花岗质岩石相关成矿系统的流体作用

与花岗质岩石相关的成矿系统与战略新兴矿产(W、Sn、Mo、Be、Nb、Ta、Li等)和大宗紧缺战略矿产(Cu、Au)密切相关。流体包裹体作为古成矿流体的样品,直接记录了成矿流体的温度、盐度和元素含量等关键信息。目前,随着单个流体(熔体)包裹体成分分析技术的突破,已经积累了一批可靠的成矿流体中元素含量的数据。本文总结了4种典型热液矿床的流体包裹体的温度、盐度和成分数据,对与花岗质岩石相关的成矿系统的流体性质和成矿机制进行探讨。斑岩型钼矿的熔体包裹体中钼含量不高,但斑岩型铜矿的熔体或熔流体包裹体中可含有高含量的铜和金。斑岩型钼矿和斑岩型铜矿热液阶段的流体相分离和特定温度域的流体冷却(420～350℃)是重要成矿机制。花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿和花岗岩型钨(锡)矿普遍发育的超临界流体可能具有超强的元素溶解能力。流体混合、水岩反应和流体沸腾等多种机制导致花岗岩型钨(锡)矿金属沉淀富集。目前,尚缺乏花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿的系统流体演化研究。     

石英黄铁矿中群体包裹体微量元素研究--以胶东焦家式金矿床为例

采用ICP-MS测定了胶东焦家、马塘、东季和红布金矿床黄铁矿、石英及其群体包裹体的微量元素组成。结果表明,黄铁矿包裹体与石英包裹体均富集Cu、Pb和Zn等成矿元素,反映了成矿流体的特征;不同成矿阶段成矿流体特征有差异,石英黄铁矿化阶段、黄铁绢英岩化阶段、石英多金属矿化阶段石英及其包裹体微量元素含量均高于成矿较差的钾长石化阶段的石英及其包裹体;与陆壳微量元素丰度相比,黄铁矿及石英中Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag和Au等成矿元素富集;与地热卤水及斑岩铜矿卤水微量元素含量相比,黄铁矿及石英包裹体中以Cu为代表的成矿元素均较其它元素相对富集,反映了成矿流体中富集成矿元素的特征。上述结果表明,可以采用ICP-MS测定黄铁矿及石英包裹体微量元素来研究成矿流体的特征。     

香花岭锡多金属矿田成矿地质条件及矿床成因探讨

在研究香花岭锡多金属矿田内地质构造、赋矿地层及含锡花岗岩发育特征及其控矿作用后、认为赋矿地层具有成矿物质初始富集特征:花岗岩属于具高难度、适度富碱、贫钙镁铁.富合面矿元素和挥发组分、高度分异演化的陆壳重熔花岗岩、成矿性良好.总结了区内主要类型的锡多金属矿床基本地质特征,重点阐述了本区新发现的斑岩锡矿床地质特征.根据矿化富集与地层和花岗岩体的时空关系,锡石矿物地球化学特征,矿床稀土地球化学特征,矿物包裹体成分统计分析等最新研究成果,提出了锡多金属矿床的地层—花岗岩的“双控”成因.     

熔体包裹体在估算花岗岩类矿床形成压力(深度)方面的应用

在花岗岩类矿床中,花岗岩浆分异出富挥发分熔体/流体的过程,是导致岩浆就位和成矿元素迁移、富集的关键因素之一.在该过程中,同时捕获的不同类别的熔体包裹体和流体包裹体可以互相限定捕获条件,由此可以建立一系列与熔体包裹体有关的地质压力计,进而得到相关分异作用发生的深度.这些深度数值,对于指导花岗岩地区的找矿工作具有重要价值....     

“八O一”稀有稀土矿床碱性花岗岩的含矿性、矿化规律及成因分析

内蒙古通辽市扎鲁特旗与碱性花岗岩有关的“八O一”特大型稀有稀土矿床位于巴尔哲北北东向背斜构造部位,以Nb、Y、Ta为主,伴生Be等多种稀有稀土元素。含矿岩体为普遍矿化的燕山期碱性花岗岩,且碱性花岗岩体与“八O一”稀有稀土矿床具有生成关系。通过对碱性花岗岩的岩石特征及含矿性、含矿元素的变化规律、岩石化学成分与稀有元素的关系、矿化元素的富集规律及矿床成因进行综合分析,认为“八O一”稀有稀土矿床为碱性花岗岩岩浆晚期分异交代型矿床。     

