辽东连山关早前寒武纪铀矿床地质特征及成矿模式

近年来,在世界许多古老地台区的下元古宙地层中发现了大量铀矿床。连山关地区具有与澳大利亚、加拿大等国家前寒武纪铀矿床类似的某些地质条件。目前已在太古宙花岗杂岩体与下元古宙沉积变质岩系接触带附近发现一些矿化现象,并且找到一处铀矿床。本文根据历年工作成果,着重讨论该矿床的成矿地质条件,矿化特征及成矿模式等问题。     

新疆前震旦纪地层划分及地壳演化

根据变质地质学的观点,新疆的前震旦纪地层可划分为太古界、下元古界和中一上无古界,它们在岩石组合、原岩建造、变质作用类型及形成环境等方面具有明显的区别,同时表明古西北陆台具有与古华北陆台完全不同的地质发展历史。     

新疆东昆仑西段北带古元古界浅变质岩与钨锡成矿远景

分布于白干湖一带的下元古界小庙岩组为一套由绢云石英片岩、二云片岩、大理岩等组成的浅变质岩,该地层严格受白干湖断裂的控制,分布于断裂北缘,加里东期中酸性岩浆岩侵位于该套地层。白干湖钨锡矿田即产于该套地层中,受元古界地层、昆中断裂及加里东期岩浆岩"三位一体"的控制。该矿田是祁曼塔格成矿带上的重要地质找矿成果。在吐拉一带的下元古界苦海岩群岩性组合为绢云石英片岩、绢云片岩、大理岩等,其分布范围受昆中断裂的控制,区内海西期中酸性岩浆岩广泛发育。本文通过对下元古界小庙岩组和苦海岩群、加里东期和海西期中酸性岩浆岩的岩性特征和地球化学特征分析,总结两个区内成矿背景,并结合前人对该区的研究认识及野外勘查,最终提出吐拉一带下元古界苦海岩群中具有与白干湖地区类似的钨锡成矿远景。     

山西省岚县袁家村铁建造的沉积相和形成条件分析

山西省岚县袁家村铁矿为产于下元古界吕梁群袁家村组的沉积变质层控铁矿。山西省地质局218地质队、区调队、岚县铁矿会战指挥部、215地质队等单位,先后在该区做了大量的地质工作,取得了很多的地质成果。我们在前人工作基础上,对9线以南铁建造的沉积相和形成条件开展了一些工作,提出了初浅的看法。谬误不当之处,希批评指正。     

辽东—吉南地区下元古界含硼岩系的厘定

辽东—吉南地区下元古界产有丰富的硼矿资源,半个多世纪以来几乎所有硼矿地质勘查报告、有关论文、专著等无不涉及含硼岩系。含硼岩系称谓比较混乱,有"下元古界含硼岩系"、"宽甸群含硼岩系"、"集安群含硼岩系"、"辽河群里尔峪组含硼岩系"、"辽东岩群含硼岩系"以及"含硼层含硼岩系"等多种称谓。通过编纂《中国矿产地质志·硼矿卷》,对辽吉硼矿进行了新一轮研究,摒弃了过去多种称谓的乱象,厘定集安群新开河组为含硼岩系。     

辽东—吉南地区下元古界硼矿床成因的商榷——兼论容矿大理岩及硼矿矿床的成因

辽东—吉南地区下元古界产有丰富的硼矿资源,半个多世纪以来几乎所有硼矿地质勘查报告及有关论文、专著等无不涉及矿床成因。关于硼矿床成因主要有沉积变质成矿、沉积变质再造成矿、超变质热液成矿等3种观点(称传统观点,下同),传统观点认为硼的成矿物质来源于下元古界地层,经混合岩化或超变质热液将地层中分散的硼活化、迁移至镁质大理岩富集成矿。在编纂《中国矿产地质志·硼矿卷》过程中,对辽吉硼矿进行了新一轮研究,认为传统观点硼矿床成因值得商榷,并提出碳酸岩岩浆期后含硼热液交代早期喷溢的碳酸岩成矿的论说。     

