西昆仑库地岩组及构造意义

依莎克群由上、中、下3个断片构成,并非连续性沉积地层.区域上依莎克群上部碎屑岩段(晚泥盆—早石炭世)和下部基性火山岩段(震旦—寒武纪)地层年龄差别大,呈断层接触,依沙克群作为一个统一岩石地层单元已不合适.将依莎克群下部基性火山岩单独划分出来,命名为库地岩组.库地岩组火山岩属大洋拉斑玄武岩浆产物,成分特征接近洋中脊玄武岩,岩浆源于上地幔分熔,具蛇绿岩性质,时代为早青白口世至早寒武世.     

浙东早白垩世火山岩组合的地球化学及其成因研究

浙东早白垩世含中性岩的火山岩组合和双峰式火山岩组合的主量元素和微量元素特征对比研究表明，中性火山岩的地球化学特征明显受到伴生的基性和酸性火山岩的影响。它们的微量元素协变关系证实：中性火山岩是由基性岩浆和酸性岩浆混合形成的。双峰式火山岩具有与含中性岩的火山岩组合相类似的主量元素特征，但两者的微量元素特征相差较大。根据东南沿海在早白垩世时期的构造背景是由挤压向伸展拉张转变，以及各种元素具有不同的扩散速度，提出了浙东早白垩世火山岩组合的形成模式：若基性岩浆和酸性岩浆仅进行了部分微量元素的交换，没有来得及发生主量元素的交换，就在伸展拉张的构造背景下喷出地表，则形成双峰式火山岩组合；若基性岩浆与酸性岩浆在地壳深处共存的时间较长，发生一定程度的主量元素交换，则形成偏基性和偏酸性的中性岩浆，若进一步发生化学成分的交换，则可形成典型的安山质岩浆，喷出地表就形成含中性岩的火山岩组合。     

辽东地区早元古代火山岩特征及其形成的动力学背景

辽东地区早元古代火山岩是下元古界辽河群地层的重要组成部分,它们由酸性和基性两套火山岩组成。前者形成于辽河裂谷发育早期的拉张裂陷阶段,属于壳源岩浆成因;后者形成于辽河裂谷发育中晚期的强烈拉张裂陷阶段,属于幔源岩浆成因。重点讨论了基性火山岩的岩石学、矿物学、岩石化学和地球化学特征,结果表明,这些基性火山岩主要为一套海底喷发的基性枕状熔岩,具有大陆拉斑玄武岩和大洋拉斑玄武岩的双重特征,是辽河裂谷由大陆壳向大洋壳演化过程中的产物。火山岩形成的动力学背景与早元古代时期热地幔对流形式的出现以及郯-庐断裂带发生右旋平移剪切活动密切相关。     

滇西洋拉矿区火山岩构造—岩浆类型

羊拉矿区的火山岩形成于石炭纪金沙江裂谷洋盆中段,其构造－岩浆类型有３：早石炭世羊拉岩组的富集型洋中脊拉斑玄武岩;晚石炭世里农岩组的洋岛钙碱性安山岩和洋岛碱性率武岩。各种构造－岩浆类型的形成均与地幔热性相关。     

福建紫金山矿田中生代岩浆岩演化序列研究

福建紫金山矿田中生代岩浆活动分为晚侏罗世和早白垩世二幕,第一幕为晚侏罗世(154~149 Ma)挤压环境下的岩浆活动,表现为壳源S型花岗岩紫金山复式岩体与才溪岩体的侵位,复式岩体具有154 Ma、150 Ma及149 Ma三次脉动;才溪岩体侵位时代约150 Ma。第二幕发生于早白垩世(125~93 Ma)构造拉张、地幔上涌的环境,岩浆活动共4期,形成一套 I 型花岗岩及共源异相的火山岩、次火山岩,为成矿提供了物源和热源。其中第1期为早白垩世火山喷发与岩浆超浅层就位,形成石帽山群下段的英安岩及紫金山次火山岩(125~118 Ma);第2期表现为石帽山群下段安山岩喷发与四方岩体的侵位以及英安玢岩的形成(109~103 Ma);第3期表现为石帽山群下段英安岩的喷发和罗卜岭—紫金山似斑状花岗闪长(斑)岩的侵位以及龙江亭、二庙沟附近的石英闪长玢岩的形成(103~100 Ma);第4期表现为晚期罗卜岭斑岩的侵位、石帽山群上段流纹岩的喷发和大岩里花岗斑岩岩脉、金铜矿的石英斑岩脉等成矿后期无矿脉岩的形成(100~93 Ma)。晚侏罗世、早白垩世两个岩浆系统各自形成共源岩浆异地异相分异演化的格局。     

