新疆东天山东戈壁钼矿床辉钼矿的矿物学特征及地质意义

东戈壁钼矿处于东天山-北山成矿带的西部,是该地区三叠纪钼成矿带代表性矿床之一。该矿床赋存于石炭系干墩组一套浅变质碎屑岩中,隐伏于矿体下部的花岗斑岩为其成矿岩体。本文对钼矿和成矿岩体进行了地质特征、岩相学和辉钼矿的显微构造和粉晶衍射等分析,结果显示矿石可分为黄铁矿-石英脉型和黄铜矿-黄铁矿-石英细脉型辉钼矿矿石,这两种类型矿石中的辉钼矿均为2H型。辉钼矿较大变化范围的Re含量主要受成矿流体Re含量控制,与晶形关系不大。综合分析认为形成于三叠纪的东戈壁钼矿床是东天山-北山地区后碰撞背景下岩浆热液作用的产物。     

新疆东戈壁钼矿床斑岩体特征及成因分析

新疆东戈壁钼矿位于北觉罗塔格晚古生代岛弧增生带内,是新疆探明的第一个特大斑岩型钼矿床.东戈壁斑岩型钼矿床斑岩体为隐伏斑状花岗岩体,属S型花岗岩,在斑状花岗岩体中可见辉钼矿化、黄铁矿化、黄铜矿化等金属矿物矿化,岩体侵位深度相对较深.觉罗塔格晚古生代岛弧增生带具良好成矿条件,区域上找矿潜力巨大.因此,研究东戈壁钼矿床斑岩体特征和成因,对该成矿带内寻找同类型钼矿床具一定指导意义     

新疆东戈壁斑岩型钼矿床成矿流体包裹体温度——压力研究

东戈壁斑岩型钼矿床是在新疆境内发现的第一个特大型钼矿,钼资源量(331)+(332)+(333)约503 474.66 t,矿石平均品位0.115％.矿床的形成与隐伏斑状花岗岩体有关,矿化的主要载体是以石英脉、钾长石脉为主的各种脉体,即该矿床兼具斑岩型及脉型矿床的特征.通过对含矿脉体中流体包裹体的研究,初步确定矿床的成矿温度为197～390℃,成矿压力为531.04×105～752.10×105 Pa,成矿深度为1.68～2.39 km,成矿流体为富含多种气态组分的低盐度流体;成矿时代为华力西晚期;矿床成因类型应为浅成中高温岩浆热液型钼矿床.     

哈密东戈壁钼矿成矿特征及围岩蚀变

东戈壁钼矿赋存于东天山造山带内,属斑岩型钼矿床矿体形态受岩体形态、大小、围岩物理性质和次级裂隙发育程度控制矿化对围岩无选择性,与多期次构造活动所形成的次级裂隙密集程度有关蚀变演化划分为5个阶段,辉钼矿-石英脉阶段是蚀变、矿化最强烈阶段,也是钼主成矿期含矿热液在迁移过程中与围岩发生强烈流体-岩石反应,造成金属元素含量增加和钼富集研究矿床地质特征和围岩蚀变与钼矿化时空关系,对在东天山寻找同类型矿床具重要指导意义.     

东天山东戈壁钼矿辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄及地质意义

东戈壁钼矿位于新疆东天山哈密库姆塔格沙垄东侧,康古尔断裂与雅满苏断裂之间.矿体赋存于隐伏斑状钾长花岗岩体上部,赋矿岩石为下石炭统干墩组变质泥质砂岩、变质砂质泥岩、变质砂岩等.矿石矿物主要为辉钼矿、黄铁矿,微量黄铜矿、金红石、方铅矿、闪锌矿,白钨矿、钛铁矿等,石英脉和裂隙发育部位发育辉钼矿,形成矿区内的富矿体.对辉钼矿中的Re-Os同位素年龄测定,获得矿床形成的等时线年龄为(231.1±1.5) Ma,加权平均年龄为(232.3±1.2) Ma,成矿时代为中三叠世.该矿床测年结果代表了东天山地区印支期一次成矿作用的高峰,为重建东天山地区中生代以来岩浆演化与成矿作用提供了科学依据和重要线索.     