小秦岭文峪-东闯金矿床流体包裹体的微量元素及成因意义

运用热爆法提取和ICP-MS技术,研究了小秦岭文峪-东闯金矿不同阶段脉石英流体包裹体的稀土和微量元素.数据表明,石英流体包裹体的LREE相对富集,ΣLREE/ΣHREE为3.19～8.45,且从早阶段至晚阶段该比值有增长之势.轻重稀土分馏程度不大, 存在着一定的Eu异常.流体中Cu、Zn、Mo、W、Pb等微量成矿元素的富集系数远大于1.结合太华群变质岩系、文峪花岗岩体的REE和Cu、Pb、Zn等微量元素特征,认为金矿床的成矿物质主要来自太华群变质岩系.     

河北省S型与I型花岗岩体上的航磁异常特征及找矿作用

S型与I型花岗岩体在河北省境内广泛分布,前者含矿性不好,后者与成矿关系密切,普遍矿化。通过分析河北省高精度航磁资料,总结对比了S型与I型花岗岩体的航磁异常特征,并分析了它们磁性差异的原因,以便于在航磁资料的研究中圈定这两类花岗质岩体,区分矿与非矿异常,间接圈定找矿靶区。     

评价含锡花岗岩类岩体成矿性的包裹体地球化学标志

本工作比较系统地研究了湘桂粤赣地区主要含锡花岗岩类岩体和部分非含锡岩体矿物中包裹体的发育分布特征和大小、形状、类型、气相比、均一温度、盐度、气液相成分、氢氧同位素组成等特征,指出含有机质包裹体、沸腾包裹体群、含流体相熔融包裹体,CO_2含量大于4%,Cl~-/F~-摩尔比值小于1以及流体总浓度大于10%等特征是成锡岩体的包裹体地球化学判别标志。     

还原性斑岩型Cu与Mo-Cu矿特征与形成机制

还原性斑岩型Cu矿是近年新识别的一类斑岩型矿床,以岩浆阶段发育大量磁黄铁矿和成矿流体富CH4为主要特征。成因上,还原性斑岩型Cu矿与钛铁矿系列I型花岗岩伴生,形成于俯冲环境或者后碰撞环境。成矿流体为岩浆流体。岩浆阶段磁黄铁矿的结晶沉淀将导致岩浆中成矿元素Cu进入硫化物相而贫化,不利于成矿元素在流体中富集,结果导致还原性斑岩型Cu矿的矿化和蚀变规模较小。对比研究发现西准噶尔宏远Mo-Cu矿也具有还原性斑岩型矿床的特征,可能为还原性斑岩型矿床的新类型。     

内蒙古红彦镇地区山神府花岗岩熔融-流体包裹体特征及其成矿意义

通过内蒙古红彦镇地区山神府花岗岩的包裹体研究来探讨岩浆-热液过渡阶段的流体特征和成矿潜力.研究表明,山神府花岗岩包裹体类型可分为熔融包裹体、熔-流包裹体和流体包裹体3大类.熔-流包裹体的存在表明花岗岩经历岩浆-热液过渡阶段,而岩体中心相-边缘相流体包裹体均一温度从281 ℃变化到大于550 ℃,盐度从1.1% NaCl eqv变化到大于66.8% NaCl eqv同样指示了这一特征.根据不同温度、盐度包裹体等容线和水饱和花岗质岩浆固相线相交法可计算岩浆出溶流体温压范围,结合CO₂三相包裹体对岩体最小侵位压力有较好限制,估算出山神府花岗岩最小侵位深度为7.6~9.5 km,出溶温度为580~700 ℃,出溶深度集中在6.0~14.9 km.包裹体拉曼特征表明,熔-流包裹体固相成分含有重晶石、蓝铜矿和赤铁矿等强氧化性物质,说明岩浆-热液体系具有高氧逸度,而在高温高压高盐条件下非常有利于岩浆中Cu等金属向出溶流体中富集,结合野外矿化蚀变特征,分析得出山神府地区具有较好寻找岩浆热液型Cu矿床的成矿潜力.      

