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1.
有机酸对几种土壤吸附铜的影响 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
在一定离子强度和pH值下,向几种不同的土壤中加入外源有机酸,研究有机酸对土壤吸附Cu2+的影响,结果表明:几种土壤对铜的吸附量随着铜浓度的增加而增加,但当铜浓度达到一定值时,吸附量不再发生变化。几种土壤对铜的最大吸附量的大小顺序为黄棕壤> 砖红壤> 红壤> 赤红壤;有机酸对土壤吸附铜既有促进作用,又有抑制作用,即吸附曲线呈峰型;不同有机酸对土壤吸附铜的影响不同,其中柠檬酸对吸附的抑制和促进作用都很强烈,草酸对吸附的促进作用较弱,抑制作用较强,而乙酸对吸附所起的作用则与草酸正好相反;同种有机酸对不同土壤吸附铜的影响不同。其中三种有机酸对黄棕壤吸附铜的促进作用都很弱,而对砖红壤吸附的促进作用则强。 相似文献
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无烟煤对甲烷等温吸附解吸特性实验研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
研究空气干燥基无烟煤对甲烷(CH4)的等温吸附/解吸特性,发现其对甲烷的解吸残余率达56%。为了对其进行深入探讨,特设计了原煤样的炭化和活化实验,扩大了原料的比表面积,进而在等温条件下研究了两个改性样品对甲烷的吸附/解吸特性。对比发现,比表面积的增大能显著增加样品对甲烷的吸附总量,但对解吸残余率没有明显的影响。考虑到影响甲烷吸附/解吸的因素,又在等温条件下对主控因素——水分作了平行实验,结果显示,水分对活化样解吸残余率有明显影响。 相似文献
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地下水封石油洞库施工期围岩完整性参数敏感性分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
地下水封石油洞库是利用饱水岩体密封性进行石油储存的方式,保持围岩完整性对地下水封石油洞库建造具有至关重要的作用。以我国首个在建的大型不衬砌地下水封石油储备库建设项目为背景,运用弹塑性理论,在室内岩石三轴试验基础上,研究了花岗岩地层大型不衬砌地下水封石油洞库围岩完整性参数的敏感性。研究表明:采用剪胀起始点作为岩体屈服点,可进行围岩完整性分析;洞库围岩松动范围和程度对摩擦角的敏感性大于对剪胀角的敏感性;洞室中墙应力分布变化对摩擦角的敏感性大于对剪胀角的敏感性;拱顶沉降对摩擦角的敏感性要大于对剪胀角的敏感性,水平收敛对摩擦角和剪胀角均具有较强的敏感性。研究成果对地下石油洞库围岩完整性评价以及水封系统设计提供了重要依据 相似文献
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以江苏南部1:20万重力资料为基础,通过对区内岩石及地层密度特征的归纳与分析,对区内重力场形成的地质因素作了讨论。对区内重力场进行了分类、分区及地质解释。通过进一步对区内重力资料的数据处理,一方面对区内莫霍面及印支一燕山面的埋深、形态特征及其地质意义作了讨论,另一方面对区内断裂构造及变质基底分布格局也作了推断解释。 相似文献
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小波神经网络的大地电磁数据静态效应处理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
静态效应在频率域电法勘探中对电磁场信号产生很大的影响,对深部电性结构处理结果影响重大,对静态效应的良好处理直接影响分析结果。这里采用了小波神经网络算法建立模型来对静态效应进行处理,通过对模型实例仿真发现,小波神经网络算法对静态效应的处理有很好的效果。 相似文献
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采用膨胀渗透仪和浊度仪,通过检测冲蚀循环溶液浊度和膨润土试样膨胀力的变化,获得了冲蚀液对高庙子(GMZ)膨润土的冲蚀规律,对比分析了膨润土干密度、冲蚀液pH值、冲蚀液渗流方向、围岩裂隙条数、溶液类型和浓度等因素对膨润土冲蚀的影响规律。研究表明:膨润土的膨胀力在冲蚀开始的几天内迅速增长,随后达到稳定,膨润土干密度越大,地下水对膨润土的冲蚀作用越弱;冲蚀液pH值对膨润土的冲蚀作用影响很大,碱性较强的地下水对膨润土的冲蚀作用较弱,而碱性较弱地下水的冲蚀作用则明显;地下水径向渗流时对膨润土的冲蚀作用大于纵向渗流情况,围岩裂隙增多后,地下水对膨润土的冲蚀作用加强;随着冲蚀液中NaCl浓度的增加,冲蚀液对膨润土的冲蚀作用先增强后减弱,冲蚀液中CaCl2的浓度对膨润土的冲蚀影响规律与NaCl浓度对膨润土的冲蚀影响规律相似,但CaCl2浓度的变化对膨润土的冲蚀影响不明显。 相似文献
7.
