混合岩体化用中交代岩和铁矿形成的实验研究

通过黑龙江、天宝山和河南桐柏山混合岩化交代铁矿床的野外地质工作，并进行了高温高压下系统的模拟实验。实验结果证明了在３８０－６５０℃的温度和３００×１０＾５－７００×１０＾５Ｐａ的压力下，含Ｋ、Ｎａ卤化物的弱酸性混合岩化的热液，与太古代的变质岩经历了１２０个小时的持续交代作用，形成了这些矿区基本相一致的交代岩和铁矿，揭示了混合岩化作用中形成了交代岩和铁矿的物理化学条件。     

交代岩与其有关铁矿形成的铁质来源的模拟实验

本文采用我国各地不同交代类型的铁矿床的直接围岩——橄辉岩、辉绿岩、黑云母辉石闪长岩、石英闪长岩、凝灰质粉砂岩、晶屑玻屑凝灰岩、绢云母石英片岩、黑云母石英片岩和辉石角闪斜长麻粒岩作为实验原料,用化学试剂模拟配制了含H_2O、F,Cl和CO_2等挥发分的岩浆和岩浆期热液、火山气成热液、地下卤水和变质混合岩化热液作为反应溶液,它们在高温高压下的冷封自紧式带有黄金衬套的高压釜内相互进行作用。实验结果表明,在350—650℃的温度和(500—700)×10~5Pa的压力下,不同成分的反应溶液从不同岩石中萃取出T_(Fe)的量为5.60—3881.59mg/l,构成了含铁矿液。在高温高压下铁主要呈Fe~(2+)形式存在,析出铁的量大都随着温度升高而增加,随着pH值增加而减少。由此可见,上升的成矿溶液不断地从含铁围岩中萃取铁是交代岩及其铁矿形成的主要铁质来源之一。     

霍山地区混合岩与混合岩化作用研究

通过对1:25万临汾市幅区调混合岩与混合岩化作用的研究,认为区内混合岩化主要发育于不同构造阶段形成的片麻岩中。具代表性的岩石,按构造形态分类有:条痕—条带状混合岩化变质岩,囊团—脉状混合岩化变质岩,眼球状混合岩化变质岩;按混合岩化程度差别分类有:混合岩化变质岩,混合岩;按混合岩化的成因分类有:注入混合岩,变质交代混合岩,变质分异混合岩,深熔混合岩。     

宁芜玢岩铁矿磷灰石的稀土元素特征

文章分析了宁芜玢岩铁矿 4种产状磷灰石的稀土元素组成 ,并与Kiruna型铁矿和斜长岩、苏长岩及钛铁霞辉岩中磷灰石的稀土元素组成进行了对比。结果表明产地和母岩不同的矿床中 ,它们的磷灰石稀土元素分布型式一致 ,以轻稀土富集和Eu负异常明显为特征 ,属陆相岩浆成因。前 3种产状磷灰石的ΣREE变化于 30 31.48×10 -6～ 12 0 80× 10 -6,第 4种产状磷灰石的ΣREE仅为 195 8× 10 -6,反映岩浆演化到热液的晚期阶段成矿溶液稀土元素含量较低。尽管辉长闪长玢岩与磷灰石的稀土元素分布型式一致 ,但辉长闪长玢岩无Eu异常或有弱Eu正异常 ,代表它们的地幔源区低氧逸度的还原环境 ,或反映氧逸度较高情况下的分离结晶作用。不混溶作用形成的矿浆在冷凝过程中 ,Eu2 + 优先被透辉石捕获 ,使得稍晚结晶的磷灰石产生负Eu异常     

试论阜平杂岩的深熔作用

阜平杂岩中广泛产出浅色脉体,从而显示强烈的混合岩化作用。前人把引起混合岩化作用的机制归因于岩汁交代、重熔或无水深熔作用,似乎与实际的岩相结构不是很一致。矿物自形晶、钠长石净边结构和一些典型的矿物转化反应表明,阜平杂岩的混合岩化作用实际上经历了复杂的过程,主要表现为有水条件下的深熔作用。所形成的熔体有较大的流动性,可迁移一定的距离而进入邻近的岩石,对这些部位而言相当于发生了外来熔体的注入活动,造成熔体注入式混合岩化作用,形成一些交代反应和结构。因此,阜平杂岩混合岩化作用中的变质反应过程既包括长英质矿物的熔融(溶解),还涉及一种含水矿物(如黑云母)转化形成另外一种含水矿物(如角闪石)的化学反应。阜平杂岩的混合岩化作用最重要的机制是水致熔融或含水深熔作用,溶解性重熔或无水深熔作用则较为次要。     

