内蒙古中部晚石炭世—早二叠世古地磁新数据及其地质意义

对采自内蒙古苏尼特左旗白音乌拉乡晚石炭世—早二叠世宝力高庙组和敖汉旗安庆沟乡晚石炭世酒局子组的凝灰岩和凝灰质砂岩开展了古地磁学研究。宝力高庙组和酒局子组样品退磁特征表明,高温剩磁分量均以赤铁矿为主要载磁矿物,可能携带了岩石形成时期的特征剩磁分量。层面校正后2个组平均特征剩磁分量分别为:D=159.3°,I=-33.1°,α95=8.7°;D=328.8°,I=31.3°,α95=5.7°。这反映了内蒙古中部晚石炭世—早二叠世位于北纬17°—18°N。将所获得的古地磁结果与已发表的相邻地区古地磁数据进行比较,并结合古生物、古气候等地质数据,推测晚石炭世—早二叠世时内蒙古中部与华北地块关系密切,距离较近,而远离西伯利亚地块,内蒙古中部晚石炭世—早二叠世时可能是华北地块的组成部分。     

塔里木盆地古董山地区早二叠世古地磁特征 及其地质意义

通过对塔里木盆地内古董山地区早二叠世玄武岩的古地磁测定,揭示了1组高温特征剩磁分量。实验结果表明,其特征剩磁方向为：Dg=213.7°, Ig=26.9°,κg=19.7, N=9,α95=13.7°; Ds=217.7°, Is=-37.5°, κs=15.4,α95=13.6°,相对应的古地磁极位置为：53.2°N、 187.5°E,A95=12.3°,古纬度为21.0°N。由于采样剖面所获得的早二叠世古地磁结果全部为反极性特征,认为这一高温特征剩磁分量很可能代表了研究区早二叠世时期的原生特征剩磁。对比塔里木地块西北缘早二叠世的古地磁结果,认为研究地区与塔里木地块西北缘之间在古地磁误差范围内并未发生明显的相对构造运动。依据塔里木早二叠世古地磁极与哈萨克斯坦地块同时期古地磁极的一致性,结合二者的古生物资料,提出早二叠世时期塔里木地块可能已经与哈萨克斯坦地块碰撞相连,至晚二叠世,二者之间的海水完全退出,碰撞造山使得天山雏形基本形成。结合前人古地磁研究成果,对塔里木地块及周边主要块体早二叠世的古地理进行了重建。     

柴达木地块早奥陶世古地理位置的古地磁学约束

柴达木地块早古生代古地理位置和构造归属长期存在争议.前人根据沉积地层和古生物资料认为柴达木地块早奥陶世位于赤道附近的低纬度地区,但是这种定性认识还缺少古地磁学的定量证据.本次研究对柴达木地块欧龙布鲁克地区下奥陶统多泉山组灰岩开展了古地磁学研究,通过系统热退磁获得了8个采点的高温特征剩磁分量,其构造校正后的古地磁平均方向为Ds=345.3°,Is=-14.5°,κs=54.8,α95=7.5°.这一高温特征剩磁分量远离现代地磁场方向,且所有样品的特征剩磁分量均为反极性,其单一反极性特点与全球奥陶纪磁性地层研究确定的早奥陶世反向极性期相吻合,本文认为这一高温特征剩磁分量很可能代表了研究剖面早奥陶世时期的原生剩磁.根据奥陶纪地磁极性特征,确定柴达木地块早奥陶世的古地磁极位置为-43.4°N/116.9°E(dp/dm=3.9°/7.7°),相应的古纬度为7.4°N±5.5°(参考点:37.2°N/96.6°E),表明柴达木地块在早奥陶世位于赤道附近的低纬度位置.综合古生物和沉积学资料,提出柴达木地块早奥陶世可能处于华南地块北部,冈瓦纳古大陆澳大利亚陆块西北的古地理位置.     