闽中早—中元古代科马提岩

闽中下一中元古界东华组绿片岩原岩主要为一套超镁铁质-镁铁质火山岩。其岩石学特征、岩石化学特征、区域变质特征和国外太古代的科马提岩极为相似；和桂北、湖南益阳中元古代的科马提岩也可对比，但变质程度较高，达低角闪岩相。该绿片岩自下而上分别为辉石质科马提岩、玄武质科马提岩，并伴生有拉斑玄武岩。它和上部卓地组中酸性、酸性火山岩组成一套完整的岩浆演化系列，且具有双模式特征。闽中早一中元古代科马提岩产于拉张盆地的构造环境。     

松辽盆地长岭断陷早白垩世火山岩地球化学研究

长岭断陷早白垩世火山岩富硅、富碱,岩石以非碱性系列为主,包括钙碱性和高钾钙碱性系列,碱性系列火山岩为钾玄岩系列。酸性岩与中、基性岩的微量元素特征差别明显,岩石总体微量元素特征与造山带火山岩相似,富集LREE、Rb、K和大离子亲石元素,TiO2含量低,贫Sr。火山岩的形成与造山带岩石圈拆沉作用引起地壳拉张减薄的大地构造背景有关。研究区基性火山岩为地幔岩部分熔融作用的产物,岩浆演化过程中存在单斜辉石和橄榄石等矿物的分离结晶作用,中性岩为原生玄武质岩浆分异演化的产物,营城组酸性火山岩的形成与构造活动存在直接关系,为构造剪切挤压应力致使上地壳重熔的结果。     

扬子地台北缘中段震旦纪早期地层沉积类型及构造古地理演化

本文主要通过对湖北省西北部及其邻区早震旦世地层沉积类型的分析,再造其构造古地理演化。 本区早震且世地层分为下部姚营寨组和上部耀岭河群,两者呈过渡关系。 姚营寨组由一套由陆相到海相的火山—沉积组合组成,属火山复陆屑建造大类。主要包括冲积扇相、网状河流相、滨—浅海相及半深海相。其火山岩主要为偏碱的酸性岩类,少量基性岩。该组地层类型的综合特征表明,其形成的构造古地理背景属于拉张型的边缘断陷裂谷盆地。 耀岭河群可分为以海底基性火山岩为主,夹半深海、深海相钙、硅、泥质沉积组合的沉积序列和以凝灰质细粒陆源浊积岩及深海相泥质岩组合为主的两种组合类型。该群下部普遍发育冰水沉积物。该群火山岩类属典型的拉斑玄武岩系列,稀土配分表现为轻微富集型。其细粒浊积岩及钙、硅、泥质岩组合与现代远洋沉积层序相似。这些特征说明,耀岭河时期已经发育成为扬子地台北缘具一定规模的边缘小洋盆。 本区早震旦世经历了边缘断陷裂谷和陆缘小洋盆两个构造演化阶段。     

天山地区新元古代-早寒武世火山岩地球化学和岩石成因

天山地区新元古代-早寒武世玄武质熔岩包括拉斑玄武质和碱性玄武质两个主要岩浆系列，前者是早期（早南华世贝义西组、早震旦世扎摩克提组）喷发的火山岩系的主要组成，后者是晚期（早震旦世苏盖特布拉克组、晚震旦世水泉组、早寒武世西山布拉克组）喷发的火山岩系的主要组成。稀土、微量元素和Sr、Nd同位素特征揭示，这些火山岩均形成于大陆裂谷环境，其源区可能是源于一种似洋岛玄武岩源的软流圈地幔源，并且在岩浆上侵喷发过程中发生了岩石圈的混染。     