新疆东戈壁钼矿床地质特征及成矿热液作用阶段划分、矿物生成顺序研究

新疆东戈壁斑岩型钼矿床是西北地区发现的第一个特大型钼矿床,矿床产于下石炭统浅变质碎屑岩夹火山岩中,位于雅满苏大断裂附近.文章通过分析含矿脉体之间的交切关系及生成先后顺序,将东戈壁钼矿成矿期热液作用划分为4个阶段;根据金属矿物之间的穿插、交代、共边关系,确定了矿物生成的先后顺序.     

河北撒岱沟门钼矿床成矿流体演化研究

撒岱沟门钼矿床是华北地台北缘燕辽钼(铜)成矿带上典型的斑岩型钼矿床,位于河北省丰宁县境内,是该区目前发现的最大钼矿床。矿床成矿作用可划分为3期:成矿前(无矿石英脉阶段)、成矿期((1)石英+磁铁矿+辉钼矿+黄铁矿+钾长石阶段,(2)石英+辉钼矿阶段,(3)石英+云母+辉钼矿+黄铁矿阶段,(4)石英+辉钼矿+黄铁矿阶段)、成矿期后(晚期无矿热液阶段)。对矿床流体包裹体的研究表明,撒岱沟门钼矿床主要发育两类包裹体:盐水溶液包裹体和含CO_2三相包裹体。成矿前与成矿期后流体以气液两相的盐水溶液包裹体为主,对应的均一温度、盐度分别为248~296℃和6.0%~10.2%NaCleqv,以及130~197℃和0.2%~5.9%Na Cleqv。成矿期两种类型包裹体均发育,均一温度和盐度主要集中在200~260℃和7.0%~17.5%NaCleqv。成矿流体中气相成分以CO_2、H_2O、N_2为主,离子以Na~+、Ca~(2+)、NO_3~-和Cl~-为主。氢、氧同位素研究表明,撒岱沟门钼矿床中石英的δD值为-88‰~-102‰,δ~(18)OH_2O值为-1.90‰~3.12‰,成矿流体属于以岩浆水为主的中低温中低盐度的CO_2-H_2O-NaCl体系。     

河北撒岱沟门斑岩型钼矿床成矿流体特征及其演化

撒岱沟门钼矿床位于河北省境内,是该区目前已知规模最大的钼矿床,矿体分布于二长花岗岩体内,钼矿化主要与微斜长石化、硅化、白云母化关系密切.流体包裹体研究表明,撒岱沟门钼矿床主要发育3种类型的包裹体:气液两相包裹体、含CO2三相包裹体和CO2包裹体.成矿前与成矿期后流体以气液两相包裹体为主,包裹体均一温度、盐度分剐为280℃～452℃、5.4%～18.4%NaCl eq和153℃～279℃、3.9%～9.7%NaCl eq;成矿期流体中3类包裹体都发育,包裹体均一温度为170℃～370℃,盐度4.3%～14.4%NaCl eq;氢氧同位素研究表明,撒岱沟门钼矿床石英中的δD为-82‰～-98‰,δ18OH2O为0.1‰～6.2‰,成矿流体以岩浆水为主,晚期有大气水的混入.成矿流体在形成过程中经历了3个阶段的流体演化:早期岩浆脱水、脱气,成矿期不混溶作用和晚期大气水混合,其中,流体的不混溶作用时辉钼矿的沉淀成矿产生了积极的影响.     

东秦岭钼矿的主要类型、成矿特征和成矿时代

东秦岭钼矿带是中国著名的钼多金属成矿带,也是中国最大的钼矿基地与重要的矿集区之一。本文根据矿床成因、控矿构造、矿石成分及结构构造等,把东秦岭钼矿床分为两组八大类：斑岩．接触带型矿床、矽卡岩型矿床、斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床、斑岩一爆破角砾岩型矿床;破碎带型矿床、石英脉型矿床、韧性剪切带型钼矿床和碳酸盐脉型矿床,丰富了河南省内钼矿的类型。并选取有代表性的矿床进行了成矿地质特征和成矿时代研究,认为东秦岭钼矿的成矿年龄从1884±210Ma～106．89±2．14Ma,把成矿时代空间从中生代扩展到了早元古代。     

河南省肖畈钼矿地质特征及动力学背景

肖畈钼矿床是东秦岭-大别山地区典型的斑岩型钼矿床.与矿床有关的小侵入岩为肖畈岩体.岩体分两期侵入,第一期为花岗斑岩,第二期为斑状花岗岩.矿石中金属矿物以辉钼矿、黄铁矿为主,脉石矿物以石英为主,矿石构造有细脉状、浸染状及团块状.矿床成矿年龄为142 Ma.其与金堆城钼矿、南泥湖钼矿等斑岩型钼矿均形成于早白垩世,可归为东秦岭-大别山钼矿带第2成矿期,是印支期后大别造山带构造体制从挤压收缩向区域性伸展的成矿事件.     