塔里木地块上石炭统的古地磁研究

本文对塔里木地块西北缘柯坪地区的3条上石炭统康克林组剖面进行了古地磁研究。95个定向岩心样品的逐步热退磁和交变退磁揭示出3个磁性组分,第一个是具有低解阻温度谱或低矫顽力谱在现代地磁场作用下形成的粘滞剩磁A(D=10°;I=56°,α95=4°);第二个是红色石英砂岩的具有反极性的高温组分B(D=217°,I=-43°,λ=56°,Φ=184°E;A25=6°详细研究表明,该分量受附近晚二叠世脉岩侵入的重磁化;第三个是灰岩高矫顽力谱的反极性组分C（D=241°、I=-51°,λ=41°N,Φ=160°E,A（?）=4°）。这一分量通讨倾斜检验,在95%概率水平上明显不同于塔里木地块目前已有的石炭纪以后的古地磁方向,它代表了原生剩磁。研究结果表明:（1）晚石炭世塔里木地块已和哈萨克斯坦地块、苏联西天山地块以及西伯利亚地块发生碰撞:（2）苏联西天山地块相对塔里木地块曾逆时针旋转了70°（欧拉极位置λ=8°N,Φ=69°E）,而塔里木地块则相对西伯利亚地块逆时计旋转了21°（欧拉极位置λ=20°N,Φ=34°E）。从该区已有的晚古生代至早三叠世占地磁数据看,这些地块之间的相对旋转运动发生于早三叠世之后。     

拉萨地块北缘尼玛地区晚白垩世古地磁结果及其构造意义

通过对青藏高原拉萨地块北缘尼玛县城附近晚白垩世红层8个采点的系统古地磁测定,获得了研究区晚白垩世可靠的古地磁数据。通过系统热退磁获得了采样剖面高温特征剩磁方向平均值为:Dg=9.9°,Ig=5.5°,κg=30.3,α95=10.2°,N=8(地理坐标下);D_s=8.2°,I_s=27.4°,κs=37.6,α_(95)=9.2°,N=8(层面坐标下);对应古地磁极为:71.2°N,241.9°E,dp/dm=5.5°/10.0°。该高温剩磁分量在地理坐标下与现代地磁场方向有显著差别,具有正、反极性,并通过了倒转检验,由此认为其很可能代表岩石形成时的原生剩磁。本次研究结果表明拉萨地块北缘在晚白垩世位于~14.5°N的古纬度位置(参考点:31.8°N,87.2°E)。对比稳定亚洲大陆参考极显示晚白垩世以来拉萨地块北缘与稳定亚洲大陆之间发生了1200±630km(10.9°±5.7°)的南北向构造缩短,但并未发生明显的相对旋转作用(0.8°±5.9°)。综合地质证据提出印度与亚洲大陆碰撞所造成的亚洲大陆内部南北向构造缩短主要集中在拉萨地块以北的区域。     

塔里木地块二叠纪古地磁结果及二叠纪中国大陆的重建

在塔里木盆地西北缘下二叠统的三个剖面中采集的标本,获得了两个古地磁极:一个获自灰岩剖面(λ=65°N,φ=163°E,K=128,A_(?5)=4°,n=11).另一个获自两个玄武岩剖面(λ=55°N,φ=172°E,K=66,A_(95)=4°,n=21).结合原先已发表的数据,塔里木地块二叠纪古地磁场为λ=61°N,φ=177°E.K=98.A_(95)=9°,N=4.塔里木地块古纬度比中朝、扬子地块高得多,认为这些地块是分开的大陆地块.晚二叠世.塔里木、西伯利亚、中朝、扬子地块之间发生过重要的相对运动表明.地质上推断的晚古生代碰撞、并合作用在中亚及东亚的复合构造演变才刚刚开始.     