1：25万斯诺乌山幅、狮泉河幅地质调查成果与进展

地层方面，在测区札达陆块厘定出念青唐古拉岩群；在措勤-申扎地层分区发现坚扎弄组在测区的存在，新建淌那勒组；将则弄群火山岩解体；根据化石，则弄群弧火山岩的形成时间为早白垩世；确认狮泉河蛇混岩带的形成时间是晚侏罗世=早白垩世；将才里群解体。岩石方面，在测区不同时代地层中发现火山岩系，填绘出了一系列火山机构；将中新生代深成侵入岩划分为拉轨岗日花岗岩带和冈底斯花岗岩带两个岩浆带；发现浆混岩系。构造方面，发现雅鲁藏布江结合带南北支在图区的存在；证实狮泉河带内存在洋脊蛇绿岩套，狮泉河带存在俯冲；确认班-怒带的南支向北与狮泉河带斜接。     

赣东北蛇绿岩带相关地质问题的构造古地理分析

对赣东北蛇绿混杂岩带相关地层的时代、沉积相和接触关系等方面认识的重大分歧,导致对华南地质演化史的不同解释。混杂岩的深成岩块体的同位素年龄数据大都在900～1000Ma之间,伴生的火山－沉积岩系（登山群）中却有古生代微体化石发现,但化石的确切年代尚难确定。古地理分析表明,赣东北地区早古生代并不存在“江南古陆”,却有深水的江南海盆。华南晚奥陶世火山碎屑沉积广泛分布,但来源不明,赣东北有可能为当时喷发中心,形成于火山岛弧环境的登山群正好与之匹配。因而,其时代可能为晚奥陶世。志留纪早期江南海盆封闭,扬子地块和华夏地块之间形成加里东褶皱带,赣东北蛇绿岩带为加里东褶皱带和华夏地块之间的接合带。这里扬子地块和华夏地块的距离最近,挤压程度高,抬升幅度大,剥蚀时间长,早古生代沉积不易保存,登山群可能是残留部分。     

秦岭造山带主要大地构造单元的新划分

根据近年来的地层、沉积、岩浆-火山和构造变形及岩石地球化学等方面研究新进展,结合前人的成果,按照大地构造相单元划分原则,将秦岭造山带分为13个主要构造单元: ①华北南缘陆坡带,包括第一层序的青白口系大庄组、震旦系罗圈组和寒武系,与之对应的豫西栾川群;第二层序的奥陶纪陶湾群;②北秦岭弧后杂岩带,以宽坪群和部分二郎坪群中的基性火山岩与碳酸盐岩的构造块体与变质的古生代深海碎屑岩混杂为特征;③秦岭岛弧杂岩带,由丹凤群不同的古洋隆块体、富水幔源岛弧基性岩浆杂岩、云架山群、斜峪关群和草滩沟群的岛弧钙碱性岩浆岩和火山岩及深海沉积物及秦岭群弧基底杂岩等构成,时间跨度为奥陶纪-石炭纪;④秦岭弧前盆地系,泥盆系及其它晚古生代地层是其主要充填物,同沉积断裂控制了一系列的次级盆地;⑤秦岭增生混杂带,由泥、砂岩组成的基质和基性、超基性岩、火山岩、灰岩、硅质岩等岩块构成,最终形成于二叠纪末-三叠纪初;⑥南秦岭岛弧杂岩带,碧口群的基性-中酸性火山岩和岩浆岩组成,称碧口弧;由三花石群的中基性火山岩以及西乡群的中酸性火山岩共同构成,称西乡弧;由耀岭河群和郧西群中基性熔岩和中酸性火山岩组成,称安康弧;⑦南秦岭弧前盆地系,碧口弧前盆地充填物是以碎屑岩为主的横丹群和关家沟群;西乡弧前沉积主要由三花岩群包括王家坝组砂岩以及由泥岩、砂岩和中酸性火山岩变质而成的片岩、片麻岩和石英岩组成.安康弧前盆地具有明显的深海扇沉积特征梅子垭群和大贵坪组;⑧南秦岭弧后盆地系,包括后龙门山的茂县群和上古生界及三叠系,大巴山的洞河群和部分耀岭河群的火山岩;⑨南秦岭弧后陆坡带,只保留大巴山弧后陆缘,是高川-毛坝以南的下古生界;⑩南秦岭前陆褶冲带,包括龙门山北段、米仓山和大巴山前陆褶冲带.三带形成于印支-燕山期,但构造线不同,且在出现的时间上,由西到东由早到晚;(11)三叠纪残余海盆;(12)中-新生代走滑拉分和断陷盆地;(13)基底断块.     