铀—铅法同位素年龄测试数据

在新疆库鲁克塔格地区下元古界兴地塔格群和侵入于下元古界的含蛭石超基性岩岩体中,首次获得了两组铀—铅法同位素年龄数据.该样品是新疆地质矿产局第三地质大队所采集,由北京第三研究所测定的.其中采自下元古界兴地塔格群辛格尔组混合岩(混合花岗岩)中的锆石年龄为1912±12.1百万年.这些锆石据黄存换研究均属于经过搬运而再沉积的次生锆石.因此,上述年龄数据老于辛格尔组沉积时的年龄.     

渡口三家村金矿床地质特征及成因初探

区域地质概述 矿床位于扬子准地台西缘,康滇地轴中段,大田复背斜南南东翼。 区内出露地层主要是下元古宇康定群大田组深变质——混合岩系,其次是中元古宇河口中级变质岩系。金矿就赋存在河口群落函组上段火山——沉积变质岩中。 大田组是区内最古老的地层。邻区——米易、同德等地区相当于本组地层的同位素年龄值多为17.13——19.58亿年,最大年龄值为29.5亿年。由此推断,区内的康定群与我国北方的滹沱群、辽河群等地层相当,可能属下元古宇休伦界。     

浅析山西省原平市笔架山金矿区地球化学特征及找矿标志

山西省原平市笔架山金矿位于原平市东南部,通过对矿体区域地质背景、矿区地质特征、金地球化学异常特征、矿体地质特征等的综合分析研究,认为该区金矿体主要赋存于下元古界滹沱群四集庄组二段地层中,五台群为成矿物质的重要来源;金的分布与变质砾岩相和岩石组合有关,变形变质及燕山期次火山岩浆热液叠加改造为金矿化富集成矿的重要因素。     

太行山区元古代早期和中期地层的古地磁学测定结果及其地质意义

最近十余年来,我国古地磁学工作者曾对南方震旦纪地层以及北方蓟县的元古代地层做过一些古地磁学测定,并且对某些地质现象进行了解释。但是,对再早一些时期岩石的古地磁学研究仍属空白。地球的基本磁场主要起源于地球内部,它的参量必然反映地球的内部特征。按照地磁场的轴向地心偶极子假定,古地磁学的典型研究成果——视古地磁极移动轨迹应与地壳的构造发育演化过程有着内在的联系。太行山区是华北地台中、下元古界一个颇为发育的地区,本文简要报道作者对分布在该区地质年龄约为-2300百万年至-1650百万年的滹沱超群和长城系的古地磁学初步测定结果,并结合太行山区元古代早期和中期的大地构造问题提出粗浅的看法。     

径潮动力对长江河口滞流点的影响

为研究三峡蓄水后滞流点的时空变化规律,应用ECOMSED模型模拟长江河口在不同径流、潮流作用下的水流动态过程。结果表明:北支大洪水期下移幅度大,涨潮动力强劲,随潮流变化大;南侧变化幅度整体较北支小,随径流的变化幅度自大至小依次为北港、南槽、北槽;随潮流的变化幅度自大至小依次为南槽、北港、北槽。滞流点随径、潮条件变化时,受地形影响明显,三峡蓄水后,径流变化范围缩小,引起不同地貌单元滞流点范围不同程度的缩小,可据此认为,与滞流点位置一致的最大浑浊带范围呈现减小的趋势,由此可能引起最大浑浊带和地貌调整。     