北秦岭蟒岭岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学及其演化

蟒岭岩体位于北秦岭构造带北部,岩石类型主要为似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩、中细粒二长花岗岩、含辉石黑云角闪闪长岩和黑云母钾长花岗岩。依据LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果,结合前人测试的年龄,将蟒岭岩体的岩浆演化划分为晚侏罗世早期、晚侏罗世晚期—早白垩世早期和早白垩世中期3期。第一期为含辉石黑云角闪闪长岩,其LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄为（157±1） Ma,该期岩石SiO₂质量分数较低,富碱,属于准铝质,钾玄岩-高钾钙碱性系列;第二期二长花岗岩,侵位年龄为（148±1） Ma~（144±1） Ma,具有高硅、富碱的特征,属于准铝质-弱过铝质,钾玄岩-高钾钙碱性I-A过渡型花岗岩;第三期黑云母钾长花岗岩,侵位年龄为（124±2） Ma,具高硅、富碱、低镁、铝饱和指数偏高的特征,属过铝质,高钾钙碱性I-A过渡型花岗岩。组成蟒岭岩体的花岗岩从早到晚,SiO₂质量分数逐渐升高,而Al₂O₃、TiO₂、MgO、CaO、P₂O₅、TFe₂O₃质量分数逐渐降低;稀土元素总量具有由高到低的变化趋势,第一期和第二期岩石的稀土元素配分曲线为轻稀土元素相对富集的右倾型,而第三期的稀土元素配分曲线呈两边高中间低的不对称弧形,整体上负铕异常不明显或呈微弱正铕异常;微量元素上,这3期岩石均富集K、Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,而相对亏损P、Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。与区域上同时代成矿花岗岩体对比,两者均具有高硅、富碱的特征,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线呈轻稀土元素富集的右倾斜型,但蟒岭岩体中二长花岗岩没有明显的Eu异常,且Ba、P、Ti亏损及Ta、Nb富集没有含矿花岗岩明显。     

Rare-earth elements as indicators of ore sources and the degree of differentiation and ore potential of rare-metal granite intrusions (eastern Transbaikalia)

The meteoritic-material-normalized REE patterns of rare-metal granite intrusions of the ore-bearing Kukul'bei complex (J2–J3), eastern Transbaikalia, were studied. It is shown that the intrusions were initially enriched in granitophile volatiles and trace elements (rare metals), i.e., this phenomenon is not related to the differentiation of their parental magma chambers. On the differentiation of the Kukul'bei rare-metal intrusions, the REE contents decrease in passing from granites of the main intrusive phase (MP) to late leucocratic differentiates (muscovite and amazonite granites), the differentiates become more enriched in granitophile elements, and their rare-metal contents drastically increase as compared with the MP granites. The ore-bearing bodies of muscovite and amazonite granites have extremely low REE contents and the highest contents of granitophile (including ore-forming) elements.The REE patterns of the Kukul'bei intrusive differentiates are not universal among rare-metal intrusions. By the example of highly ore-bearing rare-metal granite intrusions of the Erzgebirge, Central Europe, it has been established that their late deep-seated differentiates (ultrarare-metal lithionite-zinnwaldite Li-F-granites) accompanied by highly productive Sn-W mineralization concentrate both granitophile elements and REE (particularly HREE). Among the studied Transbaikalian rare-metal intrusions of the Kukul'bei complex, only the differentiates of the most ore-bearing Sherlovaya Gora intrusive system belong to the above type. The analysis of the REE patterns of the Kukul'bei granites confirmed the earlier conclusions on the low ore potential of the rare-metal mineralization of the studied intrusive complex.     

花岗质次火山岩的成因类型及成矿专属性

与花岗质火山岩具不同的成因类型相似,自然界也存在着不同成因类型的次火山岩。后者与三大成因类型花岗岩相对应,亦可分为壳型次火山岩,过渡型次火山岩和幔型次火山岩三类。亮型次火山岩主要与U、REE,W、Sn、Nb、Ta等矿产有关系,属花岗岩矿床系列。过渡型次火山岩主要与Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Au有关,并伴有W、Sn成矿、属斑岩矿床系列。幔型次火山岩主要与黄铁矿型Cu、Pb、Zn多金属矿化有关,属海相火山岩矿床系列。     