Re–Os Geochronology on Molybdenites from the Donggebi Mo Deposit in the Eastern Tianshan of the Central Asia Orogenic Belt and its Geological Significance

The Donggebi Mo deposit is located in the eastern section of the Eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt, Central Asia Orogenic Belt. Rhenium and osmium isotopes of molybdenites from the Donggebi porphyry Mo deposit have been used to determine the timing of mineralization and the source of osmium and, by inference, ore metals. Molybdenite was collected mainly from a granite porphyry stock, which is characterized by moderate to strong silicification. Rhenium concentrations in molybdenite samples are between 10 and 63 μg g^?1. Analysis of eight molybdenite samples yields an isochron age of 234.3 ± 1.6 Ma (2σ) with an initial ¹⁸⁷Os of 0.04 ± 0.45 (MSWD = 0.25). The data support the hypothesis that a significant part of the metals and magmas have a mixed (crust + mantle) origin. Based on the geological history and spatial‐temporal distribution of the granitoids, it is proposed that the Mo deposits in the eastern part of the East Tianshan Orogenic Belt were related to a post‐collision extensional setting in the Early Mesozoic.     

东天山东戈壁钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及印支期成矿事件

东戈壁超大型钼矿床位于新疆境内的东天山觉罗塔格成矿带.8件辉钼矿样品Re-Os同位素年龄介于228.7±2.7Ma ～ 241.7±0.9Ma,等时线年龄为231.9±6.5Ma(95％置信度,MSWD =0.71),加权平均年龄为238.5±3.7Ma(95％置信度,MSWD=5.8).其中,最小的辉钼矿Re-Os年龄与矿区内斑状花岗岩年龄(227.6±1.3Ma)一致,表明成岩和成矿作用发生在三叠纪.7件辉钼矿样品Re含量为26.51×10-6～91.34×10-6,指示成矿物质主要来自古生代增生作用形成的不成熟大陆壳.已有成矿年龄显示了印支期成矿事件在东天山地区非常显著,发生于大陆碰撞造山体制.     

新疆东天山小白石头钨(钼)矿辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄及成矿时代

小白石头钨(钼)矿床位于新疆东天山造山带中的中天山地块南缘,该矿床是一个由黑云母花岗岩和花岗闪长岩侵入中元古界卡瓦布拉格群形成的矽卡岩型钨(钼)矿床。辉钼矿作为其主要的矿石矿物之一,呈不同产出状态分布于花岗闪长岩、黑云母花岗岩、矽卡岩和石英脉中。目前,对于小白石头钨(钼)矿成矿时代尚有争议,特别是与花岗闪长岩有关的辉钼矿化形成时代缺乏精确的限定。本文选取与花岗闪长岩有关的不同产状辉钼矿进行Re-Os同位素定年,获得Re-Os加权平均模式年龄为245. 0±1. 7Ma,Re-Os等时线年龄为245. 5±4. 3Ma。准确的Re-Os同位素定年限定小白石头钨(钼)矿床的成矿年龄和花岗闪长岩的侵位年龄为245Ma左右,为矿床模型建立和找矿方向确定提供了关键依据,同时也为东天山区域成矿规律总结提供了重要的年代学证据,并指出新疆东天山—甘肃北山地区存在一条找矿潜力巨大的三叠纪钨钼成矿带。     

Zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os geochronology,Hf isotope analyses,and whole-rock geochemistry of the Donggebi Mo deposit,eastern Tianshan,Northwest China,and their geological significance

