. Three types of formation water in the Tahe Ordovician reservoir are identified: (1) residual water at the bottom of the cave after oil and gas displacement, (2) residual water in fractures/pores around the cave after oil and gas displacement, and (3) interlayer water below reservoirs. The cave system is the main reservoir space, which consists of the main cave, branch caves and depressions between caves. Taking Cave System $48 in the Ordovician reservoir as an example, the paper analyzes the fluid distribution and exploitation performance in the cave system. Owing to evaporation of groundwater during cross-formational flow, the central part of the main cave, where oil layers are thick and there is a high degree of displacement, is characterized by high salinity and Brconcentration. With high potential and a long stable production period, most wells in the central part of the main cave have a long water-free oil production period. Even after water breakthrough, the water content has a slow or stepwise increase and the hydrochemistral characteristics of the produced water in the central part of the main cave are uniform. From the center to the edge of the main cave, displacement and enrichment of oil/gas become weaker, residual water increases, and the salinity and concentration of Br- decrease. At the edge of the main cave, although the wells have a high deliverability at the beginning with a short stable production period and water-free production period. After water breakthrough, the pressure and deliverability drop quickly, and the water content rises quickly. The hydrochemistrai characteristics of the produced water are relatively uniform. Wells in the branch caves have a relatively low deliverability at the beginning, with a short stable production period. Water breakthrough appears quickly and then the pressure and deliverability drop quickly. The salinity and concentrations of CI-and K Na are usually fluctuant or descend slowly in the produced water. Wells in low areas of ancient karst have a low deliverability and a short stable production period. The yield drops quickly and the water content is high, while the characteristics of the produced water may vary significantly well to well. The salinity and concentrations of CI- and K, Na in the produced water are usually fluctuant with a precipitous decline.     

Distribution of the Ordovician Fluid in the Tahe Oilfield and Dynamic Response of Cave System S48 to Exploitation

The Tahe Oilfield is a complex petroleum reservoir of Ordovician carbonate formation and made up of spatially overlapping fracture-cavity units. The oilfield is controlled by a cave system resulting from structure-karst cyclic sedimentation. Due to significant heterogeneity of the reservoir, the distribution of oil and water is complicated. Horizontally, a fresh water zone due to meteoric water can be found in the north part of the Akekule uplift. A marginal freshening zone caused by water released from mudstone compaction is found at the bottom of the southern slope. Located in a crossformational flow discharge zone caused by centripetal and the centrifugal flows, the main part of the Tahe Oilfield, featuring high salinity and concentrations of CI^- and K^＋＋Na^＋, is favorable for accumulation of hydrocarbon. Three types of formation water in the Tahe Ordovician reservoir are identified： （1） residual water at the bottom of the cave after oil and gas displacement, （2） residual water in fractures/pores around the cave after oil and gas displacement, and （3） interlayer water below reservoirs. The cave system is the main reservoir space, which consists of the main cave, branch caves and depressions between caves. Taking Cave System S48 in the Ordovician reservoir as an example, the paper analyzes the fluid distribution and exploitation performance in the cave system. Owing to evaporation of groundwater during cross-formational flow, the central part of the main cave, where oil layers are thick and there is a high degree of displacement, is characterized by high salinity and Br^- concentration. With high potential and a long stable production period, most wells in the central part of the main cave have a long water-free oil production period. Even after water breakthrough, the water content has a slow or stepwise increase and the hydrochemistral characteristics of the produced water in the central part of the main cave are uniform. From the center to the edge of the main cave, displacement and enri     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长2油层低阻主控因素及有效识别方法研究

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区三叠系延长组长2段发育低阻油层。为解决前人成果仅适用于局部小区块、无法应用于全区的状况,本文利用地层水分析、相渗实验、岩心物性、测井及试油资料重新对全区长2油层低阻的主控因素进行了分析,并提出了更为有效的适用于全区的判识方法。研究表明：姬塬地区长2油层低电阻率主要控制因素为高矿化度地层水、低含油饱和度、储层物性及淡水泥浆侵入,前三者大幅度降低了油层的电阻率,淡水泥浆的侵入则主要提升了水层电阻率,进一步导致了电阻率增大系数的变小。针对低阻成因的主控因素,提出了侵入因子-综合含油指数交会图法,重新建立了长2低阻油层测井识别图版,该图版与试油符合率达到了94%,能更加有效地识别姬塬地区长2低阻油层。     

