据40Ar/39Ar快中子年龄新资料讨论震旦系底界年龄

作者对相当于晋宁运动岩浆活动产物的湖北峡东黄陵岩体和江西九岭岩体分别进行了⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar快中子定年。对采自宜昌莲沱地区的黑云母斜长花岗岩体和黄陵庙黑云母花岗闪长岩体的样品测得两条年龄谱,HH-01黑云母的高温坪年龄为893.7±6.7Ma,HH-05角闪石坪年龄为886.4±4.6Ma。对采自江西宜丰黄岗口的九岭岩体中黑云母测得的高温坪年龄为937.1±6.4Ma。从上述三个年龄值,并综合以前测定的晋宁期侵入体的年龄值以及不整合面上覆盖层和基底最上部沉积层的一些年龄值认为,以900Ma作为震旦系底界年龄是合适的。     

吉林陨石原始捕获的40Ar/36Ar比值及其地质意义

地球大气圈中⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar的现代比值被公认为295.5,在利用K-Ar法测定地球物质年龄时,它是校正大气氩混染量的重要参数。陨石中原始捕获(trapped)的(⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar)_t比值是否和地球大气圈中氩同位素丰度相一致,这个问题不但在地质年龄测定中具有现实意义,而且对探索太阳系的形成和演化也有重要理论价值。近十几年,随着质谱分析技术的提高以及登月计划的实施,国外出现了一批有关月岩中氩同位素原始组分的资料,但至今对陨石中原始氩同位素丰度的报道很少。笔者采用⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar快中子活化技术和约克方程^[3,4],对吉林陨石雨2号标本进行了原始捕获的(⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar)_t比值进行了测定,并探讨了它的地质意义。     

甘肃花牛山东钾长花岗岩40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄及其地质意义

对甘肃花牛山东复式花岗岩体中钾长花岗岩的钾长石进行了详细的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar同位素年龄测定,11个加热阶段所获数据构成-条相关关系非常好的直线,其对应的等时线年龄为194.25±1.96 Ma(2σ).⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar初始值为288.87±2.17(2σ),接近于尼尔值(295.5).鉴于该岩体形成之后未受到明显的构造-岩浆活动或其它热事件的影响,因此,194 Ma代表了钾长花岗岩钾长石的形成时代.花牛山东钾长花岗岩是燕山早期构造-岩浆活动的产物.由此推断,花牛山地区构造-岩浆活动时间不是印支期,更不是海西期,而是中生代燕山早期.     

河北张－宣金矿区含金石英脉40Ar/39Ar年龄

为解决张-宣地区含金石英脉形成的时代,对区内5个典型金矿脉测定了⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄,分别为:1362.0±24.8Ma,963.7±22.3Ma,579.6±8.5Ma,570.8±24.2Ma,167.9±1.2Ma.谱线特征均为马鞍形,最低视年龄为石英的结晶年龄。依次相当于晋宁运动中期,晋宁运动晚期,蓟县运动晚期和燕山运动中期。     

应用40Ar—39Ar定年技术研究某些火山岩及陨石样品的受热历史

常规的K-Ar法是基于⁴⁰K通过K-层电子捕获衰变成⁴⁰Ar^*这一机理,应用衰变定律而定年的。它具有测定对象广、测定年龄范围大等优点,是同位素地质定年的主要方法之一。但是,由于⁴⁰Ar^*是气体,当岩石、矿物形成以后受到搅动时(如岩浆的侵入、构造活动、宇宙物质的冲击等),⁴⁰Ar^*容易丢失,使年龄值偏低。1962年由Sigurgeirsson提出的,后经Merrihue、Turner等人逐步完善的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar快中子活化定年技术,很好地克服了K-Ar法的局限性。⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年分为两种:一是全熔融法(total fusion),样品被快中子照射后一次加热熔融,然后计算年龄,此值与常规K-Ar法结果相当;另一种是阶段加热法(step-heating),被照射的样品从低温到高温被逐步加热,分别计算各温度阶段的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar视年龄,并进而得到一条年龄谱和一个坪年龄(plateau age)。后一种方法对研究地质体是否受过热的挠动、岩石矿物的早期结晶年代、后期热挠动次数、热挠动年代、岩石矿物对氢的保存性、过剩氩的存在状态等具有独特作用,它开辟了同位素地质年代学的一个新领域。本文将着重介绍应用⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar阶段加热技术研究地球物质及陨石受热历史的某些成果。     