Spatial patterns of Holocene glacier advance and retreat in Central Asia

Glaciers in the southern Himalayas advanced in the early Holocene despite an increase in incoming summer solar insolation at the top of the atmosphere. These glacier advances are in contrast to the smaller alpine glaciers in the western and northern regions of Central Asia. Two different glacier mass-balance models are used to reconcile this Holocene glacier history with climate by quantifying the change in equilibrium-line altitudes (ELA) for simulated changes in Holocene climate. Both ELA models clearly show that the lowering of ELAs in the southern Himalayas is largely due to a decrease in summer temperatures, and that an increase in monsoonal precipitation accounts for less than 30% of the total ELA changes. The decrease in summer temperatures is a dynamic response to the changes in solar insolation, resulting in both a decrease in incoming shortwave radiation at the surface due to an increase in cloudiness and an increase in evaporative cooling. In the western and northern zones of Central Asia, both ELA models show a rise in ELAs in response to a general increase in summer temperatures. This increase in temperatures in the more northern regions is a direct radiative response to the increase in summer solar insolation.     

Neoliberalism and water reforms in western India: Commercialization, self-sufficiency, and regulatory bodies

This paper deals with the changes brought about by the ‘reforms’ in water currently under way in many parts of the world. Three particular reforms in the state of Maharashtra in western India are discussed - the commercialization of a parastatal body, the concept of self-sufficiency as it plays out in the context of urban local bodies, and the working of the regulatory body in water. The analysis of these reforms shows how, in common with neoliberal projects elsewhere, changes in institutional practices are resulting in changes in subjectivities, foreclosing alternatives, and leading to attempts to ‘depoliticize’ the water arena. At the same time, there are differences between the regulatory experience of Maharashtra and regulation in other locales, which offers insights into how neoliberalism works in a context where water reforms have emerged relatively late.     

Temporal–spatial variability of soil fertility in karst region: a case study of Xiaojiang watershed Yunnan

By sampling in the field and analyzing the soil samples in the laboratory in 1982 and 2005 the soil fertility data were obtained. Through application of geo-statistics combined with GIS, the temporal–spatial variability of the pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in soil of Xiaojiang watershed from 1982 to 2005 were analyzed. Results showed that: (1) the pH value and total potassium in soil showed an increasing trend, but the organic matter, total nitrogen and the total phosphorus in soil declined in the past 20 years in Xiaojiang watershed, (2) the parameters fitted by semivariogram models for fertility indices changed significantly in the past 20 years and (3) the result estimated by ordinary Kriging indicated the spatial pattern of the soil fertility indices changed significantly in the past 20 years. The soil pH increased in the east and southeast, but decreased in the middle of the watershed. The organic content of the soil matter decreased in the east, southeast and southwest, but increased in the northeast and middle of the watershed. The total nitrogen content of the soil decreased in the east, but increased in the middle of watershed. The total phosphorus content of the soil decreased in the whole watershed. The total potassium content of the soil increased in the southwest and southeast, but decreased in the middle of the watershed and (4) the change of land use and soil management measures was the main driving force of variability of soil properties.     

鄂尔多斯盆地地下水中氚的演化及其年龄

通过总结20世纪60年代以后不同时期大气降雨氚的组成,根据衰变定律,描述了氚在不同时期形成的地下水中的演化轨迹;通过比较不同时期大气降雨氚的组成和所形成的地下水中氚的演化,得出地下水中氚的衰减速度比大气降雨中氚的更新速度慢这一结论;根据鄂尔多斯盆地地下水中氚的组成,解释了鄂尔多斯盆地地下水的形成年龄。     

Distribution Characteristics of Sulfur and the Main Harmful Trace Elements in China's Coal

To promote the rational development and use of clean coal resources in China,data on the regional and age distribution of sulfur,arsenic and other harmful elements in Chinese coal was broadly collected,tested for content,and analyzed.Coal in northwestern China is characterized by low to extremely low levels of sulfur;the coal of the Taiyuan Formation in northern China mainly has high-sulfur content;that of the Shanxi Formation is mainly characterized by low sulfur coal;and the Late Permian coal in southern China has overall higher sulfur content;other regions have low sulfur coal.The average content of harmful trace elements in the bulk of China's coal is similar to the corresponding content in the coal of the North America and the rest of the world,whereas the content of various elements(Hg,Sb and Se)is different in magnitude to the corresponding percentage in the crust.The average content of the elements Cr,Se,Co,Be,U,Br in Late Permian coal in S China ranks first in the country whereas the average content of Hg and Cl in the coals of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian age in N China are the highest.The average content of Mn in Early and Middle Jurassic coal is higher in NW China.The high content of harmful elements in some coal should cause particular concern both in the development and utilization of coal.     

