广东高要河台金矿同位素年代学研究

河台金矿是桂东-粤西成矿带中代表性大型金矿之一,其容矿围岩主要是震旦系糜棱岩,矿体受到NEE向剪切带控制。本次研究获得河台金矿云西矿段混合岩中黑云母Ar-Ar坪年龄为161.8±1.2Ma;河台金矿河海矿段富硫化物石英脉中绢云母Ar-Ar坪年龄为157.1±1.0Ma;首次测得河台金矿河海矿段富硫化物石英脉中磁黄铁矿的Re-Os等时线年龄为175.5±4.3Ma。结合前人工作,研究表明河台金矿的形成可能经历了一个复杂的演变过程,区域剪切作用主要集中在印支期-燕山早期,矿床的成矿时代可能主要集中在175Ma左右。     

东天山马头滩金矿的成矿时代及其地质意义

马头滩金矿区位于秋格明塔什—黄山韧性剪切带西段南缘,矿床成因研究表明,马头滩金矿的形成受该韧性剪切带的控制。为探讨马头滩金矿的成矿时代及其地质意义,开展了石英流体包裹体成分及Rb-Sr、白云母Ar-Ar和硫化物S同位素分析。石英的Rb-Sr同位素等时线年龄为258.8±6.8Ma,限定了该矿床的形成时代,40Ar-39Ar坪年龄为256.0±1.0Ma,与成矿作用及秋格明塔什韧性剪切带西段右行走滑剪切变形作用在误差范围内一致,说明成矿作用与走滑剪切作用密切相关。S同位素及石英包裹体气液相成分特征表明,成矿流体具有幔源特征,并有壳源物质参与,而由右行走滑剪切及随后的抬升作用导致的压力和温度的降低应是东天山地区剪切带型金矿床形成的动力学背景。     

东天山红石金矿床石英Rb-Sr同位素定年

红石金矿床产于东天山秋格明塔什—黄山韧性剪切带中,其成矿作用主要受韧性剪切带控制.前人通过金矿石绢云母Ar-Ar法将该矿床主成矿时代限定在254 ～ 259Ma之间,本文从讨论Rb-Sr法测年在韧性剪切带型金矿成矿时代研究中的可行性角度出发,对红石金矿主成矿期形成的金矿石进行石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr法测年.Rb-Sr法测年得到等时线年龄为257±4Ma,n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)=0.70997±0.00016.该年龄位于红石金矿床254～259Ma的主成矿时代范围内,说明石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr测年对于解决韧性剪切带型金矿床成矿时代具有很好的可行性.另外,红石金矿床与同一剪切带内的康古尔金矿在成矿时代、空间位置关系以及成矿物质来源等方面均具有一致性,认为红石金矿与康古尔金矿属相同成矿事件的产物.通过分析红石金矿床成矿时代、韧性剪切带作用时代、右行走滑以及后期的冷却降温作用时代的关系,推测红石金矿床及其剪切带内所在的康古尔等金矿床成矿作用主因是秋格明塔什—黄山韧性剪切带内晚期的右行走滑剪切变形及走滑作用后的快速抬升和缓慢冷却作用.从韧性剪切带型金矿成矿类型来看,属于早期韧性剪切变形,后期脆—韧性变形、成矿作用叠加这一类型.     

新疆元宝山金矿床锆石U-Pb、全岩Rb-Sr年代学及其地质意义

元宝山金矿床位于新疆鄯善县境内,属于东天山康古尔塔格金矿带,受秋格明塔什-黄山韧性剪切带控制。为探讨元宝山金矿床的成矿时代及其地质意义,本次研究开展了矿石石英Rb-Sr年代学、含矿围岩Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd及锆石U-Pb同位素年代学分析。(255.6±1.0)Ma的含矿围岩Rb-Sr同位素等时线年龄以及(256±14)Ma的石英Rb-Sr等时线年龄,限定了该矿床的形成时代,而(334.7±9.8)Ma的含矿围岩锆石U-Pb年代学数据表明,该矿床的含矿围岩为中石炭统。Sr、Nd同位素特征表明,成矿物质来源具有幔源特征并有壳源物质参与,而区内韧性剪切带右行走滑剪切及随后的抬升作用导致的压力和温度的降低应是元宝山金矿床形成的动力学背景。     

安徽铜陵新桥Cu-Au-Fe-S矿床黄铁矿Re-Os定年及成矿意义

安徽铜陵地区是长江中下游Cu-Au-Fe-S成矿带中的一个重要成矿区,新桥大型Cu-Au-Fe-S矿床为其重要的矿床之一.运用Re-Os同位素定年方法对该矿床中矿石的黄铁矿进行了精确定年测定,首次获得了黄铁矿的Re-Os等时线年龄为126±11Ma,初始OS值1.2±1.9（MSWD=2.6）,属早白垩世,代表了铁硫化物的成矿年龄.结合前人的精确同位素定年结果,认为铜陵地区存在两种成矿事件,一种是与Cu-Au-Mo矿有关的成矿事件,代表的铜钼金硫化物的成矿年龄为138.0～140.0 Ma;另一种与铁矿有关的成矿事件,代表的铁硫化物的成矿年龄为112.6～126 Ma.     