羌塘地块西部晚三叠世灰岩古地磁研究及其构造意义

青藏高原羌塘地块和拉萨地块汇聚-碰撞拼合过程的研究对认识青藏高原中部隆升历史及其动力学过程具有重要的科学意义,而羌塘地块古地磁研究对理解上述问题至关重要。通过对羌塘地块西部改则地区晚三叠世灰岩的系统古地磁测定,获得其高温剩磁分量。但是这一高温剩磁分量未通过褶皱检验,表明为后期重磁化的结果。研究剖面高温特征剩磁平均方向在地理坐标下为Dg=349.3°,Ig=40.4°,κg=45.4,α95=6.5°,相应的古地磁极为76.4°N,311.1°E,dp/dm=4.7°/7.9°。这一古地磁极与羌塘地块早白垩世约110～100 Ma的古地磁极在古地磁误差范围内重合,表明其重磁化的时代为早白垩世约110～100 Ma。综合分析羌塘地块和拉萨地块古地磁结果,并结合海相地层、蛇绿岩和洋岛等地质证据,显示班公湖-怒江特提斯洋西段闭合的时间发生在早白垩世晚期约110～100Ma。改则地区晚三叠世灰岩的早白垩世晚期重磁化作用与羌塘/拉萨地块西部的碰撞密切相关。     

龙门山构造带早三叠世古地磁新结果及其对四川盆地构造旋转的制约

选择龙门山构造带剑阁县竹园镇马鹿乡地区早三叠世飞仙关组,开展了详细的古地磁研究。通过对飞仙关组9个采样点灰岩、泥质灰岩样品系统的古地磁测试,热退磁结果分离了一组高温特征剩磁分量。样品的高温剩磁分量具有正、反双极性,且通过了倒转检验,表明它们很可能代表了岩石形成时的原生剩磁。构造校正后的特征剩磁方向为:偏角D_s=42.3°,倾角I_s=12.6°,α_(95)=9.4°;相应的极位置为:经度φ_p=219.3°E,纬度λ_p=42.9°N,d_p/d_m=4.9°/9.6°,古纬度plat=6.4°。对比稳定的四川盆地早三叠世的古地磁结果,获得龙门山构造带相对于稳定四川盆地发生了1.2°±4.4°的顺时针旋转运动,为此从构造古地磁角度,提出龙门山构造带和四川盆地自早三叠世以来,在动力学上已是统一的构造单元,并没有发生明显的构造旋转作用。     

海南岛白垩纪古地磁结果及其构造地质意义

对海南岛地区白垩系鹿母湾组和报万组碎屑岩219个独立定向岩芯样品(29个采点)的岩石磁学和古地磁学研究表明,白垩纪的碎屑岩以赤铁矿为主要载磁矿物。逐步热退磁分析表明,绝大多数样品可分离出特征剩磁分量。综合前人的结果,获早白垩世特征剩磁方向D=6.5°,I=42.7°,κ=73.4,α95=8.2°;晚白垩世特征剩磁方向D=6.7°,I=44.7°,κ=125.5,α95=5.4°。其早白垩世古纬度24.8°(+6.2°/-5.8°),晚白垩世古纬度26.3°(+4.6°/-4.0°);均位于现在地理位置以北约5°～6°。与华南板块东南缘白垩纪的古地磁数据对比表明,晚白垩世海南地块仍是华南板块的一部分。海南岛白沙断裂东西两侧早白垩世古地磁数据的差异,表明存在一个北东向的构造走滑带,白沙断裂可能是华南沿海北东向构造带的南延部分。海南岛白垩纪古地磁结果也表明,相对印支地块,海南岛在早白垩世时发生了25°左右局部顺时针旋转。推测此局部旋转很可能与晚侏罗世—晚白垩世早期,印度洋开始第一次海底扩张,印度板块向北运动有关。     