油藏中CO_2矿物捕获能力研究

利用TOUGHREACT软件,根据示范工程实验区大情字井的地层条件,针对含油及非含油储层哪一条件更适宜CO_2地质储存,设置了盐水组与含油组两组方案进行对比模拟。结果显示,含油组地层水中主要离子浓度及总矿化度低于盐水组,主要固碳矿物片钠铝石的生成量和CO_2的封存量明显小于盐水组。残余油的存在降低了矿物与水溶液进行离子交换的比表面积和储层的含水饱和度,并且占据矿物沉淀空间。尽管水岩作用受限,但油藏仍然可完成CO_2地质封存,且诸多优点表明油藏仍是CO_2地质封存的有利场所。     

A Review of Formation Mechanism Study on Reservoirs with Tilted Oil-water Contacts

The distribution characteristics of the oil-water contact are the basis for the reservoir exploration and development and reserves evaluation. The reservoir with a tilted oil-water contact has a unique formation mechanism, and the understanding of its distribution and formation mechanism will directly affect the evaluations for the reservoir type, well deployment, selection of well pattern and type, determination of test section, and reserves evaluation. Based on the analysis of reservoir characteristics, petrophysical properties and geological structure in 40 reservoirs worldwide with tilted oil-water contacts, the progress of the research on the formation mechanisms of titled oil-water contacts is summarized in terms of the hydrodynamic conditions, reservoir heterogeneity, neotectonic movement and oil-gas exploitation. According to the formation mechanism of tilted oil-water contacts and the needs of exploration research, different aspects of research methods are summarized and classified, such as the calculation of equipotential surfaces for oil and water in the formation, analysis of formation pressure and analysis of reservoir physical properties and so on. Based upon statistical analysis, it is suggested that the degree of the inclination of the oil-water contact be divided based on the dip of oil-water contact(DipTOWC). The tilted oil-water contact is divided into three categories: large dip(DipTOWC≥55 m/km), medium dip(4 m/km≤DipTOWC55 m/km), and small dip(DipTOWC4 m/km). The classification and evaluation method can be combined with structure amplitude and reservoir property. The formation mechanism of domestic and international reservoirs with tilted oil-water contacts are summarized in this paper, which have important significance in guiding the exploration and development of the oilfield with tilted oil-water contacts, reserves evaluation, and well deployment.     

陕北志丹油田樊川区长61低阻油层成因分析与识别方法

陕北地区延长组发育低（特）渗储层,除发育通常的高阻油层外,还极易形成低阻油层;因此,低阻油层的发现,极大拓宽了该区石油勘探和开发的领域。根据志丹油田樊川油区长6¹的石油地质特征,结合大量实验和生产数据资料的分析对比,对该区低阻油层的成因机理及宏观控制因素进行了分析。结果表明:长6¹储层的孔隙结构复杂导致束缚水饱和度增高,高地层水矿化度、高泥质含量及放射性砂岩的存在,是低阻油层得以形成的主要原因。通过大量实际试油和测井资料的对比可见,应用计算自然电位与自然电位曲线重叠法可以快速直观显示其含油性,声波时差-深电阻率的交会图与自然伽马-深电阻率交会图相结合可有效识别低阻油层。对区内85口探井进行了测井资料的二次解释,在长6发现了初次解释所遗漏的45个低阻油层,油层数由原来的117个增加到162个,净增27.8%。     

水位变化条件下海湾水库盐分达标探讨

针对中国北方海湾水库间歇来水、连续取水和沉积物动态释盐的特点,建立水量与盐分耦合的数学模型,以青岛拟建的沐官岛水库为例,探讨水位变化条件下混合型海湾水库库水盐分的影响因素、超标风险与达标条件。模拟结果表明,在水库水位连续降低条件下,毫米量级的日蒸发量对库水盐分的累积效应显著。在不利水文条件下,受沉积物释盐、水分蒸发与人工取水的影响,混合型海湾水库长期存在盐分超标的风险。与水位不变时相反,水位降低时库水盐分浓度随着取水量的增大而升高;因此,当库水盐分存在超标风险时,可以通过减少日取水量实现库水盐分达标。为保障安全供水,在海湾水库设计与运营管理阶段,均需要综合考虑水量-盐分因素进行水库的日取水量调算。     

冀中廊固凹陷油气输导体系类型与成藏模式

针对目前廊固凹陷油气成藏机制不够清晰,油气运移和输导体系仍不明确等问题,首先从反映油气运移和输导体系通道的参数筛选入手,重点分析含蜡量和油田水矿化度随埋深的变化规律,进而根据其垂向的分布组合样式,总结出A型(常规层析型)、B型(快速通道型)和C型(孔隙—裂缝型)3种油气藏输导体系类型,并按构造区带分析了不同输导体系约束的油气藏的空间展布特征。然后研究输导体系对油气藏的深度、规模、类型和相态的控制作用。最后根据输导体系类型划分方案建立了4种成藏模式,为油气勘探方向和勘探目标的预测提供重要依据。