Microplastic contamination in lacustrine sediments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Current status and transfer mechanisms

This paper aims to investigate the present situation and transfer mechanisms of microplastics in lacustrine sediments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The study surveyed the average abundance of microplastics in sediments. The abundance of microplastics in sediments of lakes from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is 17.22–2643.65 items/kg DW and 0–60.63 items/kg DW based on the data of the Qinghai Lake and the Siying Co Basin. The microplastic abundance in sediments from small and medium lakes is very high compared to that in other areas in the world. Like microplastics in other lakes of the world, those in the lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau mainly include organic polymers PA, PET, PE, and PP and are primarily in the shape of fibers and fragments. The microplastic pollution of lacustrine sediments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is affected by natural changes and by human activities, and the concentration of microplastics in lacustrine ecosystems gradually increases through food chains. Furthermore, the paper suggests the relevant administrative departments of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau strengthen waste management while developing tourism and pay much attention to the impacts of microplastics in water environments. This study provides a reference for preventing and controlling microplastic contamination in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

干旱区绿洲城市城镇化发展状况及协调性浅析——以吐鲁番地区为例

城镇化是一个国家或地区经济发展的必经途径,同时也是衡量某地区经济发展水平的重要标志之一。城镇化进程不仅关系到区域人口、经济和环境的可持续发展,还关系到区域平衡与区域生产效率,以致关系到区域的综合竞争力。利用2001—2011年吐鲁番地区人口、经济、社会和生态方面的相关数据,剖析吐鲁番地区城镇化系统,选出并构建吐鲁番地区人口、经济、社会和生态4个城镇化系统的6个评价指标体系,对指标进行定量分析;计算城镇化4个系统以及城镇化发展水平的综合评价指数及其各系统的协调度,根据各子系统评价指数建立数学模型,分析吐鲁番地区城镇化驱动因子以及制约该地区城镇化进程的影响因素;并推算出吐鲁番地区城镇化的变化和发展趋势。     

水及溶质在有大孔隙土壤中运移的研究(Ⅰ):田间实验

通过田间原状土和回填土渗透比较试验,揭示了大孔隙对水及溶质在土壤中运移的影响。通过回填土和原状土中含水率实验结果比较分析,指出回填土和原状土含水率的变化呈现不同分布特征。而对回填土和原状土中溶质浓度实验结果分析比较,发现回填土中水分运动和溶质运移的速度显著低于原状土,回填土和原状土都有位置深的检测点先于其上面的检测点出现溴离子的现象,回填土中硝酸根离子的浓度远低于其在原状土相应深度的浓度。     

甘肃黑河中下游影响绿洲植被发育的某些因素

黑河下游额济纳绿洲区和中下游沿黑河干流河床附近的潜水位埋深较浅,是维系地表植被生长的重要因素。中游高台附近潜水位存在每年双峰值的变化,较之下游额济纳绿洲潜水位每年单峰值的变化更有利于植被的生长。在包气带剖面中,同一时刻水土势、含水量、含盐量随深度的变化趋势基本相同。采样点包气带土壤中易溶离子含量相对较低,全盐量小于5%,中游采样点土壤中以HCO3-为主,下游以SO42-为主,由SO42-、Cl-和Na+、Ca2+组成的盐类构成了包气带土壤中的主要盐分。土壤中易溶离子含量自地表至潜水面之间随深度总体上呈减小趋势。植被的根系分布对包气带土壤含水量、水土势和易溶离子含量随深度的分布有着重要的影响,在植物根系发育带的土壤中含水量、水土势和易溶离子含量升高。