广西德保铜矿床成因探讨

德保铜矿矿体主要赋存于花岗岩外接触带的寒武系碳酸盐岩岩层中,受后期断裂构造破坏明显.矽卡岩化岩(矿)石中Au、Ag、As、Bj、Sb等微量元素含量明显高于其他岩石,显示矽卡岩化作用是导致该区微量元素富集的主要原因.相同岩(矿)石的稀土元素配分曲线十分相似,不同岩(矿)石则差异很大,但稀土元素的总体特征显示铜矿化与花岗岩...     

湖南骑田岭白腊水锡矿床成矿年龄讨论

白腊水锡矿是骑田岭地区最重要的矿床,在该矿床中又以夕卡岩化破碎带蚀变岩型锡矿为主。通过矿床成矿环境和矿区及外围岩(矿)石K—Ar、锆石U-Pb、Rb-Sr等时线等和石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄资料的讨论,认为该矿床的成矿作用发生的燕山早期,年龄资料显示至少有2个成矿阶段;而且19号矿脉的主成矿阶段可能早于10号矿脉。     

江西红花脑矿区锡矿床地质特征及成因探讨

红花脑矿区锡矿是云山岩体周边地区新发现的一处小型矿床,它与桐木坑、邓家山矿区有着同样优越的成矿条件。矿(化)体类型有花岗岩原生节理构造蚀变岩型、花岗岩内接触带蚀变岩型、断裂构造蚀变岩型三种,结合矿化类型对矿床成因进行了探讨。     

湖南姑婆山钨锡矿田构造控矿特征与成因探讨

姑婆山钨锡矿田自岩体接触带往内依次分布夕卡岩型、夕卡岩-构造蚀变带复合型钨锡矿及构造蚀变带型锡矿,控矿构造研究表明,锡(钨)矿化及矿体主要受近EW、NE、NW向断裂及断裂与接触带构造复合控制,构造控矿型式多样,并决定矿(化)体的空间定位方式.硫、氢、氧、铅同位素等资料反映出成矿流体和成矿元素来源于燕山早期侵位的姑婆山岩体,不同矿床类型在成因上与岩体密切相关,属于与花岗岩体侵入有关的岩浆热液型矿床,只是风化、剥蚀条件不同,形成了不同的矿床类型.     

湘南芙蓉矿田白腊水锡矿床包裹体特征

白腊水锡矿床位于骑田岭复式岩体的南部,矿体受断裂构造带控制;矿脉(体)的分布及其形态、产状等受低序次断裂控制。矿物中V-L包裹体、V-L-Lco2包裹体发育,包裹体均一温度显示有三个区间,可划分为三个成矿阶段,反映出成矿多期次叠加的特征。根据石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄值(177Ma)和锡矿化强蚀变岩石Rb Sr同位素年龄(136Ma),表明成矿时代应为燕山早期,并且该矿床形成可能是二次成矿作用的产物。     

吉林省桦甸兴隆钨钼矿床地质特征及找矿方向

兴隆钨钼矿床属高中温热液矿床,矿体呈脉状产于燕山期花岗岩的断裂之中,矿体与云英岩化和硅化关系密切,矿化类型主要为石英脉-蚀变岩型,矿体主要受北西向构造控制.本文总结了矿床地质特征和成矿规律,确定了该区矿床的找矿标志.     

新疆贝勒库都克锡矿带含锡花岗岩地质特征

本文根据矿物、岩石、微量元素、稀土元素及同位素的研究,重点讨论了我国近年新发现的北方地区第一条独立锡矿带的海西期含锡和非含锡花岗岩的地质特征,确定了该区花岗岩的成因类型及其与锡矿化的关系,认定该区伴随海西运动出现I型、S型和A型三种花岗岩。与锡矿化有关的属S型和A型花岗岩,它们是在早期(造山期)I型和S型花岗岩的基础上进一步演化而隶属造山晚期—造山期后的产物。在上述研究的基础上,总结了该区含矿花岗岩与无矿花岗岩的综合判别标志,为该区及邻区同类锡矿的找寻与研究提供了依据。     

内蒙古扎鲁特旗巴尔哲超大型矿床控矿因素分析

内蒙古巴尔哲矿床不仅是超大型的REE-Zr-Nb-Ta-Be多金属矿床,同时也是大型的U-Th矿床。通过野外地质观察、地面伽玛能谱测量、岩矿鉴定和室内数据处理等,发现铀、钍主要以类质同像的形式存在于矿石矿物中;铍和稀土元素的独立矿物以羟硅铍钇铈矿和独居石为主;铌、钽、锆主要赋存在铌铁矿、烧绿石和锆石中。另外,从构造、岩性及蚀变特征三方面,对巴尔哲矿床的控矿因素进行了详细解剖,研究表明,巴尔哲矿床的铀钍矿化与稀有稀土矿化密切共生,均赋存于强蚀变钠闪石花岗岩中,蚀变主要为钠长石化和硅化。该矿床主要受构造和碱性花岗岩体的控制,是构造和碱性花岗质岩浆演化的耦合产物。      