乌克兰地盾钠交代岩中铀矿床矿石的矿物类型

乌克兰地盾钠交代岩中的钠矿床产生于约１８００Ｍａ之前的古地台初始活化过程中，形成于不同成分的围岩中：在东部克里沃罗日铁矿盆地的铁镁岩石中是角闪片岩、含铁石英岩、铁矿石。在中部基洛夫格勒地区为铝硅酸盐岩石－角闪石黑云母片麻岩、混合岩和花岗岩。岩石成分的差异导致在统一的热液交代作用过程中形成了不同组分的交代岩（在铁镁岩石中形成霓石钠长岩）和铀矿石。详细的研究和区域矿物学编图可将钠交代岩中的矿床矿石分为     

雅鲁藏布江西段东波超镁铁岩体经历了俯冲带流体的改造：来自铂族元素的证据

提要：东波超镁铁岩体位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带的西段,在中国是一个不多见的面积超过400 km2的大型超镁铁岩体。已有的岩石学和矿物学特征表明,该岩体与同一带中含有大型铬铁矿的罗布莎岩体可以对比,是一个寻找铬铁矿床的远景区。本文开展了东波超镁铁岩的主要组成岩石类型——方辉橄榄岩的铂族元素（PGE）研究,并结合主量和稀土元素（REE）组成,探讨岩体的成因。东波超镁铁岩中方辉橄榄岩具有相当高的Os含量（3.52×10-9~4.36×10-9）,亏损的主量元素组成和低于原始地幔的稀土元素含量（0.89×10-6~1.37×10-6）,指示东波超镁铁岩为经历过部分熔融和熔体抽取的亏损残余地幔岩石。东波超镁铁岩的PGE总含量为23.97×10-9~31.98×10-9,高于原始地幔的含量;PGE配分型式为左倾的正斜率型,相对Ir亚组铂族元素（IPGE）亏损钯亚组铂族元素（PPGE）,Pd/Ir=1.49~2.65;REE配分型式为中稀土亏损的“V”型或“U”型,原始地幔标准化元素比值（La/Sm）m 为 1.05~3.37,（Gd/Yb）m=0.28~0.64;这些数据揭示东波超镁铁岩经历过交代作用,交代物质应富集不相容元素,高PGE含量,相对IPGE富集PPGE;较低的Cu/Pd比值（1226~3448）要求交代物质还应富含硫化物;推测交代物质可能来源于俯冲带构造环境下所产生岩浆熔离出的富硫化物熔体/流体。     

甘肃的混合岩及混合岩化作用初探

甘肃是中国西部造山带发育的省份之一,中—高级区域变质岩发育,有太古宙—早元古代中、高级区域变质岩系构成的稳定克拉通,有显生宙时期在古老结晶基底上发育起来的北山、祁连山、秦岭等古生代造山带,形成了复杂多样的混合岩、混合岩化岩石。根据混合岩化的发生、发展及地质环境可将混合岩化分为区域性混合岩化、边缘混合岩化、断裂带或构造带混合岩化。根据不同程度混合岩化程度可分为混合岩化的变质岩、混合岩、混合花岗岩。初步总结了区域混合岩、注入混合岩与构造混合岩的基本特征,对比了混合岩化岩石、混合岩和混合花岗岩特征及在甘肃的分布、岩石学变化,分析了混合岩—混合花岗质岩石演化特征,对甘肃混合岩及混合岩化研究存在的问题进行了探讨,提出前人将大片的具片麻状构造的花岗岩视为混合岩是一种认识上的误区,而仅仅按混合岩化程度进行的混合岩化分类具有较大的局限性。     

龙首山钠交代岩型铀矿地球化学特征及其控矿因素

龙首山钠交代岩型铀矿化十分发育。钠交代岩几乎全由新生的钠长石及少量新生绿泥石、方解石和粉末状赤铁矿组成。钠交代岩及其中的铀矿化与花岗岩有密切的空间关系.从稳定同位素资料说明,铀主要来自花岗岩,成矿热液以再平衡混合岩浆水为主。钠交代岩及其铀矿化的空间定位受NW向大断裂及其次级近EW向断裂的控制,其多期活动有利于铀矿化形成。大型特大型钠交代岩体保存较完整是形成铀矿床的必要条件之一。铀矿体有明显的扩散晕,在物化探方法配合下,寻找盲矿。     

中国东部地幔岩中的金含量及其意义

本文分析了中国东部65件地幔岩包体及其寄主岩石中的金含量,并有重要发现。除金含量异常的样品外,玄武岩及其中地幔岩包体的金含量分别在0.2×10~(-6)～5.3×10~(-9)和1.0×10~(-9)～8.2×10~(-9)之间,其中包体平均含金3.8×10~(-9),玄武岩平均含金2.7×10~(-9)。金伯利岩及其中地幔岩包体的     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。