Tectonic evolution of Early Paleozoic island-arc systems and continental crust formation in the Caledonides of Kazakhstan and the North Tien Shan

The extended Saryarka and Shyngyz-North Tien Shan volcanic belts that underwent secondary deformation are traced in the Caledonides of Kazakhstan and the North Tien Shan. These belts are composed of igneous rocks pertaining to Early Paleozoic island-arc systems of various types and the conjugated basins with oceanic crust. The Saryarka volcanic belt has a complex fold-nappe structure formed in the middle Arenigian-middle Llanvirnian as a result of the tectonic juxtaposition of Early-Middle Cambrian and Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician complexes of ensimatic island arcs and basins with oceanic crust. The Shyngyz-North Tien Shan volcanic belt is characterized by a rather simple fold structure and consists of Middle-Late Ordovician volcanic and plutonic associations of ensialic island arcs developing on heterogeneous basement, which is composed of complexes belonging to the Saryarka belt and Precambrian sialic massifs. The structure and isotopic composition of the Paleozoic igneous complexes provide evidence for the heterogeneous structure of the continental crust in various segments of the Kazakh Caledonides. The upper crust of the Shyngyz segment consists of Early Paleozoic island-arc complexes and basins with oceanic crust related to the Saryarka and Shyngyz-North Tien Shan volcanic belts in combination with Middle and Late Paleozoic continental igneous rocks. The deep crustal units of this segment are dominated by mafic rocks of Early Paleozoic suprasubduction complexes. The upper continental crust of the Stepnyak segment is composed of Middle-Late Ordovician island-arc complexes of the Shyngyz-North Tien Shan volcanic belt and Early Ordovician rift-related volcanics. The middle crustal units are composed of Riphean, Paleoproterozoic, and probably Archean sialic rocks, whereas the lower crustal units are composed of Neoproterozoic mafic rocks.     

Geochemical Characteristics of Danfeng Meta-Volcanic Rocks in Shangzhou Area,Shaanxi Province

The Danfeng meta-volcanics in the Shangzhou area, Shaanxi Province are characterized by oceanic island arc volcanic geochemistry. They are a suite of low-K tholeiitic series and calc-alkaline series meta-volcanic rocks derived from different sources respectively.These meta-volcanics have high Th/Ta ratios and low contents of Ni,Ta,Ti,Y and Yb, suggesting that they were influenced by the subduction zone components.Many lines of evidence show that the Danfeng meta-volcanics were produced in an oceanic island are setting of the supra-subduction zone at the southern margin of the North China Block during the Early Paleozoic.     