西准噶尔萨吾尔地区黑山头金矿点二长岩锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学特征:对成矿前景的指示

黑山头金矿点是西准噶尔萨吾尔地区最新发现的金矿化点,通过对该金矿点赋矿岩石的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄以及地球化学特征的研究,探讨其构造背景及成因信息。黑山头金矿点赋矿岩石主要为二长岩,矿化区内发育钾长石化、硅化、青磐岩化、碳酸盐化等蚀变。二长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为351.1±3.2 Ma,表明其形成于早石炭世早期。主量元素特征显示其属于钙碱性准铝质岩石,相对洋中脊玄武岩富集Sr、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。二长岩为典型的I型花岗岩,区域地质及地球化学特征指示其形成于岛弧环境。矿区内二长岩具有高Sr、Na_2O和Al_2O_3,低Y和HREE等特征,与埃达克岩地球化学特征一致。样品具有较高的ε_(Nd)(t)和较低的(~(87_Sr/~(86)Sr)t,结合它们形成于晚古生代岛弧环境,暗示这些埃达克岩可能由俯冲洋壳熔融形成;而萨吾尔地区早石炭世晚期(340 Ma)中酸性侵入岩可能为玄武质下地壳熔融的产物。本次新发现的埃达克岩为该区进一步寻找斑岩矿床提供了有用线索,并且矿床围岩蚀变特征、矿化特征与斑岩矿床相似,暗示黑山头矿点具有良好的成矿条件和找矿潜力。     

湖南锡田钨锡多金属矿床成矿地质特征及成矿模式

通过对锡田钨锡多金属矿床地质特征的研究,认为锡田矿区钨锡多金属矿体的形态、产状及空间展布严格受岩体接触带及断裂构造控制;矿床类型主要为矽卡岩型,其次为破碎带蚀变岩型、云英岩型等;钨锡多金属成矿作用与岩浆活动密切相关:印支期花岗岩浆侵位形成矽卡岩型钨锡矿(化)体;燕山期花岗岩浆侵位导致早期矿化矽卡岩发生叠加矿化,同时在构造破碎带中形成云英岩型锡矿或破碎带蚀变岩型钨锡多金属矿体,是形成规模巨大的钨锡多金属工业矿床的必要条件.此外,提出了锡田矿区钨锡多金属矿的成矿模式.     

四川木落寨稀土矿床与成矿有关的花岗岩问题及其意义

通过对四川木落寨稀土矿床及与成矿有关的花岗岩的岩石特征、岩石化学以及稀土元素地球化学研究表明，与成矿有关的岩石是英碱正长岩，而不是前人认为的黑云母花岗岩。岩石Pb-Sr-Nd同位素研究说明矿区英碱正长岩及矿石具深源、甚至幔源特征，不同于通常具壳源特征的黑云母花岗岩。木落寨矿床与邻近的冕宁牦牛坪大型稀土矿床的成矿岩石相同，都为英碱正长岩，它们的矿床特征也相似。木落寨英碱正长岩的厘定对研究区域岩浆活动、寻找同类型的稀土金属矿产有重要意义。     

云南个旧锡铜多金属矿集区稀土元素分布特征

通过对云南个旧锡铜多金属矿集区内与成矿关系密切的玄武岩、花岗岩以及不同类型的矿石、围岩的研究,并进行了有关稀土元素地球化学参数的计算,对原始测试数据进行球粒陨石标准化后,分别建立了各种岩石、矿石的稀土元素配分模式。并对印支期的玄武岩、燕山中晚期含锡花岗岩和围岩等进行稀土元素特征分析与研究,认为个旧不同类型矿体稀土元素分配特征与其相关的围岩之间具有一定的继承性,矿集区的成矿物质来源具有多元和多期叠加的成矿特点。     