粤西黄泥坑金矿床地质地球化学特征和成矿时代

粤西黄泥坑金矿是近年来新发现的一个中-大型金矿床。其成矿作用分为石英-黄铁矿阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段。其中,石英-黄铁矿阶段为金的主成矿阶段。对含金石英脉进行了流体包裹体Rb-Sr同位素定年,获得等时线年龄为(233.4±8.6)Ma(MSWD=2.3,n=5),表明黄泥坑金矿形成于印支期。对矿区花岗闪长岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,获得的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(451.1±2.7)Ma(MSWD=2.1,n=21),表明其形成于加里东期。综合分析花岗闪长岩和矿石的微量元素分析数据及已有的研究成果显示,黄泥坑金矿床中金的来源并非加里东期花岗闪长岩,可能来自于寒武系及隐伏的晚期岩浆岩。矿床的形成主要受罗定-广宁推覆构造控制,挤压推覆后拉张剪切作用形成的剪切破碎带及其热液蚀变作用与成矿密切相关。     

粤西河台金矿床富硫化物含金石英脉锆石U-Pb 测年及成矿意义

河台金矿是一个强烈受韧性剪切带控制的金矿床,金的成矿主要发生在热液蚀变成矿期的金石英脉阶段和金硫化物阶段,形成的矿石有蚀变糜棱岩型和富硫化物石英脉型.富硫化物含金石英脉中单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素测年显示早加里东期是河台金矿床主成矿期,成矿年龄为492±16Ma;矿区燕山期伍村花岗岩的单颗粒锆石年龄为153.6±2.1Ma;结合已有的同位素资料,认为河台金矿床是华南加里东期构造-变质-岩浆作用及成矿作用的一个组成部分,是一个早加里东期造山作用同期的造山带型金矿床,并可能有燕山期的热液叠加成矿作用.     

粤西河台金矿锆石SHRIMP年龄及其地质意义

河台金矿是一个受剪切带控制的金矿床,成矿作用分为韧性剪切变质成矿期的韧性剪切变质成矿作用阶段和热液蚀变成矿期的金硅化石英脉阶段、金硫化物阶段以及方铅矿闪锌矿碳酸盐脉阶段,金的成矿主要发生在热液蚀变成矿期的金石英脉阶段和金硫化物阶段。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年显示赋矿围岩混合岩中继承性锆石的核部和幔部年龄为343.9~1732Ma,代表形成混合岩原岩的源区岩石的年龄;继承性锆石边部和混合岩化变质作用中新生锆石的年龄平均值为239.6±3.9Ma,属印支期,为混合岩化变质作用的年龄,这一年龄与印支期印支板块与扬子板块、扬子板块与华北板块的碰撞时代相一致,证实在中国华南存在印支期的混合岩化变质作用。韧性剪切变质成矿作用的年龄小于混合岩化变质作用的年龄(239.6±3.9Ma);富硫化物含金石英脉中热液锆石普通铅含量高,为0.65%~2.27%,Th/U值变化围很小,为0.306~0.557,其年龄为152.5±3.1Ma,属燕山期,代表河台金矿主成矿期年龄。     

粤西河台金矿田糜棱岩XRD特征及其地质意义

粤西河台金矿区位于钦州湾—杭州湾（钦—杭）结合带南段的云开地区,是典型的受韧性剪切带控制的金矿。然而,对于剪切带中有利于金成矿的地质环境及其成矿过程仍然存在争议。本文在对河台矿区高村矿床进行详细野外地质调查的基础上,通过X射线衍射（XRD）对含金剪切带中各类糜棱岩系列岩石进行系统研究,建立应力变化—成分变异的对比序列,从而进一步揭示剪切变形与金矿化的关系。结果显示,剪切带中白（绢）云母的含量在9%~40%,并且在初糜棱岩、无矿糜棱岩、含矿糜棱岩、无矿超糜棱岩、含矿超糜棱岩中含量呈现出逐渐递增的趋势。白（绢）云母主要为2M1型,b0值分布在0.55505~0.99002 nm之间,在初糜棱岩、无矿糜棱岩和无矿超糜棱岩中逐渐增高,分别形成在低压、中压和高压环境。可见,从初糜棱岩到超糜棱岩,随着变形强度的增加,热液活动也随之增强,从而新生成了大量白（绢）云母。然而,在含矿的糜棱岩和超糜棱岩中还存在一些低压白云母,推测其可能是在后期脆性裂隙中由于流体活动所新形成的。因此,成矿可能经历了两个阶段,即早期的韧性剪切变形阶段导致金的初步富集,后期叠加的脆性破裂阶段形成具有工业品位的矿体。另外,无矿超糜棱岩的石英含量（29.8%）明显低于糜棱岩（44.2%）,推测在形成石英脉型矿体过程中,部分热液可能来自于其围岩超糜棱岩。因此,相对于初糜棱岩和糜棱岩,超糜棱岩中更有利于金矿的形成。     

粤西河台金矿床富硫化物石英脉Rb-Sr等时线年龄讨论

河台金矿床产于河台韧性剪切带中 ,成矿作用分为韧性剪切变质成矿期的韧性剪切变质成矿阶段和热液蚀变成矿期金石英脉阶段、金硫化物阶段和方铅矿闪锌矿碳酸盐脉阶段。金的成矿主要发生在金石英脉阶段和金硫化物阶段 ,形成的矿石有蚀变糜棱岩型和富硫化物石英脉型。富硫化物石英脉单矿物石英中富含以富CO2 液相为主的流体包裹体、流体熔融包裹体及熔融包裹体。与以往用流体包裹体热爆法和压碎法提取Rb、Sr的方法不同 ,本文用石英全溶法测得富硫化物石英脉中石英的Rb Sr等时线年龄为 172± 2Ma(1σ) ,初始比值为 0 .72 816± 0 .0 0 0 96 ,对比已有的同位素年龄数据及区域成矿特征 ,认为这一年龄值可能代表了河台金矿床的成矿年龄。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.