桂东鹰扬关群火山岩时代和构造环境的重新厘定:对钦杭结合带西南段构造格局的制约

鹰扬关群在湘—粤—桂三省交界地区广泛发育,为一套以绿片岩相变质的细碧岩、(石英)角斑岩及相关的火山碎屑岩为主,含有细碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩组合。该群的成岩背景过去一直认为是Rodinia超大陆裂解背景下的大陆裂谷环境,时代归属为新元古代。岩石学、地球化学和锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,鹰扬关群火山岩主要属于基性-中性火山(碎屑)岩类,在岩石化学成分上表现为明显富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,包括U、Th、Ba、K和Rb等)和轻稀土元素,而Nb、Ta、P和Ti等高场强元素和重稀土元素相对亏损,反映其具有俯冲-消减作用形成的岛弧-弧后盆地型火山岩地球化学特征;获得鹰扬关群中变角斑岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb谐和年龄为(415.1±2.1)Ma(n=13,MSWD=1.8),表明其为加里东期海相火山喷发的产物。结合云开地块北缘存在有早古生代MORB型和岛弧型变质基性火山岩的资料表明,扬子板块和华夏板块结合带(称之为钦—杭结合带)西南段有早古生代的古洋盆,鹰扬关群岛弧-弧后盆地型火山岩可能是钦—杭结合带南西段早古生代洋陆俯冲-消减过程的地质记录,钦—杭结合带西南段加里东期的构造格局是俯冲增生造山带而不是陆内造山带。     

Late Paleozoic volcanic record of the Eastern Junggar terrane, Xinjiang, Northwestern China: Major and trace element characteristics, Sr–Nd isotopic systematics and implications for tectonic evolution

The Eastern Junggar terrane of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt includes a Late Paleozoic assemblage of volcanic rocks of mixed oceanic and arc affinity, located in a structurally complex belt between the Siberian plate, the Kazakhstan block, and the Tianshan Range. The early history of these rocks is not well constrained, but the Junggar terrane was part of a Cordilleran-style accreted arc assemblage by the Late Carboniferous. Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks of the northern part of the east Junggar terrane are divided, from base to top, into the Early Devonian Tuoranggekuduke Formation (Fm.), Middle Devonian Beitashan Fm., Middle Devonian Yundukala Fm., Late Devonian Jiangzierkuduke Fm., Early Carboniferous Nanmingshui Fm. and Late Carboniferous Batamayineishan Fm. We present major element, trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses of 64 (ultra)mafic to intermediate volcanic rock samples of these formations. All Devonian volcanic rocks exhibit remarkably negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies on the primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagrams, and are enriched in more highly incompatible elements relative to moderately incompatible ones. Furthermore, they have subchondritic Nb/Ta ratios, and their Zr/Nb and Sm/Nd ratios resemble those of MORBs, characteristics of arc-related volcanic rocks. The Early Devonian Tuoranggekuduke Fm., Middle Devonian Beitashan Fm., and Middle Devonian Yundukala Fm. are characterized by tholeiitic and calc-alkaline affinities. In contrast, the Late Devonian Jiangzierkuduke Fm. contains a large amount of tuff and sandstone, and its volcanic rocks have dominantly calc-alkaline affinities. We therefore propose that the Jiangzierkuduke Fm. formed in a mature island arc setting, and other Devonian Fms. formed in an immature island arc setting. The basalts from the Nanmingshui Fm. have geochemical signatures between N-MORB and island arcs, indicating that they formed in a back-arc setting. In contrast, the volcanic rocks from the Batamayineishan Fm. display geochemical characteristics of continental intraplate volcanic rocks formed in an extensional setting after collision. Thus, we propose a model that involves a volcanic arc formed by northward subduction of the ancient Junggar ocean and amalgamation of different terranes during the Late Paleozoic to interpret the formation of the Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks in the Eastern Junggar terrane, and the Altai and Junggar terranes fully amalgamated into a Cordilleran-type orogen during the end of Early Carboniferous to the Middle–Late Carboniferous.     