湖南秀才洞铀矿岩浆岩地质与地球化学特征及成因浅析

湖南秀才洞铀矿位于诸广山北部的鹿井矿田,极具找矿潜力。为进一步查明秀才洞铀矿成矿条件,揭示岩浆岩与成矿作用关系及成矿成岩机制,本文开展了典型矿床地质特征研究,并对矿区典型岩浆岩进行了主量元素、微量元素地球化学分析。结果表明：矿区岩体属酸性岩,具富Si低Ca偏碱特征;微量元素地球化学显示花岗岩富集Nb、U、Th和Ta等高场强元素,贫Sr、Ba、V、Cr、Co、Ni等元素,具典型A型花岗岩特征。岩浆岩及矿石稀土配分曲线均为“平展型”,具强Eu负异常特征,岩浆岩及矿石具有一定的同源性,可以为同一成矿系统。矿体均产于围岩与花岗岩接触带附近,并受断裂构造控制,岩浆岩和地层均提供了一定的铀源。结合矿床特征、成矿地质特征及与岩体的空间关系认为秀才洞铀矿是花岗岩外接触带型铀矿。     

粤北瑶岭钨矿矿化类型多样性与叠加性研究

粤北地处南岭钨锡成矿带的西南部,区内已发现众多规模大小不同的矿床(点),组成了著名的钨矿化集中区.瑶岭是其中一个中型石英脉型黑钨矿床,由于长期开采,瑶岭钨矿山原保有的黑钨矿资源储量濒临枯竭.2004年,在矿区南部碳酸盐岩与花岗岩岩体的接触带附近发现了夕卡岩型白钨矿化,不久又在矿区中深部的花岗岩体中发现了受断裂构造控制的构造蚀变型白钨矿工业矿化,揭示了钨矿化类型的多样性和叠加性.通过对区内不同类型钨矿化分布规律总结,将为钨矿化集中区新一轮的钨矿地质找矿工作提供新启示.     

湖北随州黑龙潭-汪家塆地区金矿地质特征及成因初探

黑龙潭-汪家塆金矿床受控于区内北西向断裂带。矿体呈透镜状、脉状和似层状产出。围岩蚀变主要为石英化、绢云母化及黄铁矿化。矿石类型可分为蚀变岩型、蚀变碎裂岩型及石英脉型三种。根据矿石包裹体成分、同位素特征及稀土元素组成的研究,认为该矿床成矿物质系来自围岩和七尖峰花岗岩体,属地下热（卤）水混合热液成因。     

江西金山金矿床稀土元素地球化学特征及意义

稀土元素在地质体中的丰度及分布形式与地质体的发生发展及物质组成有关.通过对比分析矿床的稀土元素组成特征及分布模式,研究矿床围岩、蚀变带及各类矿石的稀土元素地球化学行为,认为在高水/岩比值下热液蚀变作用使其稀土元素产生明显的带入和带出,但成岩和成矿物质具有继承性演化的特点.含金石英脉的稀土元素地球化学特征表明成矿流体具有多源性.石英脉成因不同,是不同成矿阶段热液与构造共同作用的产物.本次工作发现的硅质岩,其地球化学特征表明是一种混有火山物质或陆源物质的过渡类型热水沉积岩,可能指示该矿床早期存在热水喷流成岩成矿作用.     

芙蓉锡矿方解石稀土元素地球化学特征及其对成矿流体来源的指示

方解石是芙蓉锡矿田重要的脉石矿物。根据芙蓉矿田白蜡水矿区和狗头岭矿区不同产状(云英岩型、蚀变岩体型和构造蚀变带-矽卡岩型)矿石中方解石稀土元素地球化学特征研究表明:两矿区成矿期热液方解石具有两种稀土模式,LREE(轻稀土元素)富集型和相对平坦型。其中,蚀变岩体型方解石所具有的相对平坦型稀土模式代表了LREE带出后残余热液的稀土模式特征,而云英岩型和构造蚀变带—矽卡岩型方解石的LREE富集型稀土模式与骑田岭新鲜花岗岩类似,表明成矿过程中没有LREE明显带出的迹象,残余热液继承了岩浆期后热液的特征。成矿流体来源于骑田岭花岗岩岩浆期后热液。     

Characteristics of rare-earth elements （REE）, strontium and neodymium isotopes in hydrothermal fluorites from the Bailashui tin deposit in the Furong ore field,southern Hunan Province,China

In this paper the authors present the REE concentrations and Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of fluorites from the Bailashui tin deposit of the Furong ore field, southern Hunan Province. The results showed that the total amount of REE in fluorites is usually low, ranging from 0.705 to 8.785 μg/g with the chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns similar to those of the Qitianling granites in the study area, characterized by LREE-enrichment patterns with pronounced negative Eu anomalies. The fluorites vary in Sr isotopic composition within the range of 0.7083-0.7091, the values are lower than those of the granites and higher than those of the host carbonate rocks in this area. The εNd（t） values of fluorites vary between -9.4 and ＋10.3, revealing that both the crust- and mantle-source materials were involved in the ore-forming hydrothermal fluids. Combined with previous studies on this ore deposit, the Bailashui tin deposit is temporally and spatially closely related with granitic magmatism in this area. The hydrothermal fluorites are the product of fluid/rock interactions between granitic magmatic hydrothermal fluid and marine carbonate rocks. The REE and F in the ore-forming fluid were derived from the granites, whereas Sr in the ore-forming fluid came mainly from the granitic magmatic hydrothermal fluid and marine carbonate rocks, although variations in Sr isotopic composition cannot be explained by a simple mixture of these two end-members. Evidence demonstrated that the ore-forming fluids are of crustal-mantle mixing origin, but that the fluids were probably incompletely homogenized and this may be caused by inhomogeneous mixing of the fluids of different sources.     