酒西盆地晚二叠世古地磁极及其大地构造意义

本文根据甘肃酒西盆地大黄沟剖面上二叠统“窑沟群”的古地磁资料确定了该盆地晚二叠世古地磁极位置及该区与华北地块的大地构造关系。剖面厚度约684米,共采集33层58个样品。对全部样品进行系统退磁处理后分离出了次生成因的低温分量和原生成因的高温分量。高温分量磁化方向经倾斜改正后密集度显著增强,平均磁化方向为-28.0°N/132.9°E(α95=4.7,K=47.1),相应的古地磁位于42.4°N/350.9°E(A95=3.9,K=67.8),均以99%以上的置信度通过了褶皱检验。由此可知,高温分量是在岩层发生褶皱之前获得的厚生剩磁,所代表的时限属基亚曼反向极性间隔。上述古地磁极位置与其他作者在山西、河北等地获得的结果极为相近,表明酒西盆地至少在晚二叠世就是华北地块的一部分。华北地块与塔里木地块在晚二叠世期间是两个独立的大地构造单元,古边界应位于酒西盆地以西,很可能是阿尔金断裂的前身或与之相当的断裂构造。     

Apparent Polar Wander Path from the Tarim Block in China

The apparent polar wander (APW) path from the Tarim block consists of palaeo-magnetic poles ofDevonian (λ=16°N, ψ= 165° E. A_(95)=4°). Late Carboniferous (λ=41° N, ψ=160° E, A_(95)=4°).Permian (λ=61°N, ψ=177° E. A_(95)=9°). Early Triassic (λ=69° N. ψ=183° E. A_(95)=11°) andJurassic/Cretaceous (λ=65° N, ψ=214° E. A_(95)=6°) times. On the basis of this APW path, it is con-cluded that the Tarim block was subducted beneath the Kazakstan plate between Devonian and Permiantimes. The Tarim, North China and South China blocks were sutured between the Early Triassic and EarlyCretaceous. Tarim had moved eastward some 2000 km relative to Siberia since the Cretaceous.     

First report of coupled Early Permian paleomagnetic and geochronologic data from the Dunhuang block (NW China), and implications for the tectonic evolution of the Paleo-Asian ocean

In order to better understand the tectonic relationship between the Dunhuang block (DHB) and its adjacent blocks, and to constrain the timing of the closure of the Paleo-Asian ocean, a combined geochronologic and paleomagnetic investigation has been undertaken on Early Permian tuff, basalt flows and sandstones from the Shuangbaotang Formation in the northwestern part of the DHB. U-Pb zircon dating indicates that the age of the strata is between 280.6 ± 2.9 Ma and 291.4 ± 2.6 Ma. Thermal demagnetization of a three-component isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM), and Curie point experiment suggest that magnetite dominates in the rock samples analyzed. In addition, there is a minor amount of hematite in some sandstones. Stepwise thermal demagnetization successfully isolated stable characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) from 11 tuff layers, two lava flows and nine sandstone beds. Two components were isolated from all samples: a lower temperature component (LTC) and a higher temperature component (HTC). The LTC is near the direction of the present-day geomagnetic field and produced a negative fold test, indicating it is a viscous remanent magnetization in the present-day geomagnetic field. Most of the HTC are reverse polarity (Normal = 4, reverse = 158), which is in accordance with the Kiaman Reversed Superchron that spans the Late Carboniferous-Permian interval. In addition, the HTC of all studied sites passed the fold and reverse tests, suggesting that they likely represent primary remanent magnetization. The tilt-corrected mean direction from all sites (tuff, basalts and sandstones) is D_s = 1.7°, I_s = 43.1°, k_s = 403, α₉₅ = 1.5°, N = 22. The mean paleopole of the site-mean direction-corresponded VGPs lies at 74.5°N, 268.5°E with A₉₅ = 1.6°. Considering the consistent inclination values recorded among the studied tuff, basalts and sandstones, and the low degrees of anisotropy within all samples, we suggest that there is no significant inclination shallowing caused by depositional compaction in the sedimentary layers of the studied section. Taking into account the results from this study as well as previous Late Paleozoic paleomagentic studies from adjacent tectonic blocks, we conclude that the DHB formed part of the amalgamated Dunhuang-North China-Alxa-Qaidam mega-block during the Early Permian, but was separated from the Tarim block by a small ocean (here named the Qiemo-Xingxingxia paleo-ocean) at this time. A comparison of the Early Permian paleolatitudes of these and other adjacent blocks suggest that the Paleo-Asian ocean (sensu lato) was still open at this time. Combined with other geological evidence, a paleogeographic reconstruction of the Paleo-Asian ocean has been reconstructed for the Early Permian.     