The geodynamic setting of Mesozoic magmatic rocks and associated mineralization in eastern Tianshan, Northwest China, are attracting increasing attention. The newly discovered giant Donggebi molybdenum deposit (0.508 Mt at 0.115% Mo) is located in the central part of eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang. The molybdenum mineralization was genetically associated with the Donggebi stock, comprised of porphyritic granite and granite porphyry. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) zircon U–Pb dating constrains that the porphyritic granite and granite porphyry emplacement occurred at 233.8 ± 2.5 Ma and 231.7 ± 2.6 Ma, respectively. The Re–Os model ages of six molybdenite samples range from 235.2 to 237.0 Ma, with a weighted mean age of 236.1 ± 1.4 Ma, which is roughly consistent within errors with the zircon U–Pb ages, suggesting a Middle Triassic magmatic–mineralization event at Donggebi. Geochemically, the Donggebi granitoids are characterized by high SiO₂ and K₂O contents, with low MgO contents, belonging to high-K calc-alkaline granites. These rocks show pronounced enrichment in K, Rb, U, and Pb, and depletion in Sr, Ba, P, and Ti, with negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.20–0.38). In situ Hf isotopic analyses of zircon from the porphyritic granite and granite porphyry yielded ε_Hf(t) values ranging from +6.6 to +10.5, and from +5.5 to +10.1, respectively. The geochemical and isotopic data imply that the primary magmas of the Donggebi granitoids could have originated by partial melting of a juvenile lower crust that involved some mantle components. Combined with the regional geological history, geochemistry of the Donggebi granitoids, and new isotopic age data, we thus propose that the Donggebi molybdenum deposit was formed in the Middle Triassic, and occurred in an intracontinental extension setting in eastern Tianshan.     

Ore Genesis and Formation Age of the Gaogangshan Mo Deposit,Heilongjiang Province,NE China

The Gaogangshan Mo deposit, located in the northern part of the Lesser Xing'an Range (the eastern part of the Xing'an–Mongolia Orogenic Belt), is one of the newly discovered Mo deposits in northeast China. Ore bodies occur in the granite and are generally in vein and stockwork forms. Major metallic minerals in the ore include pyrite and molybdenite. The styles of mineralization are disseminated, veinlet–disseminated, and veinlet. The major types of wall–rock alteration are silicification–potassic alteration, phyllic alteration and propylitization. Fluid inclusion analyses indicate that the ore‐forming fluid during the major mineralization stage is an H₂O–NaCl–CO₂ system, with wide homogenization temperature and salinity ranges. The abundant CO₂–rich and coexisting halite–bearing fluid inclusion assemblages in the main stage of mineralization highlight the significance of intensive fluid boiling for porphyry Mo mineralization. Comprehensive study of the ore‐forming conditions, geological features of the deposit, micro‐thermometric analysis of fluid inclusions and comparison of the Gaogangshan deposit with other typical porphyry deposits leads to the conclusion that the deposit is a porphyry type. We obtained a weighted mean age of the molybdenite deposit at Gaogangshan of 250.7 ± 1.8 Ma. The isotopic dating results indicate that the Gaogangshan deposit was formed in the Permo–Triassic, which is the earliest Mo–only deposit in northeast China. The formation of the Gaogangshan Mo deposit may be related to the extension and break–up of the Songnen Block and Jiamusi Block in the Permo–Triassic.     

内蒙古碾子沟钼矿床成矿流体来源、演化及成矿机理

内蒙古自治区碾子沟钼矿床地处华北地台北缘西拉木伦钼成矿带西段,为一典型的中型石英脉型钼矿床。该钼矿床矿脉（体）主要产于燕山早期二长花岗岩-钾长花岗岩内NNW、NW向断裂构造体系之中,成矿作用过程经历了黄铁矿±辉钼矿＋石英（Ⅰ）、辉钼矿＋黄铁矿±黄铜矿＋石英（Ⅱ）、黄铜矿＋黄铁矿±闪锌矿＋石英（Ⅲ）及石英±方解石（Ⅳ）4个阶段。系统的流体包裹体岩相学、包裹体组分析、包裹体显微测温研究表明,矿床初始成矿流体为高温、中低盐度（490~550℃,盐度（w（NaC1））2%~10%,50~62 MPa）均匀的NaCl-H₂O体系热液,δ¹⁸O_H2O-SMOW（2.21‰）及δD_H2O-SMOW（-68.9‰）表明其主要来源于岩浆热液;成矿流体上升并不断汇聚于容矿断裂空间,伴随温度、压力降低（380~460℃,26~40 MPa→360~420℃,25~30 MPa）而进入两相不混溶区,流体开始发生沸腾→强烈沸腾作用,导致成矿元素Mo大量沉淀富集成矿,成矿晚期残余流体与大气降水混合（δ¹⁸O_H2O-SMOW为-2.41‰~2.51‰,δD_H2O-SMOW为-110.1‰~-105.5‰）,矿床属燕山早期中高温岩浆热液型钼矿床。     

