广西大厂锡多金属矿田亢马矿床地质特征及成矿时代

亢马矿床是广西大厂锡多金属矿田东矿带中一个研究程度较低的中型锡多金属矿床。矿床特征研究表明,区内的锡多金属矿化主要呈脉状产出,明显受构造控制,成矿作用以充填-交代为主,后生成矿作用特征明显。成矿作用可分为3个阶段,各阶段的完全均一温度分别为30 0～35 0℃、2 10～2 80℃、14 5～175℃。石英流体包裹体Rb- Sr测年获得等时线年龄为94 .1±2 .7Ma(2σ) ,表明成矿时代属燕山晚期,成矿流体的87Sr/ 86 Sr初始值为0 .710 15 ,与大厂矿田中部龙箱盖黑云母花岗岩87Sr/ 86 Sr的初始值0 .7110接近。成矿年龄与成矿流体的87Sr/ 86 Sr初始值均表明亢马锡多金属矿的成矿作用与区内的龙箱盖岩体具有一定的成生联系。     

广西大厂矿田长坡——铜坑锡多金属矿床锡石LA-MC-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄及其地质意义

长坡—铜坑锡多金属矿位于广西大厂锡多金属矿田的西矿带,层状矿体广泛发育,但由于缺乏直接的成矿年龄数据,其成因还存在较大争议。利用锡石原位LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb法对采自92号层状矿体的三个锡石样品进行年代学研究,获得n(206Pb)/n(207Pb)—n(238U)/n(207Pb)等时线年龄为95.8±2.6 Ma(MSWD=6.3),与通过石英40Ar/39Ar法、透长石的激光原位40Ar/39Ar法及石英Rb-Sr等时线法获得的年龄(91.4±2.9~94.52±0.33)Ma在误差范围内一致,说明通过锡石原位LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb法定年在该类型矿床的年代学研究行之有效。同时,通过年代学佐证了锡的成矿与龙箱盖岩体第二阶段侵位(96.6~93.86 Ma)为同一时期,认为成矿与岩浆作用关系密切。     

大厂长坡-铜坑锡多金属矿床成矿作用分析

从长坡-铜坑锡多金属矿矿床地质出发,分析其热水沉积成矿和岩浆热液成矿的证据,认为其主要成矿作用为泥盆纪热水沉积成矿,燕山期花岗岩浆热液则对早期的热水沉积矿体进行叠加改造,故矿床是热水沉积成矿-岩浆热液叠加改造的产物。     

大厂锡多金属矿田铜坑-长坡矿床流体包裹体研究

铜坑-长坡锡石硫化物矿床是桂西北大厂矿田中的一个超大型矿床,由浅部的脉状矿体和中-深部的层状矿体组成。文章应用显微测温和激光拉曼光谱分析对铜坑-长坡矿床进行了系统的流体包裹体参数和成分的测试。结果显示,铜坑-长坡矿床脉状和层状矿体的流体包裹体具有相同特征,包裹体的类型主要有CO2型和NaCl-H2O型。3个成矿阶段的均—温度分别为：270～365℃,210～240℃和140～190℃。早阶段(Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段)成矿流体成分主要为CO2和H2O,含少量CH4和H2S,密度为0．324～1．093g／cm^3,盐度w(NaCleq)主要集中于1％～7％;晚阶段(Ⅲ阶段)成矿流体成分主要为H2O,且Ca^2 和Mg^2 含量增加,密度为0．893～0．972g／Cm^3,盐度w(NaCleq)主要集中于3％～10％。流体包裹体特征和He、Ar、S同位素组成共同表明,铜坑-长坡矿床脉状及层状矿体具有相同的成矿物质来源和相同的成因,成矿作用与燕山期构造、岩浆热事件有关。基于^3He／^4He比值高和富CO2流体的存在,认为在铜坑-长坡矿床成矿过程中有深部地幔流体的参与。     