中国黄土-古土壤系列的磁学性质,如磁化率等被广泛用于古气候和古环境研究,这必须建立在对黄土-古土壤的剩磁的性质和获得剩磁的机制以及古土壤磁性增强的原因有深入了解的基础之上。作者通过对洛川和吉县剖面马兰黄土和离石黄土的磁学性质的深入研究,对黄土与古土壤磁学性质差异的各种表现,对它们剩磁的性质,对古土壤磁性增强的原因以及磁性变化对古气候、古环境研究的意义进行了讨论,并对利用某些磁学性质建立的黄土-古土壤形成的时间模式提出了质疑。 相似文献
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就几个典型的软土工程施工过程对周边土体物理力学参数的影响进行分析.对施工扰动后周围土体的应力状态和结构的变化以及土体的变形和稳定问题进行了研究.主要内容包括软粘土中桩基础施工对环境的影响、软枯土地基基坑开挖对环境的影响和软粘土中隧道施工对环境影响等. 相似文献
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Analysis of phreatic evaporation law and influence factors of typical lithology in Hebei Plain 下载免费PDF全文
Based on three typical mediums (sandy loam, loam and sandy clay loam) in Hebei Plain, this paper designs phreatic evaporation experiments under different lithology and phreatic depth. Based on the analysis of experimental data, the phreatic evaporation law and influencing factors of three mediums were studied. The results showed that: (1) The shallower the phreatic depth, the larger the phreatic evaporation. (2) Sandy clay loam has the biggest response to the increase of the phreatic depth, sandy loam is the second and loam is the smallest. (3) The limit depth of phreatic evaporation of sandy clay loam is about 3 m and that of loam and sandy loam is about 2 m and 3 m, seperately. (4) By fitting the daily evaporation of phreatic water and phreatic depth, the results showed that sandy loam and sandy clay loam are exponential functions and loam is power functions. 相似文献
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Empirical models of calculating phreatic evaporation from bare soil in Tarim river basin,Xinjiang 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Based on the experimental data at the Akesu Water Balance Experimental Station (AWBES) from 1990 to 1996, the control conditions
of establishing calculation models of phreatic evaporation have been analyzed, the empirical formulae for calculating the
phreatic evaporation have been presented. The results show that as for a given phreatic depth, the phreatic evaporation increases
nonlinearly with pan evaporation, when pan evaporation reaches the infinity, the phreatic evaporation is close to limiting
phreatic evaporation. The new models overcome the disadvantages of phreatic evaporation overestimation when atmospheric evaporation
demand is great and the linear relationship between phreatic evaporation and pan evaporation. With a high accuracy, the new
models are appropriate to be applied in similar regions without observed data. 相似文献
13.
Analysis of evaporation of high-salinity phreatic water at a burial depth of 0 m in an arid area 下载免费PDF全文
High-salinity phreatic water refers to which with total dissolved solids(TDS)30 g/L. Previous studies have shown that high salinity phreatic water evaporation is different at different depths. High salinity phreatic water evaporation under 0 m depth is the basis of the high salinity phreatic water evaporation studies. In this study, evaporation of high-salinity phreatic water at a burial depth of 0 m in arid area was investigated. New insights were gained on evaporation mechanisms via experiments conducted on high-salinity phreatic water with TDS of 100 g/L at 0 m at the study site at Changji Groundwater Balance Experiment Site, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China, where the lithology of the vadose(unsaturated zone) was silty clay. Comparison was made on the data of high-salinity phreatic water evaporation, water surface evaporation(E_(Φ20)) and meteorological data obtained in two complete hydrological years from April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2014. The experiments