河南省西峡县太平镇稀土矿床地质特征及找矿远景研究

太平镇稀土矿床是河南省首个新发现的中型稀土矿床,填补了河南省稀土矿的空白。通过近几年的勘查在该矿区共发现稀土矿化带7条,圈出稀土矿体17个,估算稀土氧化物总量超过17×104 t。文章通过系统梳理分析太平镇稀土矿床的矿区地质、矿体特征,基于详细野外调研及室内测试分析认为:(1)太平镇稀土矿床是以Ce、La、Nd、Pr为主的轻稀土矿矿床,最主要的矿石矿物为氟碳铈矿;(2)稀土矿体严格受北西向构造破碎带控制,围岩为加里东期斜长花岗岩和二郎坪群火神庙组变质岩;(3)放射性及萤石矿、金矿等采矿遗迹,围岩硅化、黄铁矿化、萤石化、重晶石、绢云母化和褐铁矿化,石英-方解石-辉钼矿、石英-重晶石-方解石-氟碳铈矿-黄铁矿、石英-萤石-重晶石-氟碳铈矿、褐铁矿-褐帘石-黄铁矿-蓝铜矿-氟碳铈矿-萤石-重晶石-方解石矿物共生组合是找矿标志;(4)太平镇-板山坪复式背斜核部附近发育加里东期张性断裂带的部位是寻找太平镇式稀土矿的远景区。     

Characteristic Features of Tin–iron–copper Mineralization in the Anle-Huanggangliang Mining Area, Inner Mongolia, China

Abstract: The Anle Sn‐Cu and Huanggangliang Fe‐Sn deposits have been exploited in the Linxi district, which is located 165 km northwest of Chifeng City in northern China. In this study the formation mechanisms of the tin deposits in the Anle and Huanggangliang mining area were investigated to understand the mechanisms of tin mineralization in northern China. The veins of the Anle deposit are divided into cassiterite–quartz–chlorite veins, chalcopyrite‐bearing quartz veins, cassi–terite–chalcopyrite–bearing quartz veins and sphalerite‐quartz veins. The sequence of mineralization is tin mineralization (stage I), copper mineralization (stage II), and lead‐zinc mineralization (stage III). The Huanggangliang tin deposit consists of magnetite skarn orebodies and many cassiterite‐bearing feldspar–fluorite veins and veinlets cutting the magnetite orebodies. The fluid inclusions in quartz and fluorite in ores from the Anle and Huanggangliang tin deposits are divided into two‐phase fluid inclusions, vapor‐rich fluid inclusions and poly‐phase fluid inclusions. The final homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions of quartz in the ores of the Anle deposit and fluorite of tin‐bearing feldspar veins in the Huanggangliang tin deposit range from 195 to 425C and from 215 to 450C, respectively. The fluids responsible for the Anle and Huanggangliang tin deposits were of very high temperature and NaCl‐rich ones containing K, Ca, Al, Si, Ti, Fe and Cl in addition to ore metals such as Sn and Cu. The temperature and chemical composition of fluid in fluid inclusions of igneous rocks in the mining area are very similar to those of fluid in fluid inclusions in the ores of these deposits. The fluid for these ore deposits had a close relation with the fluid coexisting with melt of Late Jurassic granitic rocks in this mining area. Salinities of fluid inclusions from these ore deposits and granitic rocks in the mining area were estimated to range from 35 to 50 wt % NaCl equivalent. Based on arsenopy‐rite geothermometry and fluid inclusion studies, a fluid containing 40 wt% NaCl (eq.) could be formed by phase separation of fluid having 6 wt% NaCl (eq.) at a temperature of 420 to 500C and a pressure of 0.3 to 0.4 kb. The temperatures and pressures presented above indicate an NaCl‐rich magmatic fluid derived from granitic melt that had intruded into a shallow level of crust caused the Sn–Fe–Cu mineralization of the mining area. The geological relationship between these ore deposits and granitic bodies around the ore deposits, and the similarity of fluids forming these ore deposits and coexisting with granitic melt, suggest that these ore deposits were formed by the activity of fluid derived from granitic melt in Late Jurassic age.