我国K-Ar法标准样40Ar-40K和40Ar-39Ar年龄测定及放射成因40Ar的析出特征

同位素地质年龄标准样的建立,是一项重要的基础工作,它在检查和比较各种实验流程,衡量各种定年方法的可信度,标定同位素稀释剂等方面,都是必不可少的。从1977年初开始,我国同位素地质标准样小组着手建立K-Ar法标准样。为了外检,笔者曾将ZBH-25黑云母、ZBJ角闪石带到澳大利亚国立大学地球科学院进行测定。这两个样品的K-Ar稀释法年龄、⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar坪年龄及⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar等时年龄的一致性表明,这些矿物结晶以后,未受过热的挠动,也不存在过剩氩,是作标准样的理想样品。本文还介绍样品中放射成因⁴⁰Ar的析出特征,并指出⁴⁰Ar可能有两种存在状态,它们各具不同的晶格能。     

南天山蛇绿混杂岩和中天山南缘糜棱岩的40Ar/39Ar年龄及其大地构造意义

⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar同位素年龄测定,获得南天山蛇绿混杂岩基质黑云母石英片岩单矿物黑云母的两个坪年龄分别为(370.0±4.8)Ma和(259.0±3.3)Ma;中天山南缘长英质糜棱岩单矿物黑云母的坪年龄为(250.5±7.9)Ma,二云母花岗岩单矿物白云母的坪年龄为(348.9±0.3)Ma。结合南天山古生代沉积特征和塔里木及伊犁-哈萨克斯坦板块古地磁数据的综合分析,提出南天山晚泥盆世至石炭纪早期完成向伊犁-哈萨克斯坦板块的B型俯冲,中-晚二叠世进行陆内A型俯冲造山的板块碰撞演化模式。     

氯对40Ar-39Ar定年的制约及数据处理

核反应³⁵Cl(n,γ)³⁶Cl和³⁷Cl(n,γ)³⁸Cl的最终产物³⁶Ar和³⁸Ar,对⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年影响不可忽视,尤其是在测定某些含K量低的沉积成因矿物时更为重要。本文介绍含Cl样品的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年技术及全部数据处理步骤,以及ppm级K、Ca、Cl含量的测定及计算方法。     

云南兰坪白秧坪铜钴多金属矿集区矿石中石英的40Ar-39Ar年龄

云南兰坪白秧坪铜钴多金属矿集区矿石中石英的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar快中子活化年龄谱呈马鞍形,坪年龄为56.53±0.43Ma,最小视年龄为55.52±1.78Ma,等时线年龄为55.90±0.29Ma,三者在误差范围内一致(1σ)。⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar初始值为294.7±1.14,与尼尔值(295.5±5)十分接近,坪年龄和等时线年龄均可作为石英的形成时代。因此,55.90~56.53Ma(喜马拉雅早期)代表了矿床的成矿年龄。     

张八岭地区中生代岩体中黑云母的40Ar-39Ar年龄及其地质意义

张八岭地区顺郯庐断裂带由北向南出露了管店、瓦屋刘和瓦屋薛3个岩体,岩性分别为花岗闪长岩、石英二长岩和花岗岩。对其中两个侵入岩体中黑云母进行了⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年研究。张八岭隆起北段瓦屋刘石英二长岩和瓦屋薛花岗岩中黑云母的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar坪年龄分别为127.84±0.77Ma和119.97±0.64Ma,表明岩浆活动主要发生在早白垩世中期。结合最近断裂带内走滑糜棱岩中角闪石143.3±1.3Ma的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年龄,暗示了早白垩世中期断裂带内出现岩浆活动时,郯庐断裂带已转变成正断层活动,而不是以往认为由断裂带走滑诱发的岩浆活动,与华北地块东部岩石圈减薄的峰期时间基本一致。     

北秦岭二郎坪岩群~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄特征及其地质意义

对来自二郎坪岩群的白云母、角闪石用阶段升温法进行了~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄谱研究,结合二郎坪岩群地质特征,认为白云母近似直线年龄港的评年龄（111．2Ma）及角闪石稳定评年龄（121．5Ma）代表了二郎坪岩群最后一次热事件的时代;角闪石与白云母封闭温度的不同以及角门石的成分与结构环带导致二者坪年龄的差异,二郎坪岩群在121．5～111．2Ma曾发生区域变质作用,整个秦岭造山带在此期间仍处于构造活动期。     

