金沙江蛇绿岩中斜长岩和斜长花岗岩的U-Pb年龄及地质意义

对滇西和川西金沙江蛇绿岩斜长岩和斜长花岗岩进行了锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ 年代学研究．滇西书松斜长岩和川西雪堆斜长花岗岩成岩年龄分别为３４０±３Ｍａ 和２９４±４Ｍａ,它们可能代表金沙江洋盆张开不同阶段的时代．这一研究表明金沙江蛇绿岩主要形成于石炭纪时期, 与南部的哀牢山蛇绿岩时代可以对比．     

华南诸广山复式岩体中段花岗岩的碱交代蚀变

诸广山复式花岗岩体中段某大型铀矿田中的部分花岗岩广泛发育碱交代蚀变作用。据对３１３个碱交代蚀变花岗岩样品的岩石化学分析资料及岩相学研究结果表明,该地碱交代蚀变是以钠长石化为主的多阶段钾、钠叠加交代（即混合交代）,蚀变强度大多较弱,局部可较强并生成二长石岩、钠长石岩等交代蚀变岩。测得该碱交代蚀变岩石的Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄为１３２．１±５．８Ｍａ,在时序上它与主体侵入的似斑状黑云母花岗岩（Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线成岩年龄为２１５．２±６．３Ｍａ）、补体侵入的细粒少斑黑云母花岗岩（测得Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线成岩年龄为１５５．２±５．４５Ｍａ）构成一连续演化序列,推测碱质可能源自该产铀花岗岩岩浆演化钠转折分异阶段的产物;该蚀变岩属铀成矿前已遭剥蚀的钨、锡矿化矿根相,成为随后工业铀矿化（Ｕ－Ｐｂ法测得成矿年龄为１０３．２±０．６Ｍａ）的有利围岩。     

郭家岭花岗岩的时代与成因

与前人的划分不同，本所指的郭家岭花岗岩只包括郭家岭和丛家两个岩体。由郭家岭岩体的５个全岩样品给出的Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄为２００．６±３．４８Ｍａ，（＾８７Ｓｒ／＾８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．７１１２７、Ｒ＝０．９９９５５，表明该岩体支运动末期形成的。常量元素、微量元素及稀土元素表明该花岗岩是由壳幔物质混合形成的。     

内蒙古乌奴格吐山斑岩铜钼矿床的成岩,成矿时代

内蒙古满洲里地区乌奴格吐山斑岩铜钼矿床系８０年代探明的特大型斑岩铜钼矿床,关于其成矿的成矿时代,一直是本区研究的薄弱环节,以前据二长花岗斑岩体的一件Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄（１３８Ｍａ）认为其系晚燕山期成矿,这一认识与中,蒙邻区同类矿床时代相悖,本文进行了多种方法同位素年龄系统测定,获得三组年龄：二长花岗斑岩单颗粒锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ年龄１８３．３±０．６Ｍａ;全岩Ｐｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄１８３．９±１．０Ｍａ,蚀变岩绢     

日本西南冈山县中部有汉花岗闪长岩和贺阳花岗岩Rb—Sr同…

测定了冈山县中部有汉花岗闪长岩和贺阳花岗岩Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ全岩等时线年龄和Ｓｒ同位素初始比值。它们的主岩相年龄分别为９２．０±６．５Ｍａ和８１．２±５．５Ｍａ，ＳｒＩ分别为０．７０６９６±１和０．７０６８４±１０。     

