共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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矿物纤维粉尘表面及体内外安全性评估研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本项目探讨了天然纤维材料的表面化学活性—生物活性—生物持久性、生物毒性—环境安全性,试图寻求工业矿物、环境医学、材料价值的联合评估。研究工作对生物大分子静电配合物和阳离子配合物形成,对带电粉尘及其出溶阳离子的行为、粉尘及其衍生物与体液、细胞膜、胞内物质作用方式与细胞代谢有重要意义;也为粉尘毒性的可改造性及工业矿物纤维的安全处理提供了有效的途径;对阐明氨基酸蛋白质膜功能与结构,以及含有外露蛋白质的其它机体单元的粉尘溶解、反应、配合与破坏;粉尘中的硅成分在体内的残留、溶解、运移方式、硅肺的治疗和… 相似文献
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纤蛇纹石石棉及代用纤维粉尘的光谱研究与噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以纤蛇纹石石棉、陶瓷纤维、玻璃纤维、岩棉、硅灰石为受试物,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测染毒72h后V79细胞的存活率,并通过吉姆萨染色观察细胞形态学上的变化。不同浓度ρ/(μg.ml-1)的矿物粉尘(100,200,400,600,800,1000)作用72h后,V79存活率下降,细胞增殖明显受到抑制并出现大量细胞衰亡,呈现出剂量效应关系,且细胞毒性大小为玻璃纤维>纤蛇纹石石棉>陶瓷纤维>硅灰石>岩棉;形态学观察发现染毒细胞出现空泡、肿胀、裸核、黑褐色颗粒以及胞浆胞核模糊、形态变化等现象,且不同的粉尘对V79细胞的影响不同。总体而言,岩棉是五种粉尘中毒性最低的石棉代用纤维。 相似文献
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盾构隧道施工中采用了特殊的工艺——壁后注浆,包裹了隧道表面预埋设的土压力计,壁后注浆对土压力计的包裹将影响其监测结果的可靠性。在注浆体力学试验基础上,建立能考虑注浆体固结硬化过程的有限元模型,探讨注浆体层的包裹对土压力计监测结果的影响。注浆体注入盾尾空隙后,终凝前处于流动状态,具有较强调节土压力计部位局部土体不均匀沉降和畸变应力场的能力,监测土压力与实际较为接近,其匹配误差远小于通常地下结构表面监测土压力的匹配误差。 相似文献
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原生有机质及沥青的有机地球化学研究结果表明矿区存在微弱的热异常,地层中原生有机质含量极低,沥青是成矿过程中由含矿热液他地带来的迁移型流体烃,流体迁烃在迁移时发生轻烃组分的分馏。在成矿部位,含有硫酸盐,铅锌和流体烃的深湖热液与携带硫酸盐还原细菌的大气降水汇合,流体烃发生生物降解和水洗溶解并引起硫酸盐的生物还原,生成硫化氢,导致铅锌硫化物沉淀,形成矿床。 相似文献
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原生有机质及沥青的有机地球化学研究结果表明矿区存在微弱的热异常,地层中原生有机质含量极低,沥青是成矿过程中由含矿热液从他地带来的迁移型流体烃。流体烃在迁移时发生轻烃组分的分馏。在成矿部位,含有硫酸盐、铅锌和流体烃的深源热液(温度60一]00℃)与携带硫酸盐还原细菌的大气降水汇合,流体烃发生生物降解和水洗溶解并引起硫酸盐的生物还原,生成硫化氢,导致铅锌硫化物沉淀,形成矿床。 相似文献
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地应力对碳酸盐岩溶解和岩溶发育的影响研究是一个值得注意但又长期被忽视的问题, 结合地球化学、地质热力学、矿物岩石学、岩石弹塑性力学方面的知识, 在理论上全面地分析地应力的影响.研究表明, 在应力作用下, 碳酸盐岩岩体内应变能提高、溶解反应自由能增加、裂隙发育特征与水流运动条件发生变化, 使得碳酸盐岩固体表面处溶解物饱和浓度增大, 改变了岩体内水流的厚度、水流流态以及水中碳酸盐岩溶解物浓度, 从而影响了碳酸盐岩的溶解速率; 且应力的存在改变了有效的水岩相互作用面积; 应力作用下碳酸盐岩溶解存在的"应力-溶解"耦合竞争循环机制使得岩溶发育出现混沌现象和自组织行为, 初始应力介入所导致的一个很微小的影响因可被迅速放大至成百上千倍而不可忽略, 自然界中碳酸盐岩岩体内溶解和结晶并存、串珠状溶洞以及孤立溶洞的形成发育机制一定程度上可归结为应力溶解自组织行为的结果. 相似文献
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碎屑岩储层中有机包裹体的形成机制研究 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
有机包裹全的形成与一般无机包裹体的形成可有较大区别,它除了可在矿物结晶过程中形成(象无机包裹体)外,更重要的成因是它可在与岩石相互作用过程中形成,笔者着重对这种新的形成机制进行了分析研究,经研究表明,赋存于碎屑岩储层中石英裂隙,加大边及粒间包裹体,是由于油气(特别是羧酸)溶解了石英及铝硅酸,碳酸盐形成一定空间后,油气充填其中再封闭而成的,这是油一岩反应的结果,不同赋存状态的有机包裹体实际上是同一过 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):955-963
When asbestos fibres become airborne, they can be inhaled into the lungs, where they may cause significant health problems. The latter includes progressive pulmonary fibrosis (asbestosis), pleural disease (effusion and pleural plaques) and malignancies such as bronchogenic carcinoma and malignant mesothelioma. The term asbestos applies to a group of hydrated fibrous mineral silicates including those belonging to the serpentine group of phyllosilicates (chrysotile) and amphiboles. However, only the ‘asbestiform varieties’ of amphiboles such as grunerite (amosite), riebeckite (crocidolite), anthophyllite, tremolite