内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁地区晚侏罗世侵入岩年代学、地球化学特征及成矿潜力

摘要：阿鲁科尔沁地区位于兴蒙造山带东段,中生代岩浆岩分布广泛。对该地区晚侏罗世侵入岩进行了年代学、岩石地球化学及其成矿潜力研究。阿鲁科尔沁地区晚侏罗世侵入岩主要由石英二长闪长岩、石英二长岩、黑云母花岗闪长岩组成,主岩体黑云母花岗闪长岩的LA ICP MS锆石U Pb加权平均年龄为(14379±084) Ma(MSWD=33),属晚侏罗世,在区域Mo Au Cu成矿峰期内。岩体属准铝质高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列,相对富碱,稀土元素总量较低,轻重稀土分馏明显,具有中等Eu负异常,富集强不相容元素Rb、Th、U、LREE,亏损高场强元素P、Ti、Y及HREE,相对亏损Nb和Ta,相对亏损大离子亲石元素Ba,属I型花岗岩。岩体主体来源于壳源基性岩组分的部分熔融,形成于晚侏罗世的后碰撞伸展环境,为有利成矿构造演化阶段。K/Rb和Rb/Sr比值较小,DI值较大,SI值较小,Fe2O3/FeO比值较大,属中等-强演化中等分异程度的氧化型或磁铁矿系列花岗岩,地球化学含矿性参数显示其Cu、Au、Mo金属成矿潜力依次降低,与研究区已发现的矿化特征相一致。     

The Genetic Types of Some Granite Intrusions Associated with Tin Polymetallic Deposits in the Nanling Region

Tin polymetallic deposits are the most important type of tin deposit in the Nanling region. Manyresearchers both at home and abroad consider this type of tin deposit to be the product of differentiation andevolution of granite magmas resulting from anatexis of continental crust and to be genetically related to thetransformation-type (S-type) granitoids. In this paper, on the basis of the geological settings, petrology, REEgeochemistry and strontium and oxygen isotopic compositions of 6 granite intrusions associaied with tinpolymetallic deposits in the Nanling region, the authors suggest that the ore-bearing granites of this type areprobably the products of differentiation and evolution of acid magmas resulting from 40-50‰ fractionalcrystallization of magmas formed by partial melting of the pre-existing intermediate-basic volcanic rocks ofmantle origin in the lower crust and a small amount of sialic material and belong to crust-mantle-derivedgranitoids (approaching I-type of B. W. Chappell and A.J.R. White, but being evidently different from theS-type granitoid related to W, Sn, Nb, Ta and REE deposits).     

An early Cretaceous analogue of the ~ 2.5 Ga Malanjkhand porphyry Cu deposit,Central India

The ~ 2.5 Ga Malanjkhand Cu mineralization is hosted by adakitic granitoids in central India. The mineralization represents a large Cu deposit. However, significant debate still surrounds its identification as an analogue of modern circum-Pacific style porphyry Cu deposits. The controversy is intricately linked to several first-order geological issues, such as: the onset of modern plate tectonics and ensuing supercontinent cycles, temporal evolution of the Earth's continental crust coupled with buoyancy of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) and oxidation state of the sub-arc mantle wedge. The petrology and geochemistry of the early Cretaceous Lower Yangtze River Belt (LYRB) adakitic granitoids, central-eastern China that hosts several porphyry Cu deposits are similar to the ~ 2.5 Ga Malanjkhand adakitic granitoids of central India, hosting Cu mineralization. The relict amphibole chemistry of both, the LYRB and Malanjkhand granitoids reveals similar “porphyry mineralizing trends” implying high concentrations of H₂O and elevated fO₂ conditions of the ore-bearing shallowly emplaced adakitic granitoids. Consequently, the Malanjkhand and LYRB adakitic granitoids were generated in near-identical tectonothermal regimes. The LYRB porphyry Cu deposits belong to the circum–Pacific metallogenic belt of the Eurasian active continental margin. Collectively, the mineralogical, petrological and geochemical similarities of the Malanjkhand and the LYRB adakitic granitoids imply porphyry style mineralization of the Malanjkhand Cu deposit. The identification of Malanjkhand mineralization as a truly Neoarchean porphyry Cu deposit along with coeval adakites, calc-alkaline rhyolites, high-Mg andesites (HMA), followed by rift-related tholeiites and A₂-type granites helps to constrain the tectonic evolution of central India. The rarity of porphyry Cu deposits in the Earth's early history is primarily attributed to their lack of preservation. This study opens up exploration possibilities for hitherto unexplored and concealed porphyry Cu deposits in other geologically favorable Precambrian terranes comprising shallowly emplaced adakitic granitoids.     

