AD401-7井定向井卡钻复杂事故的处理及分析

AD4017井属于吐哈盆地鲁克沁油田ADI块构造。该区块在勘探开发初期极少出现因井下坍塌而发生的卡钻事故,AD4017井在井身结构设计时,参考的是前期地质勘探资料和邻井数据资料,未考虑到钻井过程中出现薄煤层夹层的情况,原有设计在该井段易导致井壁不稳,所以实际钻井过程中发生了卡钻事故。本文通过对AD4017井卡钻事故的研究,从地质因素、物理化学因素、工艺因素等几方面,深入分析了该井发生坍塌卡钻可能存在的原因及机理,并对这些原因导致的卡钻事故提出了针对性的预防措施和处理方法。     

NSQYPHFH1493型泥水气压平衡复合式隧道掘进机通过鉴定

中机联在南京组织专家对中交天和机械设备制造有限公司和中交隧道工程局有限公司共同完成的“NSQYPHFH1493型泥水气压平衡复合式隧道掘进机”科技成果进行了鉴定。该成果发明了备用可推出式滚刀技术,解决了特殊情况下固定式滚刀磨损后难以更换的难题。研制了刀盘伸缩机构,提高了各类刀具更换的效率,并极大地降低了成本,有效地解决突发事故刀盘卡死处理的难题。     

SR-28地热井坍塌卡钻事故的处理

就SR-28地热井出现的由坍塌引起的卡钻事故原因进行了分析,针对事故原因分别采用了套铣、测卡、爆炸松扣等技术手段进行了处理,并取得了成功。介绍了该井事故的处理技术措施。     

定向井处理粘吸卡钻事故的技术方法

HDR29D地热井施工中发生了粘吸卡钻事故,给钻井施工带来了困难。经过分析卡钻原因、研究解卡方案,配制了解卡剂,解决了棘手的粘卡问题。根据该井的实际情况,对定向井粘吸卡钻事故原因、处理方法进行分析总结。     

煤矿底板注浆多分支水平井卡钻事故处理

煤矿底板注浆多分支水平井因其具有效封堵含水层中的导水通道,解决煤矿底板水对工作面的威胁,对环境破坏小等优点被广泛应用于煤矿底板突水防治中,但受地质条件、水文条件、钻井工艺、施工过程等影响,在施工中易发生事故。以淮北煤田某煤矿底板注浆多分支水平井为例,对该井因二开施工过程不规范引起地层坍塌导致的井下卡钻事故进行分析,在采用常规方式处理无效的情况下,借鉴“油田老井侧钻开窗技术”,不仅解决了卡钻事故,而且确保了后期施工安全。这是侧钻开窗技术在该区处理井下事故的首次成功应用,对该区及国内其他地区处理类似事故具有重要的借鉴和指导意义。     

印尼塔里阿布岛铁矿项目岩心钻探施工技术

在印尼塔里阿布铁矿项目岩心钻探施工中,其地层既具有泥岩、页岩、粘土岩的遇水膨胀、坍塌,又有凝灰岩、火山灰岩的遇水溶解及硅化石英岩的“打滑”,以及粉状铁矿取心难的特点。易出现卡钻、粘钻等孔内事故。通过大胆的探索,形成了针对该地区岩心钻探施工的一套施工工艺,取得了良好的钻探技术效果。详细介绍了印尼塔里阿布岛铁矿项目岩心钻探施工技术。     

爆破法处理孔内事故

广东省地质局七二三地质队三分队通过到兄弟单位学习，又参考一九七六年“勘探技术”第三辑刊登的“孔内爆破法处理卡钻事故”一文，结合本队情况，于一九七六年七月起采用我队自行设计的爆破装置，对卡、埋、烧钻及其它等方面事故进行处理，经过三年来的实践，效果较好。一、采用爆破法处理事故类型（一）处理卡、埋、烧事故：用爆破法处理卡、埋、烧事故，三年来共处理七十余次。爆破的孔深在100米～820米范围内，爆破成     

煤矿井下定向钻进钻孔事故的预防及处理

钻孔事故是煤矿井下定向钻孔安全、高效施工的巨大威胁。介绍了定向钻进常见卡钻、钻具断落和喷孔事故;分析了其成因、预防措施和处理工艺经验。认为对待钻孔事故应坚持“预防为主,处理为辅”的原则;结合装备现状,应开展适用于煤矿井下定向钻进事故处理的专用技术及装备研究。      

砾石土料的湿化变形试验技术难点与解决方法

砾石土心墙料的大尺寸样品湿化变形试验难度极大,这主要是砾石土料的性质决定了其饱和固结排水困难、样品难以达到饱和状态、试验周期太长。从试验技术、测试方法等方面进行攻关,分析试验成果出现偏差的原因并修正,针对砾石土湿化变形离散性大、存在应力饱和问题,进行了艰难地研究探索。通过对湿化试验过程中的体变修正、进水量修正、饱和度实时计算、成果离散性处理等关键细节的严格把控,最终成功地完成了典型砾石土料的湿化变形试验,获得了规律性较好的砾石土心墙料湿化变形成果。试验过程中出现的异于常规的现象,如围压施加过程中三轴压力室的整体向上变形、高应力状态下没有湿化变形量等,通过试验数据分析和理论分析,最终都得到了合理的解释,加深了对砾石土心墙料土工试验技术和砾石土料湿化变形的认识。     

煤矿井下套铣打捞技术研究与应用

基于煤矿开采深度的增加,在复杂地层中进行定向钻孔施工发生卡钻事故的风险也在急剧增加。采用套铣打捞技术进行卡钻事故处理,能够提高事故处理的成功率,并起到保护原钻杆的作用,降低经济损失。文章分析研究了套铣打捞钻具的选择、冲洗液选择、工艺参数以及工艺方法,结合在玉溪矿和临涣矿打捞实例,优化了套铣打捞工艺及相关参数。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.