K–Ar ages of meteorites: Clues to parent-body thermal histories

Whereas most radiometric chronometers give formation ages of individual meteorites >4.5 Ga ago, the K–Ar chronometer rarely gives times of meteorite formation. Instead, K–Ar ages obtained by the ³⁹Ar–⁴⁰Ar technique span the entire age of the solar system and typically measure the diverse thermal histories of meteorites or their parent objects, as produced by internal parent body metamorphism or impact heating. This paper briefly explains the Ar–Ar dating technique. It then reviews Ar–Ar ages of several different types of meteorites, representing at least 16 different parent bodies, and discusses the likely thermal histories these ages represent. Ar–Ar ages of ordinary (H, L, and LL) chondrites, R chondrites, and enstatite meteorites yield cooling times following internal parent body metamorphism extending over ∼200 Ma after parent body formation, consistent with parent bodies of ∼100 km diameter. For a suite of H-chondrites, Ar–Ar and U–Pb ages anti-correlate with the degree of metamorphism, consistent with increasing metamorphic temperatures and longer cooling times at greater depths within the parent body. In contrast, acapulcoites–lodranites, although metamorphosed to higher temperatures than chondrites, give Ar–Ar ages which cluster tightly at ∼4.51 Ga. Ar–Ar ages of silicate from IAB iron meteorites give a continual distribution across ∼4.53–4.32 Ga, whereas silicate from IIE iron meteorites give Ar–Ar ages of either ∼4.5 Ga or ∼3.7 Ga. Both of these parent bodies suffered early, intense collisional heating and mixing. Comparison of Ar–Ar and I–Xe ages for silicate from three other iron meteorites also suggests very early collisional heating and mixing. Most mesosiderites show Ar–Ar ages of ∼3.9 Ga, and their significantly sloped age spectra and Ar diffusion properties, as well as Ni diffusion profiles in metal, indicate very deep burial after collisional mixing and cooling at a very slow rate of ∼0.2 °C/Ma. Ar–Ar ages of a large number of brecciated eucrites range over ∼3.4–4.1 Ga, similar to ages of many lunar highland rocks. These ages on both bodies were reset by large impact heating events, possibly initiated by movements of the giant planets. Many impact-heated chondrites show impact-reset Ar–Ar ages of either >3.5 Ga or <1.0 Ga, and generally only chondrites show these younger ages. The younger ages may represent orbital evolution times in the asteroid belt prior to ejection into Earth-crossing orbits. Among martian meteorites, Ar–Ar ages of nakhlites are similar to ages obtained from other radiometric chronometers, but apparent Ar–Ar ages of younger shergottites are almost always older than igneous crystallization ages, because of the presence of excess (parentless) ⁴⁰Ar. This excess ⁴⁰Ar derives from shock-implanted martian atmosphere or from radiogenic ⁴⁰Ar inherited from the melt. Differences between meteorite ages obtained from other chronometers (e.g., I–Xe and U–Pb) and the oldest measured Ar–Ar ages are consistent with previous suggestions that the ⁴⁰K decay parameters in common use are incorrect and that the K–Ar age of a 4500 Ma meteorite should be possibly increased, but by no more than ∼20 Ma.     

地幔包体金云母40Ar/39Ar年龄对玄武岩浆喷发结束时间的约束

山东临朐-昌乐地区新生代岩浆活动强烈,以形成含大量地幔包体的玄武岩为特征.作者在考察与研究昌乐北岩古火山口玄武岩中地幔包体的过程中,发现一些包体中发育有地幔钾交代成因的金云母细脉.鉴于金云母的封闭温度远低于玄武岩浆喷发时的温度以及金云母可以记录喷发的玄武岩浆冷却通过金云母封闭温度的时间,本文尝试通过金云母所记录的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄来推断玄武岩浆喷溢的结束时间.该火山口玄武岩不同部位的三个地幔岩包体其金云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄分别为18.42±0.21Ma、18.65±0.27Ma和18.39±0.36Ma,年龄结果具有很好的一致性,充分说明了该定年手段的有效性.因此可以确定该火山口玄武岩浆喷溢活动约在18.5Ma前结束.由此推测山旺盆地中不整合发育在源于该火山口喷溢的玄武岩之上的化石群的形成时代下限约为18.5Ma.用玄武岩地幔包体金云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄来确定玄武岩年龄是玄武岩定年一个有效的新方法.     