A New Late Middle Cambrian Paleomagnetic Pole for the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica

A paleomagnetic study of the late Middle to possibly early Late Cambrian Liberty Hills Formation in the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica, reveals a stable magnetization with positive fold and reversal tests. The paleopole is based on 16 sites from volcanic and sedimentary rocks and lies at lat 7.3 degrees N and long 326.3 degrees E (A95=6.0&j0;). The new paleomagnetic data support the view that the Ellsworth Mountains are part of a microplate-the Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains crustal block-that rotated independently of the main Gondwana continental blocks during breakup. The Liberty Hills pole differs from both previous poles recovered from Cambrian rocks in the Ellsworth Mountains and from the available Gondwana reference pole data. Our pole indicates a more northerly prebreakup position for the Ellsworth Mountains than previously suggested, contradicting the overwhelming geologic evidence for a prebreakup position close to southern Africa. The reasons for this are uncertain, but we suggest that problems with the Gondwana apparent polar wander path may be important. More well constrained, early Paleozoic paleomagnetic data are required from the Ellsworth Mountains and the Gondwana continents if the data are to constrain further the Middle-Late Cambrian location of the Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains block.     

Paleomagnetism of Peninsular Malaysia

Paleomagnetic results from Upper Jurassic to Paleocene rocks in Peninsular Malaysia show counter clockwise (CCW) rotations, while clockwise rotations (CW) are predominantly found in older rocks. Continental redbeds of the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Tembeling Group have a post folding remagnetization, giving a VGP at N54°E29°, corresponding to approximately 40° of CCW rotation relative to Eurasia and 60° CCW relative to the Indochina block (Khorat Plateau). Samples from Cretaceous to Paleocene mafic volcanics of the Kuantan dike swarm and the Segamat basalts give VGPs at N59°E47° and N34°E36°, respectively. These Malayasian data are indistinguishable from the Late Eocene and Oligocene VGPs reported for Borneo and the Celebes Sea and are similar to the Eocene VGPs reported for southwest Sulawesi and southwest Palawan. The occurrence of CCW deflected data over this large region suggests that much of Malaysia, Borneo, Sulawesi, and the Celebes Sea rotated approximately 30° to 40° CCW relative to the Geocentric Axial Dipole (GAD) between the Late Eocene and the Late Miocene, although not necessarily synchronously, nor as a single rigid plate. These regional CCW rotations are not consistent with simple extrusion based tectonic models. CW declinations have been measured in Late Triassic granites, Permian to Triassic volcanics, and remagnetized Paleozoic carbonates. The age of this magnetization is poorly understood and may be as old as Late Triassic, or as young as Middle or Late Cretaceous. The plate, or block rotations, giving rise to these directions are correspondingly weakly constrained.     

Early Carboniferous paleomagnetic results from the northeastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau and their implications

We conducted paleomagnetic investigations on limestone from the Lower Carboniferous Huaitoutala Formation in the Qaidam Basin near Delingha City, Qinghai Province, China. The characteristic remanent magnetization (D = 5.8°, I = − 25.7°, k = 114.3, α₉₅ = 4.8°) passes a fold test and indicates a paleopole position of − 39.2°N, 90.4°E and a paleolatitude of 13.5°N for the Qaidam Block for the early Carboniferous. Based on global tectonic reconstructions and paleontological evidence, we suggest that the Qaidam Block was adjacent to, but independent from, the North China, South China, Alashan–Hexi and Tarim blocks at this time. This result suggests that Pre-Carboniferous sutures reported around the Qaidam Basin represent collisional events within Gondwana, rather than the final sutures that gave rise to the present tectonic configuration.     

