扬子台地西北缘志留纪奥氏笔石属新种及地层对比意义

Oktavites spiralis（Geinitz,1842）是志留系兰多维列统特列奇阶的笔石带化石分子,其独特的盘旋生长模式易于识别,在世界范围内广泛分布,地层意义重要.然而,关于Oktavites spiralis的首现位置始终存在争议,不利于地层的精确对比.在陕西紫阳、岚皋地区,Oktavites spiralis笔石带可以通过带化石丰度变化进行识别,而不是依靠带化石的首现.近来,对陕西紫阳、岚皋地区多个志留系特列奇阶剖面研究后认为,通过幼体特征和盘旋形态对比,一个奥氏笔石新种Oktavites longtanensis sp.nov.可以从Oktavites spiralis和Oktavites contortus中进一步区分出来.新种Oktavites longtanensis sp.nov.化石延限仅限于Oktavites spiralis笔石带,延限较短,并具有重要的演化意义和较强的地层划分对比潜力.      

扬子台地北缘志留纪笔石Oktavites spiralis居群差异研究

通过对陕西紫阳、岚皋地区多个志留系特列奇阶剖面的研究,根据更为精确的化石定义,奥氏笔石属新种Oktavites ziyangensis sp. nov可以从Oktavites spiralis 居群中识别出来。新种O. ziyangensis 在笔石枝盘旋方式和胞管形态上与O. spiralis 和Oktavites contortus 均存在一定的相似性,三者共生层位为特列奇阶Spirograptus turriculatus 笔石带至Cyrtograptus lapworthi 笔石带。尽管新种O. ziyangensis 地层延限较长,但胞管的快速演化仍使其具备较强的地层对比意义。根据“深水起源、浅水扩散”的笔石演化模式推测,O. contortus-O. ziyangensis-O. spiralis 的演化过程是笔石在纵向上的生态位占据过程,而O. spiralis 居群形态差别则是笔石深度分带的结果。同时,关于O. spiralis 居群差异的研究,也为讨论弓笔石的起源和分类提供更多的参考依据。     

依据胞石论英国兰多维列地区特列奇阶的底界

ｉｋｌａｅｎｓｉｓ－ｅｍｍａｓｔｅｎｓｉｓ胞石带可以与ｓｅｄｇｗｉｃｋｉ笔石带对比。根据ｉｋｌａｅｎｓｉｓ－ｅｍｍａｓｔｅｎ－ｓｉｓ胞石带的存在，表明英国兰多维列区ＣｅｆｎＣｅｒｉｇ公路剖面的腕足类Ｅｏｃｏｅｌｉａｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉａ和Ｓｔｒｉｃｋｌａｎｄｉａｌｅｎｓ最高层位之上的地层，并不相当于ｔｕｒｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ笔石带的底，按照定义，不是特列奇阶的底界。     

陕西紫阳地区(过渡带)志留纪地层及古生物

紫阳地区志留系的系统生物地层工作是以古生物增大定律为主线,根据下志留统四个笔石谱系的演化关系,结合剖面中微量元素最优分割与火山活动等地质事件的关系,以及奥陶纪末期冰川使海平面下降、笔石生物分异度的降低,对下志留统顶、底及四个阶段作出论证。建议中国下志留统划分为龙马溪阶(包括S_1~1麻柳树湾亚阶和S_1~2斑鸠关亚阶)、S_1~3陡山沟阶、S_1~4吴家河阶,后两阶可以紫阳芭蕉口剖面为层型。     

陕西紫阳地区(过渡带)志留纪地层及古生物

紫阳地区志留系的系统生物地层工作是以古生物增大定律为主线,根据下志留统四个笔石谱系的演化关系,结合剖面中微量元素最优分割与火山活动等地质事件的关系,以及奥陶纪末期冰川使海平面下降、笔石生物分异度的降低,对下志留统顶、底及四个阶段作出论证。建议中国下志留统划分为龙马溪阶(包括S_1~1麻柳树湾亚阶和S_1~2斑鸠关亚阶)、S_1~3陡山沟阶、S_1~4吴家河阶,后两阶可以紫阳芭蕉口剖面为层型。     

陕西岚皋地区Oktavites spiralis(螺旋奥式笔石)发育过程的初步研究

Oktavites spiralis是志留纪兰多维列统特列奇阶的笔石带化石之一,具有重要的地层意义。为更精确地描述这一属种,对产自陕西岚皋地区的Cyrtograptus lapworthi笔石带的O.spiralis不同发育阶段的标本进行了详细研究,从而对其始部发育情况有了更深入的认识。同时,对O.spiralis发育过程的研究也可以成为对该属进行精确厘定的手段之一。     