赣南金竹坪钨矿床多期成矿作用特征及地质意义

金竹坪矿床是南岭东段赣南地区钨多金属成矿带内一处典型的石英脉型钨矿床。燕山期隐伏中粗粒(或似斑状)黑云母二长花岗岩与成矿作用密切相关,早期矿体受后期热液交代作用改造强烈而表现多世代成矿的特征。关于隐伏岩体与多期成矿活动的时间,目前依然缺乏精确的年代学制约。本文利用锆石和黑钨矿LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年方法对矿床内似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩及3个世代的黑钨矿进行定年,揭示成矿多期演化史,并探讨成矿作用过程。结果显示,似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩岩浆锆石年龄为(155.2±0.7) Ma, 3个世代黑钨矿年龄分别为(164.9±2.4) Ma、(157.4±1.0) Ma和(144.8±1.8) Ma。综合分析认为金竹坪钨矿床隐伏岩体侵位于159～155 Ma,三期热液钨矿化作用形成于164.9～144.8 Ma,它们均系燕山期南岭钨锡多金属成矿带大规模成岩成矿作用的产物。前两个世代钨矿化年龄与花岗岩体侵位时代在误差范围内基本一致,处于南岭中—晚侏罗世成矿高峰期;而第三个世代钨矿化则较岩体形成晚约10 Ma,可能代表中晚侏罗世成矿作用后新发生的一期早白垩世钨矿化作用。     

铜陵新桥Cu-S-Fe矿床下盘石英黄铁矿脉石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr同位素定年

为了探讨新桥Cu—S—Fe矿床的形成是否经历过海西期海底喷流沉积成矿作用,在详细的野外调研和室内工作基础上,对层状矿体下盘石英黄铁矿脉中的石英流体包裹体进行Rb-Sr同位素定年分析。研究结果表明:下盘石英黄铁矿脉中的石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄为138.0±2.3Ma(MSWD=5.4),与矶头复式岩株的成岩年龄相近(140.4±2.2Ma),而且下盘网脉状矿化石英流体包裹体中流体的n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)初始值(0.71138±0.00014)和矶头岩株的n(~(87)Sr)/n(~(86)Sr)初始比值相近,说明下盘网脉状矿化为岩浆热液成因,并非为海西期海底喷流通道。与典型海底喷流沉积矿床进行地质特征对比分析也发现,新桥Cu—S—Fe矿床地质特征有别于典型的海底喷流沉积矿床。综合分析认为,新桥Cu—S—Fe矿床应属于燕山期岩浆热液矿床。     

云南个旧锡铜多金属矿区云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄及其地质意义

云南个旧是全球最大的锡铜多金属矿区,主要成矿作用是与燕山期花岗岩密切相关的岩浆-热液体系。矿区内铜矿的主要矿床类型为变玄武岩型层状铜矿和接触带型铜矿。赋存于花岗岩体的凹陷部位,接触带型铜矿体和氧化型矿体的精确年龄尚未有报道。以老厂矿田内与铜矿体同期的等粒花岗岩脉中的黑云母和与氧化矿同时形成的白云母作为研究对象,利用常规~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar同位素定年方法,获得了黑云母和白云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄分别为82.47±0.49Ma和76.17±0.42Ma,相应的正等时线年龄为82.38±0.48Ma和76.07±0.66Ma,反等时线年龄为82.38±0.49Ma和76.07±0.73Ma。结合野外地质接触关系和矿区内其他年代学结果认为,黑云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄82.38±0.48Ma可以代表接触带型铜矿体的形成年龄,也揭示了新山花岗岩体形成后的快速冷却作用过程;白云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄76.07±0.73Ma指示了氧化型矿体的形成年龄,也记录了矿区内与甲介山同期的南北向断裂的晚期活动时限。该年龄与个旧锡铜多金属矿床的成矿时代一致。     