东天山卡拉塔格西二区铁铜矿床地质地球化学特征及成因

西二区铁铜矿床是东天山卡拉塔格地区近年来新发现的矿床,但其矿床成因类型尚不明确.通过开展系统的电子探针、流体包裹体及H、O同位素研究,结果表明矿体赋存于大南湖组火山岩-火山碎屑岩中,受断裂控制,矿体呈似层状、透镜状.矿石结构主要为粒状结构和交代结构,矿石构造以块状构造和条带状构造为主.金属矿物主要为磁铁矿,脉石矿物主要为石榴子石、绿帘石、绿泥石、方解石等.成矿过程可划分为干矽卡岩、磁铁矿、石英-硫化物、碳酸盐这4个阶段.电子探针表明矿床早期形成钙铁榴石,磁铁矿阶段形成富铁矿石和富铁绿帘石.流体包裹体研究表明,从早到晚,成矿温度和盐度逐渐降低.H-O同位素表明成矿流体以岩浆水为主,演化至大气降水.由此可知西二区铁铜矿床属于矽卡岩型铁铜矿床.      

新疆西准噶尔宏远钼矿床和吐克吐克钼铜矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿时代

宏远（铜）钼矿和吐克吐克钼铜矿为新疆西准噶尔地区新发现的斑岩型矿床。流体包裹体测温和激光拉曼探针分析研究表明,宏远（铜）钼矿发育气液、气体和含子矿物包裹体等3类包裹体,气液比变化大,均一温度集中在140 ℃～200 ℃和260 ℃～340 ℃两个区间,吐克吐克钼铜矿只含有气液和含子矿物两类包裹体,气液比变化小,均一温度集中在180 ℃～220 ℃。两个矿区均发育高盐度和低盐度的NaCl-H₂O-CH₄-CO₂流体,显示含甲烷还原性流体的性质。宏远（铜）钼矿辉钼矿Re-Os同位素分析表明其成矿年龄为314.3±1.9 Ma,与西准噶尔包古图斑岩铜矿成矿时代一致。     

东秦岭东段新发现的沙坡岭细脉浸染型钼矿地质特征、Re-Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

豫西洛宁沙坡岭钼矿床位于华北克拉通南缘东秦岭钼矿带东段,是新近发现的赋存于太古宙太华群变质岩中的细脉浸染型钼矿床。本文对其地质特征进行了研究,并初步测定了1个辉钼矿样品的Re－Os同位素年龄,获得模式年龄为126.8±1.7Ma,表明沙坡岭钼矿形成于燕山期,接近金堆城、雷门沟钼矿的形成时代,Re同位素含量显示其地幔来源的特征。沙坡岭钼矿形成机制错综复杂,有待进一步研究,特别是深部钻孔工程验证工作,对于验证深部是否隐伏着与成矿相关的斑岩体、储量更大的斑岩型钼矿有着重要作用,找矿潜力巨大。     

南秦岭宁陕地区月河坪夕卡岩型钼矿Re-Os年龄和矿床学特征

宁陕地区月河坪钼矿床位于南秦岭多金属成矿带,属于夕卡岩型钼矿。本文采用辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年方法,精确地测定月河坪钼矿的成矿时代。分析结果显示,5件辉钼矿样品Re-Os同位素模式年龄的变化范围小,集中在189.8Ma和195.4Ma之间,获得加权平均年龄值191.4±1.6Ma,与等时线回归计算得到的年龄值193.6±3.5Ma在误差范围内相吻合。结果说明成矿时代为早侏罗纪,成矿作用属于中国北部燕山期大规模成矿期的一部分。结合已报道的成矿年龄资料,月河坪钼矿床可能形成于扬子板块与华北板块的后碰撞造山作用过程,但有可能受到后期岩浆活动的改造和破坏。同时推测在南秦岭地区存在印支末期到燕山早期的成矿事件,这对于秦岭造山带尤其是南秦岭地区钼矿资源勘探具有借鉴意义。