关于奥陶系最上部赫南特(Hirnantian)亚阶全球层型的建议

在对鄂西宜昌王家湾和分乡、黔北桐梓红花园、黔东北松桃陆地坪 4条剖面的相关地层和主要门类化石做了新的无间断采集和重新鉴定笔石和腕足动物这两个重要化石门类的基础上 ,发现奥陶纪最末期—志留纪最早期的完整笔石序列与腕足动物等新的化石材料 ,初步了解奥陶纪末集群灭绝后生物幸存的基本特征。经过选择 ,特推荐宜昌王家湾公路旁穿越奥陶 -志留纪界线地层剖面作为建立国际赫南特亚阶的首位候选 (leading candidate)层型 ,并推荐桐梓红花园相关剖面作为辅助候选 (auxiliary candidate)层型。对建立全球赫南特亚阶界线层型的基本条件和国外相关剖面的优缺点作了分析。本文所识别的赫南特亚阶相当于两个笔石带 :下部 N ormalograptus ex-traordinarius- N.ojsuensis带和上部 N.persculptus带。典型的 H irnantia动物群的整体地质历程为奥陶纪最末期 ,相当于 N ormalograptus extraordinarius- N.ojsuensis带和 N.persculptus带的一部分。     

甘肃永登石灰沟中堡群及马营沟群的笔石层位

甘肃省永登石灰沟中奥陶统中堡群 (OZ)中的笔石群属兰代洛阶至卡拉多克阶早期 ,共 3个笔石层位 ,其中包括 2个笔石带 :(1)Glyptograptusteretiusculus带 ,(2 )Nemagraptusgracilis带 ;1个笔石层 :(3)ClimacograptusstyloidesLapworth -C .antiquuslineatusEllesetWood层。下志留统马营沟群 (S1my)笔石群属兰多维利阶中期 ,1个笔石层是RastritesapproximatusGeinitzi(Tornquist)层。     

贵州石炭纪生物地层

贵州石炭系可划分成三个岩石地层区并将该系分成2个统7个阶。下石炭统由4个区域性阶和1个有孔虫组合、4个珊瑚化石带(及9个亚带)、11个腕足类组合带组成;上石炭统划分3个区域性阶和9个(竹蜓)类化石带(及2个亚带)、4个菊石带。根据有孔虫、牙形石研究,贵州石炭系底界至少接近于珊瑚Cystophrentis带顶部附近。     

湖南益阳下奥陶统弗洛阶的笔石分带

根据对采自湖南益阳南坝剖面的笔石化石的研究,识别出了下奥陶统弗洛阶4个连续的笔石带(自下而上):Tetragraptus approximatus带、Pendeograptus fruticosus带、Didymograptellus bifidus带和Corymbograptus deflexus带。同时在特马豆克阶顶部也识别出了Hunnegraptus copiosus带,从而在该区确立了一个连续的、可与国内外同期地层精确对比的弗洛阶笔石带序列。     

The Most Complete Sequence of Telychian Graptolite Zones in the World

This paper divides the Telychian into 7 graptolite zones, 12 subzones and 4 chitinoans in the Ziyangregion, China. The zones and subzones of England are almost totally suitable for the case of Ziyang in China, though they are 10000 km apart. All the above-mentioned biozones are found only in a unitary continuous section in Ziyang. It has been proved that the Ziyang section is the one with the most complete sequence of Telychian graptolite biozones in the world.     

湖北宜昌志留系纱帽组几丁虫生物地层学

调查分析了湖北宜昌龚家冲志留系纱帽组剖面156件样品,在其中95件泥岩、粉砂岩样品中发现大量保存精美的早志留世几丁虫化石。自下而上识别出Conochitina malleus,Plectochitina pseudoaggltinans,Eisenackitinadolioliformis,Eisenackitina causiata等生物带。每一个几丁虫生物带均代表一次几丁虫多样性发展,由新生分子和已知分子所构成的组合特征能很好地与拉脱维亚、爱沙尼亚和沙特阿拉伯等国外同期地层的几丁虫组合进行对比。宜昌地区志留系几丁虫生物带与笔石、牙形石带的关系显示宜昌地区纱帽组的地质延限大致与笔石Stimulograptus sedgwickii带至Oktavites spiralis带相当,特列奇阶底界位于纱帽组第二段底部,与几丁虫Plectochitina pseudoagglutinans生物带的底界位置接近。同期地层,在重庆涪陵焦石坝等地为产大量笔石的富有机质页岩,是页岩气的重要储层,因此,这一研究成果对于深入认识我国南方志留系页岩气储层的分布发育特点具有重要意义。     