demonstrated that when the lithology of the vadose zone is silty clay, the burial depth is 0 m and the TDS is 100 g/L, intra-annual variation of phreatic water evaporation is the opposite to the variation of atmospheric evaporation E_(Φ20) and air temperature. The salt crust formed by the evaporation of high-salinity phreatic water has a strong inhibitory effect on phreatic water evaporation. Large volumes of precipitation can reduce such an inhibitory effect. During freezing periods, surface snow cover can promote the evaporation of high-salinity phreatic water at 0 m; the thicker the snow cover, the more apparent this effect is. 相似文献
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库水位升降联合降雨作用下库岸边坡中的浸润线研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
库岸边坡中的地下水对其稳定性有重大影响,目前还没有统一的公式用来计算岸坡中的浸润线。为此,建立隔水底板呈缓倾角的均质岸坡模型,采用稳定渗流情况下的浸润线作为非稳定渗流的初始值,推导出库水位升降联合降雨作用下该模型中浸润线的近似解析解。利用Geo-Slope中的SEEP/W程序,对浸润线的近似解析解进行验证分析,结果表明,在不同库水位升降和降雨的组合条件下,由近似解析解确定的浸润线与数值模拟结果基本一致。对库水位升降联合降雨作用下赵树岭滑坡中的浸润线进行研究,利用实测浸润线验证了近似解析解的正确性,并预测了赵树岭滑坡在快速蓄水、快速蓄水+暴雨、快速泄水及快速泄水+暴雨4种工况下(库水位波动范围为145~175 m)浸润线的变化情况。最后,从解析解的适用条件出发剖析了近似解析解误差产生的原因,为应用浸润线解析解解决实际问题提供依据。 相似文献
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为分析干旱区高盐度潜水蒸发规律,于2012年4月1日~2014年3月31日在新疆昌吉地下水均衡试验站开展了不同总溶解固体 (0.8 g/L、30 g/L和100 g/L)、不同包气带岩性(细砂和粉质黏土)和不同潜水埋深(0 m、0.5 m、1.0 m、2.0 m和3.0 m)潜水蒸发量的监测工作。结果表明:当潜水埋深大于0.5 m时,包气带岩性对高总溶解固体(Total Dissolved Solids, TDS)潜水蒸发量的影响与淡水基本一致;潜水埋深0.5 m、TDS为30 g/L时,包气带岩性的差异对潜水蒸发量的影响远小于由于潜水的TDS和外界大气蒸发能力对潜水蒸发共同造成的影响;潜水位埋深为0 m、TDS为100 g/L、包气带为粉质黏土时,年内潜水蒸发趋势与大气蒸发能力EΦ20的趋势相反;潜水埋深0.5~1.0 m时,在非冻结期随着TDS的升高,潜水蒸发量逐渐减小;当潜水埋深为3.0 m时,TDS的变化对潜水蒸发抑制作用存在滞后性。 相似文献
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Hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater depression cones in Yinchuan City, Northwest China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
SUN Yaqiao QIAN Hui WU Xuehua 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(4):350-355
Groundwater in Yinchuan City has been heavily over-exploited, thus leading to the formation of depression cones in confined and phreatic groundwater environments. The depression cones have an important influence on the hydrodynamic and hydrochemical fields of groundwaters. The evolution of depression cones was analyzed on the basis of the monitoring data on groundwater level accumulated in the past 14 years. The ratio of rCl-/rCa2 showed that phreatic water circulation was intensified, and confined groundwater was affected by external factors. Mass balance of Cl- showed confined water mixed with about 11% phreatic water. It is shown that the alternative function of confined water was affected by external factors. At last, the evolution of groundwater hydrochemical field on the basis of groundwater chemical composition showed that phreatic water quality has been improved whereas confined water quality has been deteriorated. Saturation indices of minerals with respect to phreatic and confined waters were calculated by using PHREEQC. 相似文献
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三峡库区黄土坡滑坡浸润线动态变化规律研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以三峡库区黄土坡滑坡为研究对象,结合滑坡体地下水位监测数据,分析库水涨落对滑坡地下水位的影响。建立了黄土坡滑坡渗流模拟的有限元计算模型,并确定了模型合理的水头边界条件。利用Geo-Studio软件的SEEP/W模块,对库水位涨落情况下滑坡暂态渗流场的变化进行模拟,并且分析浸润线的动态变化过程,确定了库水位涨落对滑坡前缘浸润线影响区在滑坡前缘300 m范围内,并对库水位上升和下降两种工况下滑体前缘浸润线位置进行了预测。最后,分析了库水位涨落下库岸滑坡浸润线变化对滑坡稳定性影响,为研究库水位涨落下库岸滑坡浸润线和滑坡稳定性提供了依据。 相似文献
20.
高盐度潜水蒸发试验研究现状及展望 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
多年来,许多专家学者对干旱区潜水蒸发的机理和规律做了大量研究工作,并取得了明显进展.但这些传统意义上的蒸发研究均未考虑潜水矿化度对潜水蒸发的影响,将在淡水条件下得出的潜水蒸发有关参数直接用于极端干旱区高盐度潜水蒸发的计算必将产生偏差.虽然部分学者注意到矿化度对于潜水蒸发的影响,但开展的研究只限于一般矿化度(小于10 g... 相似文献