柴达木地块晚石炭世的古地理位置

作者由柴达木地块上得到的晚石炭世灰岩和砂岩的古地磁资料表明,该地块在晚石炭世时位于北纬26°,与当时的塔里木地块相邻或可能是塔里木地块的一部分。因而,柴达木地块应是安哥拉古陆的南界。晚石炭世之后,柴达木地块上的采点相对于塔里木地块有过运动,表现为柴达木地块相对于塔里术地块沿阿尔金断层向东移动和作顺时针旋转。     

Middle Devonian Paleomagnetism of Geological Complexes of Central Tuva

New paleomagnetic data are obtained for Middle Devonian rocks of Central Tuva. The rocks contain one-, two-, or three-component magnetization. The low-temperature (LT) components of magnetization are close to the directions of the present-day or Cenozoic magnetic field in Tuva. Based on the directions of the high-temperature (HT) components of magnetization, which were distinguished in the magnetite spectrum of blocking temperatures of up to 580оС, we revealed a prefolding magnetization of different polarity. The time when Middle Devonian rocks acquired the prefolding HT component of magnetization almost does not differ from the time of rock formation. Middle Devonian sequences were formed at low latitudes (19°–25° N). We calculated the Middle Devonian paleomagnetic pole (Φ =–13°, Λ = 106°, A₉₅ = 7), which can be used to describe the movement of the Caledonian block in Central Asia, and probably Siberia, if these blocks had been tectonically coupled by the Devonian.     

新疆准噶尔盆地和塔里木盆地二叠纪孢粉组合的比较及其植物区系和地层意义

根据二十年来积累的准噶尔和塔里木盆地二叠纪孢粉组合序列资料 ,结合其他动植物化石证据 ,初步做了两地二叠纪孢粉生物地层对比 ,并讨论了植物区系性质 ,指出准噶尔盆地在晚石炭世早期已属亚安加拉区 ,塔里木盆地在早二叠世虽总体上属欧美区 ,但已混生若干安加拉—亚安加拉成分 ,中、晚二叠世基本上已属亚安加拉区。孢粉证据支持准噶尔板块在早石炭世已与哈萨克斯坦板块—西伯利亚板块对接、塔里木板块在早二叠世与准噶尔板块对接的假说。二叠纪时 ,两地处于亚热带—暖温带 (4 0°N以南 ) ,气候总体上为半干旱气候 ,但干旱程度并不严酷 ,局部地区或层位偶尔还形成薄煤层或煤线 ,准噶尔盆地还有干湿的周期性变化和年度的季节变化     

柴达木盆地构造古地理分析

研究的目的是分析柴达木盆地显生宙构造古地理特征和盆地叠合过程。在寒武纪—泥盆纪 ,柴达木板块处于低纬度区 ,从寒武纪时的南纬 4 1°往北漂移到泥盆纪时的北纬 10 6° ,与塔里木、华北、扬子等块体有较大的纬度差 ,表明柴达木板块在该时期是一个并不隶属于其它任何板块的独立的块体 :与华北板块之间以北祁连洋相隔 ,与塔里木板块之间以阿尔金洋相隔 ,与中昆仑地块之间以东昆仑洋相隔 ,柴达木板块内部也被赛什腾—锡铁山洋所分隔。这些洋盆经历了寒武纪—早、中奥陶世张裂阶段和晚奥陶世—早、中泥盆世聚敛阶段 ,最终于中泥盆世末期闭合。该时期在柴达木盆地内部 ,叠合在震旦纪大陆裂谷盆地之上的是寒武—奥陶纪台地—陆棚相碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩建造 ,生物发育 ;志留纪—早、中泥盆世柴达木盆地以隆起为特征。石炭纪—三叠纪柴达木板块继续北移 ,石炭纪时位于北纬 11 9° ,二叠纪时位于北纬 12 7° ,三叠纪时位于北纬 2 2 2° ,该时期柴达木板块已与华北板块、塔里木板块拼合 ,但与羌塘板块之间以南昆仑洋相隔 ,柴达木处于南昆仑洋的弧后部位 ,叠加在早期盆地之上的是石炭纪—早二叠世滨岸—台地—陆棚相碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩夹煤线。晚二叠世—三叠纪柴达木盆地再度隆升。侏罗纪以来 ,柴达木板块缓慢北