Facies development,depositional settings and sequence stratigraphy across the Ordovician–Silurian boundary: a new perspective from the Barrandian area of the Czech Republic

The Hirnantian and Llandovery sedimentary succession of the Barrandian area has been assigned to middle and outer clastic‐shelf depositional settings, respectively. Deposition was influenced by the remote Gondwanan glaciation and subsequent, long‐persisting, post‐glacial anoxia triggered by a current‐driven upwelling system. High‐resolution graptolite stratigraphy, based upon 19 formally defined biozones—largely interval zones—and five subzones, enabled a detailed correlation between 42 surface sections and boreholes, and enabled linking of the sedimentary record, graptoloid fauna dynamics, organic‐content fluctuations and spectral gamma‐ray curves. The Hirnantian and Llandovery succession has been subdivided into four biostratigraphically dated third‐order sequences (units 1–4). Time–spatial facies distribution recorded early and late Hirnantian glacio‐eustatic sea‐level lowstands separated by a remarkable mid‐Hirnantian rise in sea‐level. A major part of the post‐glacial sea‐level rise took place within the late Hirnantian. The highstand of Unit 2 is apparently at the base of the Silurian succession. Short‐term relative sea‐level drawdown and a third‐order sequence boundary followed in the early Rhuddanian upper acuminatus Zone. Early Aeronian and late Telychian sea‐level highstands and late Aeronian drawdown of likely eustatic origin belong to units 3 and 4. Sea‐level rise culminated in the late Telychian, which may also be considered as a highstand episode of a second‐order Hirnantian–early Silurian cycle. Facies and sequence‐stratigraphic analysis supports recent interpretations on nappe structures in the core part of the Ordovician–Middle Devonian Prague Synform of the Barrandian. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论华南志留系对比的若干问题

<正> 中国志留系的划分与对比,始于20年代。李四光等(1924)和谢家荣等(1925)研究了三峡地区的志留系,将其全部划归下统。孙云铸(1943)从沉积旋迴角度提出了我国志留系划分的三个阶段,后又发现相应的笔石辅以佐证(孙云铸1957、洪友崇1958),将峡区的志留系分别与英国的 Llandovery,Wenlock和 Ludlow三个统对比。这个方案得     

Control of Carbonate Sedimentation and Reef Growth in Llandovery Sequences on the Northwestern Margin of the Yangtze Platform, South China

The later Telychian (late Llandovery, Silurian) sea-level highstand was a suitable setting for global carbonate deposition and reef growth in epeiric seas. However, evidence from the northwest margin of Yangtze Platform indicates that small carbonate platforms developed in rapidly-subsiding small basins and were principally controlled by muddy clastic input. In particular, sediments of the Ningqiang Formation, late Telychian, usually more than 2000 m thick, are mostly shales, but eight major units of discontinuous (15 km maximum width) and relatively thin (120 m maximum thickness) reef-bearing carbonates, which developed when the sedimentation rate apparently lessened, occur within a relatively short time interval. This interval is between upper griestonensis to spiralis-grandis graptolite biozones, estimated as a c. 2 Ma duration. More than 30 small- to medium-scale patch reefs occur in several parts of the sequence, but only within the carbonate units. Shelly faunas common throughout the sequence reveal water depth to have been shallow during deposition of the Ningqiang Formation equivalent to BA2–3, which has a depth range from low intertidal to the base of the photic zone. BA3 is interpreted as being no more than 60 m deep (Boucot, 1975), which is above normal wave base, frequently affected by storms (Chen et al., 1996), and is regarded as optimum depth for high diversity of Silurian faunas (Boucot, 1975; Brett, 1991). Thus, the rate of sediment accumulation kept pace with basement subsidence, and was a substantial factor for limiting reef growth. Sharp contacts between carbonate units and shales indicate that carbonate units are constrained by frequent inputs of terrigenous debris, as the major cause for termination of carbonate deposition. Therefore, carbonate platforms, and reefs they contained, formed during times when sediment input to the basin lessened and ended when it increased; present evidence does not allow correlation to modeled dry episodes, and we interpret the control to be principally tectonic. Overall, sedimentation in the region was terminated by the end of Telychian time by tectonic uplift of the Yangtze Platform; the southwestward migration of palaeocoastline shows this progression. Sedimentation ceased until Middle Devonian time. Ludlow marine transgression has been recognized in the offshore area of Ningjiang Bay.     

The Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary in the Apulco area by means of calpionellids and calcareous dinoflagellates: An alternative to the classical Mazatepec section in eastern Mexico

A detailed bed-by-bed sampling within the Pimienta and the Lower Tamaulipas Formations from a section in the Apulco area (Puebla State, Eastern Mexico), allows the delimitation of the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary. The Late Tithonian was identified by the presence of calpionellids of the Crassicollaria Zone (Colomi Subzone) and calcareous dinocysts of the Proxima Zone. The Tithonian/Berriasian boundary was placed at the acme of Calpionella alpina (small forms) between samples MZT 45–46. The Berriasian was divided into two main units, namely the Calpionella Zone, further subdivided into the Alpina, Ferasini and Elliptica subzones, and the Calpionellopsis Zone, within which only the Oblonga subzone was identified. The vertical distribution of calpionellids and their assemblages in the biozones of this Mexican section fit those from other Tethyan areas.     

Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the marine Oligocene and Miocene succession in some wells in Northern Egypt

Twelve calcareous nannofossil biozones of Late Oligocene-Late Miocene in Northern Egypt were defined and correlated with their corresponding biozones in Egypt and other parts of the world. These are arranged from the top to base as Zone NN12, Zone NN11, Zone NN10, Zone NN8, Zone NN7, Zone NN6 Zone NN5, NN4, Zone NN3, Zone NN2 Zone NP25 and Zone NP24. In the present study (Boughaz-1 Well), the Late Miocene unconformably overlies the Middle Miocene. This unconformity surface is recognized by the missing of calcareous nannofossil zones NN7 to NN9. While, in North Sinai (Malha-1 Well), the Early/Middle Miocene boundary cannot be recognized, where the Middle Miocene unconformably overlies the topmost Oligocene, and it is defined by the missing calcareous nannofossil zones NN1 to NN4.     

扬子区西南缘奥陶纪末—志留纪初笔石生物地层对比及意义

利用扬子西南缘天全、汉源、甘洛、布拖、金阳、永善、绥江、大关地区五峰组—龙马溪组重点剖面露头点和钻井岩心资料,通过笔石生物地层划分,建立了五峰组—龙马溪组黑色页岩的等时地层格架。通过对比纵横向黑色页岩的TOC含量、沉积厚度、优质页岩厚度等数据变化,探讨笔石带的分布与沉积环境、优质页岩的关系。结果表明,各剖面和钻井中WF2—LM4笔石带优质页岩普遍发育。其中布拖、金阳靠近康滇古陆边缘的地区,LM5笔石带、LM6笔石带岩石地层明显增厚;永善—绥江云永地2井、新地2井、绥江B井等地区,笔石带分布和沉积环境相似,优质页岩沉积上界由LM4笔石带逐步上延至LM6笔石带。五峰组—龙马溪组优质页岩在靠近康滇古陆一侧沉积时限为WF2—LM4及以下笔石带,远离古陆一侧沉积时限呈逐渐变长的趋势。天全大井坪、汉源轿顶山一带WF2—LM5笔石带优质页岩发育,轿顶山地区岩石地层厚度明显减薄,天全大井坪地区明显增厚,受特殊环境影响可能仍具有良好的勘探潜力。研究成果对扬子西南缘页岩气沉积有利区优选提供了依据。     

云南永善－大关地区五峰组－龙马溪组黑色页岩生物地层划分与沉积环境探讨:以新地2井为例

由于缺乏对四川盆地西南缘永善-大关地区五峰组-龙马溪组生物地层的详细划分与对比,黑色页岩分布时限及其沉积背景不明确.对新地2井五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩岩心开展生物地层研究,识别出了从上奥陶统凯迪阶上部WF1 Dicellograptus complanatus带至志留系兰多维列统埃隆阶顶部LM8 Stimulograptus sedgwickii带的9个生物带和组合.新地2井与宁211井、焦页1井、威202井、巫溪2井黑色页岩生物地层对比结果显示,新地2井的顶界与宁211井、焦页1井黑色页岩笔石带相近,但与威202井、巫溪2井相比低了1个笔石带.结合TOC值标定,新地2井富有机质页岩沉积期为WF2-LM6笔石带,其顶界高于宁211井的LM4笔石带.在笔石生物地层框架内对比了各井黑色页岩的沉积厚度、沉积速率及TOC值,探讨了它们的沉积演化差异及构造背景.靠近古隆起或古陆的沉积区,海侵-海泛稳定期时间呈缩短的趋势,富有机质页岩上界可低至LM5笔石带或以下;远离古隆起或古陆的沉积区,富有机质页岩上界可达LM8-LM9笔石带.受沉积水体深浅差异及古隆起陆源碎屑输入的影响,威远、焦石坝及巫溪地区出现了沉积分异现象.阶段性的海退事件及古隆起的状态变化（隆升与扩大）是广西运动的构造响应.