黑龙江省漠河县洛古河多金属矿床成因与成矿时代

洛古河矿床为额尔古纳地块东北部的一个以铅锌为主、伴生铜钼的多金属矿床。为确定该矿床的成因、形成时代及构造背景,开展矿床地质特征研究和同位素测年工作。矿床地质研究表明,该矿床的主矿体主要呈层状、似层状和透镜状,赋存于额尔古纳河组大理岩与黑云母二长花岗岩的接触带附近;矿石中金属矿物主要为方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、辉钼矿,矿石构造以浸染状构造和细脉状构造为主;围岩蚀变类型主要包括矽卡岩化、硅化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化和绿帘石化。同位素测年结果表明,钻孔中矿体附近的黑云母二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄变化范围为137 Ma±3 Ma~123 Ma±1 Ma,加权平均值为131.4 Ma±2.1 Ma(n=21,可信度95%);矿区内花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄变化范围为129 Ma±1Ma~116Ma±2Ma,加权平均值为121.8Ma±1.9Ma(n=16,可信度95%);矽卡岩型多金属矿石中辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为127.1 Ma±2.1 Ma。综合分析认为,洛古河矿床属接触交代型多金属矿床,黑云母二长花岗岩为成矿岩体,成岩成矿时代为130 Ma~120 Ma,属大兴安岭北部早白垩世强烈构造岩浆作用的产物。结合区域构造演化及同时代同类矿床对比分析,初步认为洛古河多金属矿床成岩成矿作用发生于蒙古—鄂霍次克洋俯冲闭合后的造山后伸展的构造背景。     

湘东锡田垄上锡多金属矿床40Ar/39Ar同位素定年研究

垄上锡多金属矿床是湘东锡田锡矿田中的一个大型矿床,矿体赋存在锡田复式花岗岩体与泥盆系中统棋梓桥组的接触带中.笔者以白云母为测试对象,利用40Ar/39Ar同位素定年方法,精确厘定了该矿床的形成时间.结果表明:垄上矿床2个白云母样品的40Ar/39Ar坪年龄分别为(155.6±1.3)Ma、(157.2±1.4)Ma,等时线年龄分别为(155.4±1.7)Ma(MSWD=0.74)、(156.5±1.7)Ma(MSWD=1.4),与该矿田中的荷树下锡多金属矿床的成矿年龄(150 Ma)在误差范围内一致,也与锡田复式岩体早期花岗岩侵入时间(151～165 Ma)吻合.因此得出以下认识:湘东锡田地区主要锡多金属矿床的成矿年龄为150～160 Ma;成矿作用与区内的锡田复式花岗岩体关系密切,它们都是华南燕山早期大规模成岩成矿作用高峰期的产物.     

滇东北毛坪铅锌矿床的成矿时代:闪锌矿Rb-Sr定年

毛坪铅锌矿床是滇东北地区代表性矿床之一,目前尚缺乏精确的成矿年代学数据。该文对选自块状铅锌矿石的4件闪锌矿单矿物样品进行了Rb-Sr同位素定年,获得等时线年龄为321.7±5.8 Ma(MSWD=1.5),表明毛坪铅锌矿床的主成矿作用发生于石炭纪。此外,闪锌矿~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始值为0.712166±0.000017,低于大陆地壳~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr平均值(0.719)且高于地幔Sr初始值(0.707),暗示成矿物质主要来源于大陆地壳并混有少量地幔物质。综合前人研究成果,作者认为毛坪铅锌矿属后生矿床,与晚二叠世峨眉山大火成岩省玄武岩浆活动无成因联系,类似于典型的MVT矿床,且滇东北地区可能发育多期铅锌矿化作用。     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...     

深港西部通道填海区地下水铜、钒、铊、镉、钨迁移的实验研究

填海工程使滨海地区的地下水物理化学条件改变,导致该区域地下水中重金属浓度升高。本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,采用实验室模拟填海条件的办法,初步探讨了影响填海区地下水重金属迁移的关键因素。模拟实验结果表明,填海区地下水中钨元素含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;铜元素含量升高则与淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;钒元素含量升高与地下水淡化和淤泥氧化过程有关,而其他元素含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关。     

山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义

在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

Geology, mineralogy, and PGE mineralization of the copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, Sredinny Range, Kamchatka

