关于华东志留、泥盆纪含鱼层时代的商榷

华东地区在古生代主要有两个含鱼层位:一为泥盆系上部的五通群,含胴甲鱼、总鳍鱼以及植物化石,其时代经长期争论渐趋统一,改变了以往根据植物化石划入早石炭世的看法;另一是志留系上部(?)地层,即江苏的茅山群和浙江的唐家坞群,所含化石除胴甲鱼外,还有属于无颌类的异甲鱼和最近划入硬骨鱼纲的棘鱼类以及一些无脊椎动物化石。     

湖南澧县山门水库周边志留纪含鱼地层新知

湘西北的志留纪海相红层发育、鱼化石丰富,其中湖南澧县山门水库周边地区的志留系以含世界范围内胴甲鱼类乃至盾皮鱼类的最低层位而著称。然而前人在山门水库周边地区未曾系统开展志留系的地层学工作,含Shimenolepis graniferus等盾皮鱼类与中华棘鱼类鳍刺化石的准确层位以及相关志留纪地层的精确划分迄今尚无确切记载与详细讨论。依据2008年以来的3次野外地质考察、剖面测制、鱼类化石发掘与初步研究,对该地区出露的志留纪含鱼地层及层序进行了厘定,相关地层包括含丰富中华棘鱼类鳍刺化石的下红层溶溪组、含丰富盾皮鱼类化石的罗德洛统红层小溪组以及夹于二者之间、在本地区尚未见鱼化石的秀山组。在此基础上,探讨了澧县地区志留纪含鱼地层的时代,并与华南其他地区志留纪含鱼地层进行了对比。研究工作的开展,不仅为深入研究胴甲鱼类乃至盾皮鱼类的形态学、系统学以及探讨有颌类的早期演化等方面提供了一批鱼类化石新材料,而且为华南扬子区志留纪两套海相红层——下红层与罗德洛统红层的划分对比及其时代归属提供了可靠的古鱼类学证据。     

云南早期有颌类化石形态学研究新进展

有颌类的出现是脊椎动物演化历史上的里程碑,云南是世界早期有颌类研究的最重要的地区之一。云南的盾皮鱼类包含在节甲鱼类、瓣甲鱼类、胴甲鱼类三大类群和向硬骨鱼类的过渡类群中,硬骨鱼类以肉鳍鱼类为主,棘鱼类、软骨鱼类和部分硬骨鱼类呈微体化石保存。云南早期有颌类化石的形态学研究已经历了56年,本文回顾总结发现于云南、分布在5个动物群16个组合中的75属82种早期有颌类的整体形态学特征,并展望云南早期有颌类化石未来的研究方向。     

宁夏中宁泥盆纪沟鳞鱼及桨鳞鱼的发现及其意义

1973—1974年宁夏区域地质调查队三分队在宁夏中宁地区发现了丰富的胴甲鱼类化石,其中有沟鳞鱼、桨鳞鱼和少量的珠鳞鱼科化石。这一发现不仅扩大了这类鱼化石的地理分布范围,而且为探讨西北地区早期华力西运动,提供了生物地层学方面的依据。本文引用的地层名称系宁夏区调队三分队命名。     

南京地区岩关早期地层——茨山组

<正> 南京地区的下石炭统,按其岩性及生物群特征,自下而上分为茨山组、金陵组、高骊山组、和州组及老虎洞组五个地层单位。茨山组为本文创立,该组包括原划为上泥盆统五通组擂鼓台段上部的一套碎屑岩和金陵组底部含腕足类化石的砂岩。关于五通组的时代,潘江(1953)在南京龙潭的五通组(当时称五通系)上部发现繁盛于泥盆纪的胴甲鱼类(Antiarchi)。根据鱼化石的特征,刘东生、潘江(1958)认为五通组的时代是晚泥盆世早期或中泥盆世晚期。罗兴、潘鹏(1959)在南京龙潭相当含胴甲鱼的层位中,采到了具晚泥盆世特征的斜方薄皮木(Leptophloeum rhombicum Dawson)植物。李星学(1963)根据上述鱼     

江西古生代鱼类

江西是古生代鱼类发育的重要地区之一。所获鱼类化石既有无颌类，又有丰盛的有颌类。前者之代表性属种是产在赣北志留纪地层的中华盔甲鱼和修水多鳃鱼；后者以胴甲类为主，产在中、晚泥盆世地层中，代表性属类有沟鳞鱼、星鳞鱼、浆鳞鱼、湖南鱼和江西鱼等。本文首次系统地介绍了各种鱼的主要特征、产地层位、生存环境等。     

新疆塔里木盆地胴甲鱼类化石发现的意义

在塔里木盆地北缘草湖２＃井下近６０００ｍ处的巴楚组下段发现了胴甲鱼类化石，根据这些材料，认为该段的时代为晚泥盆世，与其相当的东河砂岩时代也应属晚泥盆世。     

辽西建昌县玲珑塔含翼龙和带羽毛恐龙化石地层层序和时代归属

最近辽西建昌地区报道发现了一系列带羽毛恐龙和翼龙化石, 其赋存化石的地层层位时代一直富有争议。我们结合前人资料对玲珑塔含化石地层剖面进行了野外调查和实测, 厘定了含化石地层沉积层序和时代归属。剖面顶底岩石组合特征主要以溢流相中性熔岩和近火山口相火山碎屑岩为主, 中间层位为河流相-湖泊相碎屑岩。该剖面产有大量叶肢介、介形类、双壳类、昆虫、鱼类、植物化石和大量脊椎动物化石。上述化石指示含恐龙化石地层时代为中侏罗世。通过区域对比认为含恐龙化石地层与区域上髫髻山组地层层序和岩石组合相似, 因此认为含恐龙化石地层为中侏罗世髫髻山组(火山岩同位素年代学年龄范围为152~165 Ma)。     

孤峯層鱼化石的发现与其意义

自从在南京龙潭乌桐系顶部泥质页岩中发现了胴甲鱼化石后,乌桐系的地质时代问题引起了古生物学家很大注意,并展开了讨论。去年6月笔者有机会到该地区进行一次采集,在同一層位中不但采到一些植物化石(有的保存很好),而且幸运地获得一塊较完好的胴甲鱼标本。     

中国瓣甲鱼类化石的生物地层学意义

瓣甲鱼类在我国泥盆系中分布较广,具有相当重要的生物地层学意义。根据化石在地层中的分布,我国的辦甲鱼类自上而下可分为5个组合(带):拟辦鱼一广西辦甲鱼(Quasipetalichthys-Guangsipetalichthys)组合,宽头鱼(Eurycaraspis)带,中华瓣甲鱼-西南瓣甲鱼(Sinipetalichthys-Xinanpetalichthys)组合,新瓣鱼(Neopetalichthys)带,滇东瓣甲鱼(Diandongpetalichthys)带。它们的时代分别相当于吉维期,吉维期早期,布拉格期,布拉格期早期和洛赫科夫期早期。     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861     

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

正20141768 An Shaopeng(Institute of Rock and Soil Mechannics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China);Wei Lide Experimental Study on Mechanical Behavior of Xigeda Formation Siltstone and Structure Interface(Journal of Engineering Geology,ISSN1004-9665,CN11-3249/P,21(5),2013,p.702-708,9illus.,1 table,16 refs.)