迁安紫苏花岗岩的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄谱

对采自河北省迁安县水厂地区的紫苏花岗岩中的黑云母和紫苏辉石进行了~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄测定,分别给出了18.7亿年和19.6亿年的~(40)Ar保存年龄。这两种矿物的年龄谱的视年龄的梯度变化表明,紫苏花岗岩形成后是缓慢冷却的。3.9亿年左右的一次热事件,造成了放射成因~(40)Ar的丢失。根据热历史和封闭温度的研究,从27亿年(侵入到该区紫花岗岩中的花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄)到19.6亿年,紫苏花岗岩岩体的抬升速率为6.5m/Ma,但从19.6亿年到18.7亿年,其抬升速率高达111m/Ma,具有明显的构造抬升作用。     

锆石La-ICP-MS U-Pb与白云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年代学及其对中国东南部早燕山事件的制约

起始于中、晚侏罗世之交的燕山运动使中国东南部上三叠统至中侏罗统发生强烈的褶皱和逆冲变形,形成北北东向构造带,并诱发广泛的深熔作用和岩浆活动。迄今为止,对该事件的形成时代尚缺乏精确的年代学制约。基于武夷山地区的野外调查,选取挤压活动前形成的正长岩和挤压过程中形成的片麻状花岗岩进行锆石La-ICP-MSU-Pb定年,并对逆冲剪切过程中形成的云母片岩进行40Ar/39Ar年代学测试分析,结合区域上后构造期的伸展型花岗岩对早燕山事件的形成时代进行制约。结果表明,形成于伸展构造背景的福建政和县铁山正长岩,其结晶年龄为(169.3±1.6)Ma,提供了早燕山事件的下限;形成于挤压环境的粤北平远县八尺片麻状花岗岩,其结晶年龄为(165.4±1.2)Ma,指示早燕山事件的主变形时代;同变形期的闽西长汀县濯田云母片岩,其40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为(162±2)Ma,代表逆冲剪切的冷却年龄,可视作早燕山事件的上限。结合区域上侵入北北东向褶皱的花岗岩年龄,认为早燕山挤压事件发生在(165±4)Ma,其动力作用与古太平洋板块向中国东南大陆之下俯冲有关。     

Collision Event during 177-135 Ma on the Eastern Marginof the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Evidence from ~(40)Ar/ ~(39)Ar Dating for Basaltson the Western Margin of the Yangtze Platform

Geochronology of continental flood basalts sampled from the Emei large igneous province (LIP) on the western margin of the Yangtze platform was investigated by the laser microprobe 40Ar/39Ar dating technique. These basalts yield a fairly wide range of 40Ar/39Ar ages, varying from 259 to 135 Ma. One basalt sample, at least altered, recorded the oldest 40Ar/39Ar age of about 259 Ma, corresponding to a peak eruption age of the Emei LIP continental flood basalts. Most of the samples yield much younger ages from 135 to 177 Ma, which are consistent with the K-Ar ages for the same samples (122.8-172.1 Ma). The dating data suggest that these Permian basalts had been widely affected by the regional tectonothermal event at 177-135 Ma. The event was probably caused by the convergence and collision among the Laurasia, Yangtze and Qiangtang-Qamdo continental blocks on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau after the late Triassic. The age of the event reflects the timing of the peak collisional orogeny.     

GEOCHRONOLOGY OF ~(Ar)/~(39)Ar DATING IN THE BASEMENT ROCKS IN EASTERN KUNLUN MOUNTAINS AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS

GEOCHRONOLOGY OF ~(Ar)/~(39)Ar DATING IN THE BASEMENT ROCKS IN EASTERN KUNLUN MOUNTAINS AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS     

浙江省陈蔡群的^40Ar—^39Ar年龄与变质年代

本文对陈蔡群变质岩进行了４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ年龄测定。其中在诸暨陈蔡测得的４１５．１Ｍａ的坪年龄代表了主变质晚期的冷却年代。采自义乌尚阳的样品受燕山期火山活动影响有明显的氩丢失，与主变质有关的年龄亦明显降低，仅３１５．３Ｍａ。在龙泉东书获得的年龄谱和当地广泛发育的混合岩化作用有关，２７６．９Ｍａ的坪年龄为这次热事件的冷却年代。根据对现有年代资料的讨论，可以认为不同衰变体系记录了陈蔡群主变质事件的演化。Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ体系在变质早中期实现均匀化，年龄值为５５２．４～６６０．６Ｍａ。锆石、磷灰石在变质高峰期形成的铅丢失年龄为５０８，４～５７８Ｍａ。上述资料表明陈蔡群主变质年代属加里东期。     

浙东南某些中生代侵入岩体的^40Ar—^39Ar年龄测定

采用~(40)Ar~(39)Ar定年技术测定了浙东南几个侵入于磨石山群中的燕山期中酸性岩侵入体的年龄。梁弄岩体的石英闪长岩和二长花岗岩的年龄为101Ma,龙王堂岩体的花岗岩和钾长花岗岩的年龄均为110Ma,山头郑石英闪长岩年龄为108Ma,洪公石英正长岩的年龄为124Ma。此年龄范围与早白垩世太平洋洋底快速扩张期相当。