The geology and mineralogy of host metamorphic rocks, the mineralogy of sulfide ores, and the distribution of PGE mineralization were studied in detail for the Kvinum-1 and Kvinum-2 copper-nickel occurrences of the Kvinum ore field, which are the most promising targets for the copper-nickel-PGE mineralization of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka. It was established that stringer-disseminated and massive copper-nickel ores are localized in amphibole peridotites, cortlandites, and form ore bodies varying from tens of centimeters to 5–20 m thick among the layered cortlandite-gabbroid massifs. The massive sulfide ores were found only at the bottom of cortlandite bodies and upsection grade into stringer-disseminated and disseminated ores. Pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and pentlandite are the major ore minerals with a sharply subordinate amount of pyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, and löllingite. Besides pentlandite, the Ni-bearing minerals include sulforasenides (gersdorffite), arsenides (nickeline), and tellurides (melonite) of nickel. It was found that PGE mineralization represented by antimonides (sudburyite) and tellurobismuthides (michenerite) of Pd with sharply subordinate platinum arsenide (sperrylite) is confined to the apical parts of massive sulfide zones and the transition zone to the stringer-disseminated ores. Ore intervals enriched in arsenides and tellurides of Ni, Pd, and Bi contain high-purity gold. In the central parts of the orebodies, the contents of PGE and native gold are insignificant. It is suggested that the contents of major sulfide minerals and the productivity of PGE mineralization in the cortlandites are defined by combined differentiation and sulfurization of ultramafic derivatives under the effect of fluids, which are accumulated at the crystallization front and cause layering of parental magmas with different sulfur contents. The fluid-assisted layering of mafic-ultramafic massifs resulted in the contrasting distribution of PGM in response to uneven distribution of sulfur (as well as As, Te, and Bi) during liquid immiscibility. The productivity of PGE mineralization significantly increases with increasing contents of S, As, Te, and Bi (elements to which Pt and, especially, Pd have high affinity) in fluids.     

Depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer, based on geophysical exploration, southern Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA

 A geophysical survey was conducted to determine the depth of the base of the water-table aquifer in the southern part of Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA. Audio-magnetotellurics (AMT) measurements at 77 sites in the study area yielded electrical-resistivity logs of the subsurface, and these were used to infer lithologic changes with depth. A 100–600 ohm-m geoelectric layer, designated the Jackson aquifer, was used to represent surficial saturated, unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age. The median depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is estimated to be 200 ft (61 m), based on 62 sites that had sufficient resistivity data. AMT-measured values were kriged to predict the depth to the base of the aquifer throughout the southern part of Jackson Hole. Contour maps of the kriging predictions indicate that the depth of the base of the Jackson aquifer is shallow in the central part of the study area near the East and West Gros Ventre Buttes, deeper in the west near the Teton fault system, and shallow at the southern edge of Jackson Hole. Predicted, contoured depths range from 100 ft (30 m) in the south, near the confluences of Spring Creek and Flat Creek with the Snake River, to 700 ft (210 m) in the west, near the town of Wilson, Wyoming. Received, May 1997 · Revised, February 1998 · Accepted, April 1998     

西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体岩石成因

以出露在西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体为研究对象,从野外地质调查、岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、元素和Lu-Hf同位素地球化学等方面对其进行了分析研究。结果显示：秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体类似于A型花岗岩,形成于古近纪(E1),其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(62.0±0.5)~(63.0±0.5) Ma;岩体形成的温度较高(锆石饱和温度为745~805 ℃,平均766 ℃);岩石富SiO2(72.6%~75.0%)、Na2O(2.86%~3.59%)和K2O(4.12%~5.25%),贫CaO(0.72%~1.39%)和MgO(0.26%~0.36%),高FeOT/MgO值(7.26~10.3),属高钾钙碱性系列,弱过铝质;岩石具明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.40~0.70),普遍表现出Ba、Sr、P、Ti元素的亏损和Rb、Th、K、Zr、Hf元素的富集。εHf(t)值为-4.7~-1.8,其两阶段地壳Hf模式年龄tDM2为(1.1~1.3) Ga。秦马弄A型花岗岩体是冈底斯基底地壳物质部分熔融的岩浆产物,形成于古近纪印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞引起的总体为岛弧背景下的局部拉张构造环境。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.