and actinolite are regarded as asbestos (s.s.). This implies that ‘non-asbestiform varieties’ of such minerals, that nevertheless generate acicular cleavage fragments, cannot be regarded as asbestos s.s. We argue that a discussion on the term asbestos goes beyond mere semantics, because for environmental regulatory bodies, the definition of a term can make the difference between classifying a mineral as harmful or non-harmful. A case of mesothelioma in the small mining town of La Higuera, northern Chile, may shed some light into this matter, because this form of cancer is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos. The town hosts about 20,000 t of fine-grained tailings left behind after flotation of Cu sulphides during 1950–1979. The ore was extracted from actinolite-rich, copper-iron vein deposits. We show that, if a ‘non-asbestiform variety’ of amphibole (e.g. La Higuera actinolite) is finely ground, it will cleave to asbestos-like acicular crystals and as such has the potential to induce similar health hazards to those posed by asbestos (s.s.). 相似文献
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Didier Lahondère Florence Cagnard Guillaume Wille Jéromine Duron Maxime Misseri 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(10):385
This paper provides new mineralogical and morphological characterizations of calcic amphiboles from hydrothermally altered dolerites from France to discuss their potential to contain naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) and to release elongated mineral particles corresponding to asbestos fibers, or asbestos-like fibers, into the air. The calcic amphiboles were characterized using electron microprobe analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results underline that fibrous occurrences of actinolite and ferro-actinolite regularly occur in hydrothermally altered dolerites, both in the groundmass and in quartz veins. In the groundmass, actinolitic amphiboles crystallize at the expense of magmatic clinopyroxenes and are rarely fibrous. Conversely, actinolite and ferro-actinolite fibers from quartz veins are potentially asbestiform to clearly asbestiform. The identification of quartz veins in hydrothermally altered dolerites is, therefore, an important parameter which should draw attention to the possible presence of asbestiform actinolite fibers. The mineralogical characterization of such veins as well as the estimation of their thickness and density is an important point to consider during studies involving NOA issues. Moreover, the degree of weathering of the dolerites, which directly affects the ability of non-asbestiform actinolite crystals to dissociate into very thin fibers, regarded as cleavage fragments instead of as asbestos, is also a key parameter to consider. Hydrothermally altered dolerites are common rocks likely to be exploited by the quarrying industry to produce aggregates or to be affected by construction works. Due to the abundance of actinolite fibers that they may contain locally, these rocks become priority targets to be monitored in terms of geological characterization and airborne fiber emission to ensure the protection of populations and workers. 相似文献