U-Pb isotopic geochronologic investigations of zircons from granites and ore-bearing metasomatites of the Berezitiovoe gold-polymetallic deposit (Upper Amur region)

The results of the U-Pb geochronologic studies of zircons from the ore-bearing metasomatites of the Berezitovoe deposit in the Upper Amur region and the porphyroid biotite-hornblende host granites of the Khaikta-Orogzhan massif, which were previously considered as Early Proterozoic magmatic formations of the Late Stanovoi Complex, are examined. The SHRIMP-II and LA-ICP-MS methods were used for this purpose. It was revealed that the mass spectrometer method coupled with a laser ablation system yields precise U-Pb rock dating, and its results are comparable with the data obtained by the SHRIMP-II method. The weighted average isotopic ages are 344–355 and 323–366 Ma as established for the zircons from the porphyroid granites of the Khaikta-Orogzhan massif and from the ore-bearing metasomatites of the Berezitovoe gold-polymetallic deposit, respectively. The data definitely indicate that the metasomatites were developed after the granitoids of the Khaikta-Orogzhan massif and belong most likely to an autonomous Late Paleozoic magmatic complex. Coeval Paleozoic magmatic complexes are widespread within the Selenga-Stanovoi superterrane in the eastern and western Transbaikal regions.     

大兴安岭北部中生代花岗岩类地球化学特征及地质意义

依据在大兴安岭北部开展的1：20万水系沉积物地球化学调查项目所采集的岩石样品的元素分析测试结果，对中生代花岗岩类39种元素含量进行了统计，分析了元素的地球化学特征，提出了大兴安岭北部中生代花岗岩类元素的丰度值.认为大兴安岭北部中生代花岗岩类具有富钾酸性花岗岩和富铝中酸性花岗岩两种地球化学类型的特征，这些特征与中生代构造运动和岩浆活动关系密切.     

华东地区花岗岩类成因类型及其与铀成矿的关系

本文对华东地区的花岗岩类按改造型 变质混合交代型、重熔型和同熔型———同熔型 (Ⅰ型 )、深源分异型 (A型 )进行了成因分类 ,并对各类花岗岩的岩石化学成分、岩石学特征、副矿物、稀土元素、锶、氧同位素等特征进行了较为详细的论述 ,列举了各类花岗岩的分布地区和代表性岩体 ;论述了各类花岗岩的空间分布与铀矿床产出的关系 ,指出重熔型花岗岩是铀矿床产出的主要岩体类型 ,其次是深源分异型 (A型 )花岗岩。变质混合交代型和同熔型 (Ⅰ型 )花岗岩只有铀矿点或矿化点产出。文章最后系统地总结了改造型与同熔型花岗岩的铀矿化特征。     

A study of igneous rocks related to Zn–Pb mineralization in the Shinyemi and Gagok deposits of the Taebaeksan Basin,South Korea

The Shinyemi and Gagok deposits, located in the Taebaeksan Basin, South Korea, display Zn–Pb mineralization along a contact between Cretaceous granitoids and Cambrian–Ordovician carbonates of the Joseon Supergroup. The Shinyemi mine is one of the largest polymetallic skarn‐type magnetite deposits in South Korea and comprises Fe and Fe–Mo–Zn skarns, and Zn–Cu–Pb replacement deposits. Both deposits yield similar Cretaceous mineralization ages, and granitoids associated with the two deposits displaying similar mineral textures and compositions, are highly evolved, and were emplaced at a shallow depth. They are classified as calc‐alkaline, I‐type granites (magnetite series) and were formed in a volcanic arc. Compositional variation is less in the Shinyemi granites and aplites (e.g., SiO₂ = 74.4–76.6 wt% and 74.4–75.1 wt%, respectively) than in the Gagok granites and aplites (e.g., SiO₂ = 65.6–68.0 wt% and 74.9–76.5 wt%, respectively). Furthermore, SiO₂ vs K/Rb and SiO₂ vs Rb/Sr diagrams indicate that the Shinyemi granitoids are more evolved than the Gagok granitoids. Shinyemi granitoids had been already differentiated highly in deep depth and then intruded into shallow depth, so both granite and aplite show the highly evolved similar chemical compositions. Whereas, less differentiated Gagok granitoids were separated into two phases in the last stage at shallow depth, so granite and aplite show different compositions. The amounts of granites and aplite are similar in the Shinyemi deposit, whereas the aplite appears in an amount less than the granite in the Gagok deposit. For this reason, the Shinyemi granitoids caused not only Fe enrichment during formation of the dolomite‐hosted magnesian skarn but also was associated with Mo mineralization in the Shinyemi deposit. Zn mineralization of the Gagok deposit was mainly caused by granite rather than aplite. Our data suggest that the variation in mineralization displayed by the two deposits resulted from differences in the compositions of their associated igneous intrusions.