广西北部新元古代花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学及其构造意义

广西北部（扬子块体南缘）３个代表性的新元古代花岗岩体（本洞、三防和元宝山岩体）的矿物组合、岩石化学、元素和同位素地球化学特征表明,它们均为过铝质Ｓ型花岗岩。高精度的ＳＨＲＩＭＰ和颗粒级锆石ＵＰｂ定年结果表明,本洞、三防和元宝山岩体的形成时代分别为（８２０±７）Ｍａ、（８２５±６）Ｍａ和（８２４±４）Ｍａ,在误差范围内基本相同,排除了本区存在中元古代末／新元古代初形成的花岗岩。结合野外地质关系和扬子块体东南缘蛇绿岩的定年结果,扬子块体南缘新元古代晋宁期造山运动的时限应为１．０～０．８０Ｇａ,很可能以０．８２Ｇａ的晚造山花岗岩和约０．８Ｇａ的陆相双峰式火山岩的形成而告终,同时,震旦系底界年龄也应小于８２０Ｍａ。     

山东招掖金矿带花岗岩类单颗粒锆石U—Pb年代学研究及其意义

在占我国最著名的金矿域－胶北金矿域的金矿储量８６．３％的招掖金矿带内,广泛分布的燕山期花岗岩类与金矿化作用密切相关。然而,这些花岗岩类的形成时代却是长期困扰地学界的棘手问题,并一直阻碍着有关金矿化问题的探讨。精确的单颗粒锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ年代学研究表明,招掖金矿带内花岗岩类：玲珑型花岗岩和廓家岭花岗闪长岩均形成于１４５Ｍａ（分别为１４５．９±０．５Ｍａ和１４４．１±０．８Ｍａ）左右的燕山早期（晚侏罗世）     

塔里木盆地瓦基里塔格辉长岩^40Ar—^39Ar年龄及其意义

瓦基里塔格位于新疆塔里木盆地塔中构造带 （即中央隆起） 的西部, 巴楚县城南东约４０ｋｍ 。这里发育一套轻微变质的碎屑岩哑地层, 其中有基性－超基性岩体侵入。对在此采集的２ 块辉长岩样品进行Ａｒ－Ａｒ定年, 获得的坪年龄分别为８２５．０±２．０Ｍａ 和８３７．３±２．０Ｍａ, 相应的等时年龄为８２１．４±８．０Ｍａ和８３３．３±１５．３Ｍａ。这是首次获得的塔里木盆地腹地较可靠的前寒武纪同位素年龄数据, 为塔里木盆地的构造类型、基底性质、组成和时代等地质问题的正确认识, 提供了一份重要的基础资料, 对于该地区的油气勘探部署也有十分重要的意义。     

广西北部新元古代花岗石锆石U—Pb年代学及其构造意义

广西北部（扬子块体南缘）３个代表性的新元古代花岗岩体（本洞,三防和元宝山岩体）的矿物组合,岩石化学,元素和同位素地球化学特征表明,它们均为铝质Ｓ型花岗岩。高精度的ＳＨＲＩＭＰ和颗粒级锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ定年结果表明,本洞,三防和元宝山岩体的形成时代为（８２０±７）Ｍａ,（８２５±６）Ｍａ和（８２４±４）Ｍａ,在误差范围内基本相同,排除了本区存在中元古代末／新 元古代初形成的花岗岩。结合野外地质关系和扬子块     

鲁西蒙山山脉中段早前寒武纪花岗质岩石岩石学和单锆石年龄

用Ｋｏｂｅｒ方法测定了平邑县、蒙阴县普照寺闪长岩、松山－邱子峪二长花岗岩、周公地－花果庄－宁子洞花岗闪长岩、余粮店辉长岩和东近台英云闪长岩的锆石年龄。多数样品中的锆石反映了多于一期的地质记录，其中东近台英云闪长岩中的锆石（２８６８±１３Ｍａ、２７１２±５Ｍａ、２７１１±７Ｍａ和２５９８±６Ｍａ误差均为２σ），反映了本区最老的地质记录；部分样品中的２４００Ｍａ可能反映了太古宙最后一期的地质作用；而大部分样品中的锆石显示了２５００Ｍａ和２６００Ｍａ的地质记录，即岩浆活动多集中于２６００Ｍａ、２５００Ｍａ和２４     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.