内蒙古苏左旗南部早古生代蛇绿混杂岩特征及其构造意义

内蒙古苏左旗南部温都尔庙群由早元古代宝音图群(1910Ma),中、新元古代温都尔庙群(1511Ma,825Ma)和早古生代乌勒图-乌兰呼都格-查干乌拉蛇绿混杂岩(409Ma)组成。出露于乌勒图-乌兰呼都格-查干乌拉地区的乌勒图蛇绿混杂岩是由层位不全的,肢解了的蛇绿岩经构造混杂而成。其基质主要为绢云绿泥石英片岩、变质凝灰质砂岩,局部为绿泥片岩。岩块成分复杂,大小不一,形态各异,杂乱分布,主要岩石类型为白云岩、硅质岩、超基性岩、基性火山岩、灰岩。蛇绿混杂岩岩石化学分析表明,超基性岩MgO/FeO^*比值在8-13,MgO/(MgO+ FeO^*)比值在0.85-0.87 之间,与世界大多数变质橄榄岩相同。基性火山岩具大洋拉斑玄武岩特征,常量元素和稀土元素显示陆间洋盆性质。蛇绿混杂岩被晚泥盆世色日巴彦敖包组地层不整合覆盖,前者所含超基性岩块Sm-Nd 同位素等时线年龄为409Ma,表明其形成于中、晚志留世,于晚泥盆世前发生构造侵位。     

Geotectonic evolution of the Western Cordillera of Colombia: New aspects from geochemical data on volcanic rocks

The Western Cordillera of Colombia (WCC) is part of the Basic Igneous Complex (BIC), which is one of the world's largest ophiolitic complexes, extending from Costa Rica through Panama and Colombia to Ecuador. Major and trace element data on 32 volcanic rocks from the central and northern parts of the Western Cordillera are presented; no data have been available to date for volcanic rocks from the northern parts of the Western Cordillera. Petrographical and geochemical investigations show that the rocks are altered and have undergone low-grade metamorphism. The subalkaline rocks are represented by tholeiitic basalts, calc-alkaline basic andesites, andesites, and one dacite. It is concluded that a mature oceanic island arc existed in the Cretaceous, in what is now the northern part of the Western Cordillera. The tectonics of the region, particularly the intensive imbrication of the chain, indicates the presence of a paleo-subduction zone with an oceanic island arc that accreted on the old continental margin. These new data, combined with new and previous data from the central part of the BIC of Colombia, suggest that volcanic rocks of the Western Cordillera can be interpreted as allochthonous slabs. These slabs were imbricated with back-arc and fore-arc sediments and tonalitic bodies during the closing of a back-arc basin in northwestern South America and accretion of an oceanic island arc. Oblique subduction accreted these different areas to the continental margin during Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary times. Two plate-tectonic models are proposed: a) development of the calc-alkaline volcanic rocks in the northern parts of the Western Cordillera, separated by tholeiitic rocks, formed along a transform fault represented by the tholeiitic basalts of the central and southern parts of the Western Cordillera; or b) development of an oceanic island arc along the Cretaceous continental margin of northwestern South America. In the central and southern parts of this island arc, accretion took place early and therefore only an island-arc tholeiitic suite was formed.     

新疆西天山伊犁地块晚古生代火山岩地质特征及构造意义

对新疆西天山伊犁盆地晚古生代火山岩时空分布和地质特征、岩石化学等进行系统总结,认为该盆地晚古生代火山岩主要由晚泥盆世至早二叠世的火山岩组成,其形成与南北天山洋盆演化有关.晚泥盆—早石炭世大哈拉军山组火山岩为天山南北洋盆大洋板块俯冲而成的钙碱性火山岩,晚石炭世伊什基里克组火山岩为挤压环境向拉张环境过渡的钙碱性火山岩和碱性火山岩,早二叠世乌郎组火山岩为后造山具裂谷特征的双峰式火山岩组合.     

西秦岭月照-琵琶寺地区火山岩地球化学特征及地质意义

月照-琵琶寺地区的变质火山岩出露于甘肃武都县境内,夹在泥盆系和前震旦碧口群地层之间.按地球化学分类,火山岩可划分为双峰式和碱性两个系列.双峰式火山岩系由低K富Na拉斑玄武岩和酸性英安岩、流纹岩组成.该玄武岩具有类似MORB的微量元素特征,平坦的稀土配分模式,但富Th贫Nb显示其受到陆壳混染的影响.该套火山岩总体特征指示其为大陆裂谷向成熟洋盆转化阶段的产物,从而推测本区火山岩可能为勉略古洋盆西延的分支产物.