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工业矿物纤维粉尘的表面特性研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文在对比研究了7种工业矿物纤维表面官能团和表面行为的基础上讨论了矿物纤维粉尘对人体的危害性及对环境影响的毒理因素,强调矿物与生物体之间的相互作用要重视矿物表面/细胞物理化学作用,提出矿物纤维表面特征是表征其生物活性的关键因子,如表面活性域等,而纤维性只是矿物表面特性的表征因素之一。 相似文献
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Bradley S. Van Gosen 《中国地质》2010,37(3):704-711
20世纪,越来越多的证据使人们意识到,吸入含石棉的灰尘会使从事与石棉有关的几种职业(如石棉采矿、造船和石棉产品组装)的工人患上几种严重的呼吸道疾病(石棉沉着病,肺癌和mesotheliuma)。为此已经制定了若干规定,以控制工人们在特殊的制造、采矿和其他工作地点与石棉尘埃的接触。比较间接的是控制和管理"天然产生的石棉"(NOA),这一问题近年来也引起了管理机构、健康机构和居民团体的注意。NOA包括在自然状态下原地找到的被描述为石棉的矿物,例如在基岩或土壤中的这种矿物。NOA之所以引起关注,是因为如果含石棉的岩石受到自然侵蚀或人类活动(例如修路、城市开挖、农业、采矿、压碎和碾磨)的影响,就有可能暴露并变成空中尘埃的微小纤维。天然石棉矿床的规模差异很大,从薄的四散的细脉一直到大的矿体。它们的地理分布与地质条件直接有关。石棉产出的地质背景是含镁丰富的主岩,这些岩石受到低压低温的变质作用蚀变而成。已知的容矿主岩包括变质的和已被交代的超基性岩(尤其是蛇纹岩)、一些基性火成岩、变质白云岩和变质的铁建造。石棉形状的角闪石在几种热液蚀变型的碱性火成侵入体中也能作为副矿物存在。石棉形成于可预见和可鉴别的地质环境。这种认识是一种信息,而这种信息使公众健康机构可以执行有情报根据的屏蔽和管理规划。第一步是在区域的或国家规模的尺度上确定和描述已知的(报道过的)石棉矿床。第二步是对容纳已知石棉矿的单位进行填图,以划定可能的其他石棉矿化的范围。这种地质研究使有关机构对遇到石棉的可能性做出规划,而尽量节省在不太可能遇到石棉矿的地区的管理费用。对石棉地质条件的认识可以事先应用于岩石和土壤的挖掘项目,而不管挖掘的规模有多大。这种对石棉管理的科学探索能有助于缓解对挖掘所发现的自然石棉矿床的连续不断地做出反应。因此,通过对很可能含有石棉矿床的地区做填图,规划者可开发出一些控制尘埃的程序,这些程序适用于工人和附近居民最容易暴露于空气携带的石棉的地区。 相似文献
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DONG Faqin DENG Jianjun WU Fengchun PU Xiaoyong John HUANG FENG Qiming HE Xiaochun 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(4):589-596
In order to study the damage mechanism of mineral dusts on the pulmonary alveolar macrophage (AM), the changes in their death ratio, malandialdthyde (MDA) content and activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured, and the technique of cell culture in vitro was used to investigate the cytotoxicity of six mineral dusts (twelve crystal habits) from twelve mineral deposits. The results show that woUastonite and clinoptilolite have no AM cytotoxicity, while other fibrous and grainy mineral dusts damage pulmonary AM in various degrees. The cytotoxicity of fibrous mineral dusts was greater than that of the grainy ones, and the cytotoxicity of dusts was positively correlated with the active OH- content in dusts, but not necessarily so with its SiO2 content. The high pH values produced by dust was unfavorable for the survival of cells and the dusts with low bio-resistance were safe for cells. The content of variable valence elements in dusts might influence their cytotoxicity and the surface charge of dusts was not a stable factor for their toxicity. It is demonstrated that the shape of mineral dusts was one of the factors affecting cytotoxicity, and that the cytotoxicity of mineral dusts depends mainly on their properties. 相似文献
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大气粉尘中的矿物及其环境健康效应研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
大气粉尘中的矿物主要来源于土壤尘、建筑工地和局地扬尘,颗粒较小,一般呈不规则形状,表面凹凸不平。矿物粉尘具有很强的生物活性,对人体健康、生物效应有其特有的生理作用。矿物粉尘表面活性基团影响粉尘的生物效应。矿物粉尘本身或刺激吞噬细胞而产生的自由基对细胞的损伤和粉尘性疾病的形成起着至关重要的作用。大气粉尘成分、表面特性以及矿物粉尘对人体正常宿主菌群的抑制性和毒性效应研究是矿物粉尘环境健康效应研究的重要方向。 相似文献